System Architecture Chapter 6 vocab

Storage Bus

A ____ connects secondary storage devices to the system bus.

Cache Controller

A ____ is a processor that guesses what data will be requested in the near future and loads this data from the storage device into the cache before it's actually requested.

System Bus

A __________ connects computer system components, including the CPU, memory, storage, and I/O devices

Interrupt Registers

A portion of the CPU, separate from the components that fetch and execute instructions, monitors the bus continuously for interrupt signals and copies them to a(n) ____________________.

Logical Access

A read or write operation from to and from a peripheral device that acts as though it were a storage device containing one or more bytes stored in sequentially numbered addresses

Linear Address space

A set of sequentially numbered storage locations

Stack Pointer

A special-purpose register called the ____________________ always points to the next empty address in the stack and is incremented or decremented automatically each time the stack is pushed or popped.

Buffer

A(n) ____________________ is a small reserved area of main memory (usually DRAM or SRAM) that holds data in transit from one device to another and is required to resolve differences in data transfer unit size

Bus Clock

Devices attached to a system bus coordinate and synchronize their activities with a common ____.

Device Controller

Storage and I/O devices are normally connected to the system bus or a subsidiary bus through a(n) _____

Buffer Overflow

If a buffer isn't large enough to hold and entire unit of data transfer, an error called a ____ occurs.

Interrupt Processing

Mismatches in data transfer rate and data transfer unit size are addressed in part by ____________________, which consumes substantial CPU resources.

Control Bus

The ____ carries commands, command responses, status codes, and similar messages

Memory Bus

The ____ connects only the CPU and memory

Video Bus

The ____________________ improves computer system performance by removing video traffic from the system bus and providing a high-capacity one-way communication channel optimized for video data.

Peripheral Devices

There are typically multiple storage and I/O devices connected to a computer, collectively referred to as ____.

Lossy

____________________ compression is usually applied only to audio and video data because the human brain tolerates missing audio and video data and can usually "fill in the blanks."

Multiple-processor Architecture

____________________ is a more traditional approach to multiprocessing that uses two or more processors on a single motherboard or set of interconnected motherboards.

Compression

____________________ is incorporated into all modern videoconferencing standards to reduce use of available data transfer capacity