TEAS V: Reading.....

Opinons

Beliefs based on personal judgements rather than on indisputable facts. People who believe strongly in something may think their opinion is fact.

Maps

Show overhead view of a specific area. Important features of the terrain may be printed on the map using lines, colors or text.

phonebook basic listings vs advertisements

Basic listing will offer most comprehensive list of businesses and advertisement will give additional info like hours, descriptions) but may be filled with errors actually hurting them

Example of purposes being mixed

A economist writing about his new theory may be using persuasive (To get reader to agree), expository (to introduce new idea to less experienced) and narrative (telling you how he came up with idea)

Primary Source, what is and what is not

A primary source is firsthand record of events, theories, opinons or actions. These records may be published or unpublished documents. If it was written hundreds of years after it occurred it is NOT a primary source. They are not always unbiased and factual (persons perception of an event) examples= letters, diaries, interviews, audio/video recordings, works of art, films, literature, photography, statical data, research, census data

Primary source examples for A. Archeology B. Sociology C. Law D. Rhetoric

A. Farming tools B. Voting Records C. Declaration of independence D. Speeches

What 3 things to text features typically achieve?

Add meaning, change meaning, or add clarity. Ex) A list may add clarity, a novel using italics to mark a characters personal thoughts.

Logical Conclusion

An Idea that follows from the facts or ideas present in the text. Can be logical/ illogical/ true or untrue. For ex) a conspiracy theory may be totally illogical on its own but when presented with the theory you may be able to draw a logical conclusion from it.

Scale Readings, what is a scale?

Any standard instrument of measurement that has marking at established intervals. exs) standard weight scale, thermometers, blood pressure monitors, geiger counters, altimeters. Scale readings. Pay special attention to intervals and read any key given.

Summary Sentence

Appear near or at end of text. Sometimes sums point made earlier in text. Drives home message. Can be overkill- not as common as topic sentence.

Appropriate sources for finding info

Appropriate means to the point (directly discuss topic) and credible (a study to back up what is being said)

Printed Documents

Can be hard to read if not written well. First look entire text quickly & general, figure out which pieces are important and go back to text for specific info.

Graphic info- Pie Chart

Common. Represents a concept with a circle and then breaks down the pie into slices to illustrate the components. ex) could represent a single day and how much was spent doing various tasks. Be so careful reading graphs and you'll be fine :)

Historical context ex)

Everything from masterpiece to amateur web-page has this. Means that the time and place in which the piece was written will influence the work in some way. Historical factors that influence WHAT is written and HOW it is written EX) Four humors back in day was legit thinking as to why peeps got sick.

Legend

Explains symbols and notations used on map. sometime called a key.

Supporting details

Flesh out and explain the main idea. Without these details reader has very little reason to believe the main idea. EX) If book Depression the rational solution said, be more rational and less emotional and you wont have depression the end. you wouldnt believe it

Text Features

Include formatting devices such as bold or italicized, indented text, bulleted or numbered lists. Can be meaningful and useful if used properly. for ex) indicate when someone is shouting.

Facts

Information based on real, provable events or situations

Distance scale

Information in the legend that tells the reader how to interpret distances on the map. Distance scale may represent 1 mi, ect.

Descriptive format

Just basically describing something and can be in any format for EX) A park bench that is rusty and used to be pretty rust gets everywhere when wind blows

Phonebooks

Look for more formal name when looking at categories. Ex) Automotive instead of Car.

Problem-solution format

Might be illustrated by presenting the problem in one paragraph and the solution in another. Or, the author might choose to write one solid paragraph containing both but use a one font for the problem and one font for the solution.

Expository

Passage introduces or explains a subject, gives groundwork information that is necessary for understanding later ideas, or analyzes information objectively.

Table of contents

Provides an overview of a document outlining its basic structure and allowing the reader to quickly look up (and skip to) the section she wants to read. (front). short and long documents could have this. appear in non-fiction work . General topics.

index

Provides way to look up various topics in the document. Consists of names, topics and ideas mentioned in text with page numbers. (back). only long documents have this. Specific detail.

Nutrition labels

Read carefully, complex. Label reading becomes very important in patient care (lactose intolerance).

Inference

Reading between the lines. Next step to making a logical conclusion. It is Not actually written in text but is deduced by reader. Ex) If a writer has a strong point of view reader needs to be able to detect his biases. Or poorly written instructions about rewiring a house you may need to infer that electricity should be turned off.

Direction-following tasks

Require a sequence of directions to be followed explicitly. Directions may be in the form of a list or in paragraph. If they are not in a list, imagine that they are. Write each steps result to keep track.

Economical Buys

Some things may seem cheap until you add tax, s&h, ect. Sometimes simple to find grand total, sometimes not. Price per unit, retailers reliability, return policies are also variables for cost.

Context

Some words have double meaning, must look at context to know which the author intended. Context consists of surrounding words, sentences, or paragraphs that help reveal words meaning. Also helps for a word you do not understand at all. If possible always best to double check, obvi cant in a test tho!

Themes

Subjects that a written work frequently touches upon Ex) Depression: The Rational Solution may touch on themes od despair, hope, self-improvement. Themes are ideas that come back again and again .

Narrative

Text tells a story or relates a chain of events.

Main Idea

The topic is general, the main idea is the specific message. In the case of the book Depression: the rational Solution the main idea might be "to erase depression one must engage in rational part of the brain and ignore the emotional part"

Scale reading, upper and lower limits?

These are as far as the scale measures (low and high) and should be understood that, for example, if a thermometer's lower limit is -10 and it says -10degrees that there is a good chance the temperature is actually LOWER than that.

Making buying simple

Three stage process 1. decide what qualities are important 2. get product info and compare against qualities 3. Sort through the info and decide which product or retailer best matches qualities Cross out each product or retailer as soon as it fails to match any desired u

Topic sentence

express the main point of a paragraph or of a larger text. Usually a paragraph starts with this and then goes on to support it.

What would an advertisements purpose be??

To inform and persuade

persuade

To persuade the reader to a particular viewpoint, this sort of writing is called persuasive sometimes

Technical

Writing passes along precise information, usually about a specific topic, and usually in a formal or semi-formal style. Can use bullets and lists instead of paragraphs ex) explaining EXACTLY how to open a computer program.

Subheadings

appear below other headings, within the same category. Subheadings typically appear in a smaller typeface the headings. A single heading my have many subheadings, and some subheadings have subheadings. Allows reader to quickly skim

Subscript

ex) physics review magazine with a little 1 to the right of magazine. This would indicate footnote. Used in scholarly texts.

Sequence

ideas are commonly bulleted or numbered

Compass rose

indicates NESW. Sometimes there is just an arrow pointing up this should be north. the top of the map should indicate north, but this is not always the case, be careful.

Purpose

main reason for writing particular piece (narrative, expository, technical, persuasive)

entertain

most fiction novels serve purpose of entertainment

Biases

opinons based on beliefs that affect a person's ability to make fair, unclouded judgments or decisions. Ex: carpenter whoes father used certain brand of tool may have a bais towards that brand regardless of if there is a similar or better one.

stereotypes

oversimplified opinions that do not account for individual differences, about an entire group of people or things. Ex: Magazine may be perceived as liberal

express feelings

poetry is concerned with evoking feeling or emotion or story telling a scary story lol

Critical Reading

reading style in which a reader carefully analyzes the text judging its credibility and authors intentions.

Topic, and example

the GENERAL subject matter covered by the work. Ex) A book called depression: the rational solution, the topic would be mental health /depression

Comparison-contrast format

the author may present 2 different cases with the intent on making the reader consider the differences (or similarities) between 2 cases

Cause-effect format

the author normally presents an action first and then describes the effects that result (or may result) from that action

Text Structure

the way in which a given text is organized. Makes text easier to read such as problem and solution. Emphasized authors point.

Headings

titles that preface a section of text. heading advertise the subject of the text that is found beneath them, making it easier to skin the text or to search for a particular topic. Nonfictional works, in the table of contents. Very confusing when pattern broken, helpful if good pattern.

Inform

to inform reader about a fact, event, news paper articles fall into this category

Persuasive

writing tries to get reader to agree with the author.