Systems Analysis and Design - Sprint 1

5 Process Groups

-initiating -planning -executing -monitoring and controlling -closing

10 Knowledge Areas

-integration -scope -time -cost -quality -human resource -communication -risk -procurement -stakeholder management MNEMONIC: Integrating Scope and Time will Cost our Quality Human Resources to Communicate with a Risk of Procuring Stakeholders

5 Phases of project management

-project identification -project selection -project kickoff -project management -product management

Object-Oriented Systems Analysis & Design (OOSAD)

-use-case driven -architecture centric -interative and incremental Breaks a complex system into smaller, more manageable modules

Work Breakdown Structure (WBS)

A deliverable-oriented grouping of the work involved in a project that defines the total scope of the project

Project charter

A document that formally recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management

Change control system

A formal, documented process that describes when and how official project document and work may be changed

Methodology

A formalized approach to implementing the SDLC A set of ideas or guidelines about how to proceed in gathering and validating knowledge of a subject matter

Unified Modeling Language (UML)

A modeling language for object-oriented system analysis, design and deployment. NOT a product, or is it a process or a methodology. Provides a common vocabulary of object-oriented terms and diagramming techniques

Class

A set of objects that share the same attributes and operations

Unified Process

A specific methodology that maps out when and how to use the various UML techniques for object-oriented analysis and design

Mind-mapping approach (WBS development)

A technique that uses branches radiating out from a core idea to structure thoughts and ideas

Activity / Task

An element of work normally found on the work breakdown structure (WBS) that has an expected duration, a cost, and resource requirements

Project Management Institute (PMI)

An international professional society for project managers

CAPM

Certified Associate in Project Management

Information Systems

Commercial products that must: -satisfy their consumers, and -be developed by following a methodology that assures the best possible quality and the best possible use of resources

Information Hiding

Conceals and protects what goes on inside an object from the outside world. Objects are treated as black boxes.

Object Interface

Consists of operations that are available to the public

Implementation phase

Construct the system, install the system, and support the system

Solution space

Contains issues related to the product itself, product is designed within here

Design phase

Develop a design strategy, design architecture and interfaces, develop databases and file specification, finally develop the program design to specify what programs need to be written and what they will do

Analysis phase

Develop an analysis strategy, gather the requirement and develop a system proposal

Expert judgment

Experts can help project managers and their teams make many decisions related to project execution

Attributes

Features, properties, qualities or characteristics that are associated with an object

Requirements

Identify the specific objectives that the product must help its users to achieve (NOT product specifications)

Role of Systems Analyst

Identify ways to improve the organization, motivate and train others. Needs these set of skills: -technical -business -analytical -communications -interpersonal -ethics

Abstraction

Identifying those characteristics of an entity that distinguish it from other kinds of entities

Project scope management

Includes the processes involved in defining and controlling what is or is not included in a project

Object

Instantiation of a class

Scrum

Leading agile development method. The owner chooses a product from the product backlog, and the ScrumMaster facilitates daily Scrum meetings detailing what the development team needs to do to create desired results within a sprint, typically 2-4 weeks.

Agile development

Move quickly and easily, more adaptive than traditional predictive development strategies

Rapid Application Development

Phased, prototyping

PMP

Project Management Professional

Planning phase

Project initiation and project management

Superclass

Results from generalizing a set of classes

Subclass

Results from specializing a superclass. Inherits characteristics from the superclass.

Analogy approach (WBS development)

Review WBSs of similar projects and tailor to your project

Waterfall

Specifies a set of sequential phases for software development -each step cannot begin until the previous step has been completed and documented -document-driven

Top-down approach (WBS development)

Start with the largest items of the project and break them down

Bottom-up approach (WBS development)

Start with the specific tasks and roll them up

Finish to start dependency

Task B cannot start until task A finishes

Polymorphism

The ability of objects belonging to different classes to perform the same operation differently

Prototyping

The creation of a working model of the essential features of the final product for testing and verification requirements

Problem space

The environment in which the product must operate, this is understood within the analysis phase of the SDLC

Information Technology

The know-how, the methods, the tools and the material used to support information systems

Inheritance

The mechanism by which a subclass incorporates the behavior of a superclass

Encapsulation

The packaging of data and processes within one single unit

Critical path

The series of activities that determines the earliest time by which the project can be completed. It is the longest path in the network diagram.

SDLC Process and Phases

This process consists of four phases: -planning -analysis -design -implementation Each phases consists of a series of steps Each phase is documented Phases are executed sequentially, incrementally, iteratively or in some other pattern

Triple constraint

Time, cost and scope (sometimes quality)

Generalize

To conclude that characteristics of a particular entity apply to a broader range of entities

Structured Development

Waterfall, parallel

Operations / Methods

What an object does or is capable of doing (Verb)

Agile Development

eXtreme programming, SCRUM

Messages

information sent to objects to trigger methods