Tech III - Midterm with Lines of Drive
8. According to the study by Descarreaux and Dugas, a significant increase in peak force and rate of force production occurred over what time period?
First 2 years
72. X-axis rotation is also known as __________.
Flexion/extension or left lateral glide/right lateral glide
44. Intraexaminer reliability for EP motion palpation is ___.
Good
59. Algometry has demonstrated __________ reliability & responsiveness, and __________ be used as a measureable outcome
Good, can
17. HVLA is an acronym for what?
High velocity, low amplitude
82. The loss of energy when a viscoelastic structure is subjected to repetitive cycles of loading & unloading is known as __________.
Hysteresis
42. What method of measuring gross range of motion has demonstrated consistent reproducibility within & between examiners?
Inclinometry
84. Flexion __________ the thoracic kyphosis.
Increases
55. Restriction of a joint at the end range of passive motion is usually a result of shortening in the__________.
Joint capsule & periarticular tissues
62. The area of study that describes the motion of a body, including displacement, velocity, and acceleration, without taking into account the forces that produce the motion is known as ____.
Kinematics
61. The study of mechanics that describes the effect of forces on the body is known as ____.
Kinetics
LOD for Thumb/spinous push?
L-M
a. At T5, a right rotation restriction (RRR) is detected with palpatory tenderness. The adjustment for this finding would be the same as an adjustment for the static National Diversified listing of __________.
LP (National diversified - R or L - side of body rotation, P (posterior), I or S)
c. At L3, a right rotation restriction and left lateral flexion restriction is detected with palpatory tenderness. The adjustment for this finding would be the same as an adjustment for the static National Diversified listing of __________.
LPS (National diversified - R or L - side of body rotation, P (posterior), I or S)
85. Capsular ligaments are relatively __________ in a joint's neutral position.
Lax
73. Y-axis rotation is also known as __________.
Left rotation/right rotation or axial distraction/axial compression
33. A__________ is an abbreviated description for describing abnormal joint position or movement.
Listing
20. For pelvic, lumbar, & thoracic adjusting, the table should be level with__________.
Middle or superior aspect of the knee
51. Joint play is evaluated with the joint in a __________ position.
Neutral
58. Currently in the literature, there is _________ justification for the routine use of radiographic spinal displacement analysis in clinical practice.
No
11. According to the study by Triano, Gissler, Forgie, & Milwid, what differences existed between male and female chiropractic students in HVLA force development?
No differences were found between sex
16. In order to compare effectiveness of different adjusting techniques, further classification of techniques by __________ should be explored.
Objective
75. A convex surface of a bone moving against a concave joint surface will exhibit __________ roll to slide motion
Opposite
63. ________ describes the motions of bones relative to the three cardinal planes of the body
Osteokinematics
10. According to the study by Descarreaux and Dugas, over what time period did global coordination index continue to improve?
Over a few years of clinical practice
LOD for pisiform/transferse push with hip extension?
P-A
LOD for bilteral/thenar transverse push?
P-A, I-S
LOD for crossed bilateral pisiform/transverse push (fencer's)?
P-A, I-S
LOD for bilateral hypothenar/transverse push?
P-A, I-S, scoop
LOD for crossed bilateral pisiform/transverse push?
P-A, I-S, torque
LOD for unilateral pisiform/transverse push?
P-A, L-M, I-S
LOD for ilia hypothenar/cotal push?
P-A, M-L
LOD for pisiform/transverse push (contralateral)?
P-A, M-L, I-S
LOD for pisiform/transverse push?
P-A, M-L, I-S
LOD for calcaneal/rib push?
P-A, M-L, S-I
b. At T5, a right rotation restriction (RRR) is detected with palpatory tenderness. The adjustment for this finding would be the same as an adjustment for the static Palmer Gonstead listing of __________.
PR (Palmar gonstead - based on spinous (2 or 3 letters) - P (posterior), L or R, I or S)
68. What type of force produces a translation?
Shear force
LOD for same-side pisiform/transverse drop?
A-P, I-S (slight)
LOD for opposite-side pisiform/transferse drop?
A-P, I-S(slight)
6. What is the highest risk component of a chiropractic adjustment?
Adjustive Thrust
26. Superficial tissues are commonly tractioned in the direction of __________ prior to the thrust.
Adjustive thrust (LOD)
80. Factors influencing whether plastic or elastic component of connective tissue is predominantly affected include __________, __________, and__________.
Amount of force, rate of loading, duration of force
64. _________ describes the motion that occurs between the articular surfaces of joints.
Arthrokinematics
50. Normal anatomical variance, congenital or developmental malformation, and compensation without dysfunction are all complicating factors to using the presence of __________ as the sole indicator for VSC.
Asymmetry
66. A lever is a rigid bar that pivots about a fixed point, called the ______.
Axis or fulcrum
60. The application of mechanical laws to living structures is known as ___.
Biomechanics
45. Inter & intraexaminer reliability for joint pain provocation tests is __________.
Fair to good
37. The degree to which a test actually evaluates what is intended is known as ____.
Validity
89. When more than __________ percent of the total force of a side posture adjustment is produced through the hand, cavitation is not likely to occur.
20%
13. According to the study by Ndetan, Rupert, Bae, & Singh, what is the overall risk of injury to chiropractic students either from being adjusted or adjusting?
31.5%
9. According to the study by Descarreaux and Dugas, at what point did peak force variability significantly decrease?
3rd year
71. How many degrees of freedom of movement do vertebrae exhibit?
6
19. According to the study by Holm & Rose, of the 40.1% of chiropractors who report being injured while working, what percent of those were injured while performing SMT?
66.7%
3. What percent of chiropractors use diversified style adjusting?
96.2%
65. A situation in which the distal segment of a kinematic chain is fixed to the earth or another immovable object is known as a __________.
Closed kinematic chain
24. In a short-lever chiropractic adjustment, the segmental contact is located where?
Contact at or near the level of the dysfunctional joint
81. The progressive strain of a material when exposed to a constant load over time is known as __________.
Creep
69. A motion that combines rotational movement and translational movement is known as ____.
Curvilinear motion
83. Extension __________ the thoracic kyphosis.
Decreases
12. According to the study by Triano, Gissler, Forgie, & Milwid, at greater levels of experience the total force amplitude _________ while the rate of force application __________.
Decreases, Increases
49. Lumbar mamillary processes are not directly palpable. They are located by a sense of __________ palpated through the overlying muscle layer.
Deep resistance
7. The decrease in preload force immediately before the thrust is known as the __________.
Downward incisural point (DIP)
77. Elongation in tissue produced by tensile loading being recovered after the load is removed describes __________.
Elastic deformation
28. When performing a recoil style thrust, the vector is determined by orientation of the Dr.'s __________ in relation to the contact point on the patient.
Episternal notch
27. The HVLA force associated with SMT is designed to induce joint distraction and cavitation without_______.
Exceeding the limits of anatomic joint motion
d. At L3, a right rotation restriction and left lateral flexion restriction is detected with palpatory tenderness. The adjustment for this finding would be the same as an adjustment for the static Palmer Gonstead listing of __________.
PRI ( Palmar gonstead - based on spinous (2 or 3 letters) - P (posterior), L or R, I or S)
52. End play is evaluated near its
PROM
53. The extra motion that is possible in a joint after cavitation is known as the __________.
Paraphysiologic space
29. A doctor takes a moment to assess the degree of established joint tension and tissue resistance before thrusting. What is the best term to describe this type of thrust?
Pause thrust
57. Marked or persistent pain upon _________ may indicate fracture or nonmechanical pathology.
Percussion
88. Forces applied that deviated from __________ do not contributed significantly to vertebral movement
Perpendicular
43. Interexaminer reliability for segmental ROM palpation & end feel (EP) is generally ___.
Poor
30. Patients are allowed to present directly to a chiropractor's office if they feel it would benefit them, without the need for a referral. What type of health care provider does this make a chiropractor?
Portal-of-entry provider
14. According to the study by Bisiacchi, what type of adjustment were chiropractic students most confident performing?
Prone thoracic adjustments
4. Development of organized patterns of muscular activities guided by signals from the environment is known as a __________.
Psychomotor skill
2. Cleveland Comprehensive Methods teaches techniques that come from which different chiropractic techniques?
Recoil, diversified, and Gonstead
15. When used in the treatment of vertebral subluxation complex (VSC), the adjustive thrust or mobilization is typically delivered in the direction of the __________.
Reduced joint motion
36. The reproducibility or consistency of measurement or diagnosis between more than one examiners is known as __________.
Reliability
38. The ability of a diagnostic procedure to reflect improvement or worsening in the condition or function it is measuring is known as ___.
Responsiveness
74. Z-axis rotation is also known as __________.
Right lateral flexion/left lateral flexion or anterior glide/posterior glide
41. Postural assessment has demonstrated __________reliability & validity as a screening procedure for distinguishing back pain subjects from normal ones.
Satisfactory
40. Examination of any complaint begins with ___.
Superficial observation
34. All listings are described with the relationship of the __________ vertebra compared with the __________ vertebra.
Superior, inferior
1. According to the ACA, what is the most common therapeutic procedure performed by chiropractors?
The most common therapeutic procedure performed by doctors of chiropractic is known as "spinal manipulation," also called chiropractic adjustment."
76. A concave surface of a bone moving against a convex joint surface will exhibit __________ roll to slide motion.
The same
67. What type of force produces a rotational movement?
Torque
39. The value a procedure has in directing effective patient care is known as ___.
Utility
70. Compressive forces in the spine primarily affect which structures?
Vertebral body and IVD
87. If there is too long of a moment arm on the doctor, what is the most likely mechanism for a resultant decrease in force?
a. Energy leak most likely into glenohumeral flexion due to pec major
22. What are characteristics of a correctly performed toggle stance?
a. Feet almost parallel and angled at 90 degrees b. Feet shoulder width apart c. Slight bend in the knees d. Neck in a neutral alignment with the torso e. Pelvis rotated forward f. Lumbar lordosis maintained
23. What are the characteristics of a correctly performed fencer's stance?
a. Feet parallel to the table b. Leg closest to the table towards foot of the table c. Knees bent d. Back heel off the floor
32. According to Faye, what aspect of the 5 component model of VSC does SMT directly affect?
a. Kinesiopathology directly and the other components of the VSC indirectly
31. What are the five components of the Faye model of VSC?
a. Neuropathophysiology - facilitation, degernation, decreased axoplasmic flow b. Kinesiopathology - hypomobility, hypermobility, loss of joint play c. Myopathology - spasm, atonia d. Histopathology - inflammation e. Biochemical changes - hormonal & chemical effects
18. What are the possible effects of improper patient positioning prior to SMT?
a. Patient may be apprehensive and unlikely to relax b. Doctor left at a mechanical disadvantage and/or in a position or increased risk on injury c. Failure to develop joint preadjustive tension, adjustive localization and efficiency
86. Know the five methods to increase force production. (Example - True/False - Lengthening the moment arm on the doctor is a plausible mechanism for increasing force production.)
a. Shorten moment arms on doctor (perpendicular to contact) b. Lengthen moment arms on patient (knee, thigh, pelvis) c. Use momentum of doctor and patient (drop, don't stop) d. Use impact (drop and impact) e. Minimize energy leaks through doctors joints (tighten core, lock elbow, stabilize shoulder to trunk)
25. What types of adjustments are most likely to lead to suspicion of inappropriate contact from an uninformed patient's point of view?
a. Supine thoracic adjustments and side-posture lumbar or pelvic adjustments
5. What are the four stages of competence?
a. Unconsciously unskilled b. Consciously unskilled c. Consciously skilled d. Unconsciously skilled
56. Capsular end play, such as in the facet joints of the spine, should feel like
an increasing sense of resistance as it is approached, followed by a second firmer resistance as its limits are approached.
21. When performing manual SMT, the Dr.'s center of gravity should be located ____.
as close to contact as possible & positioned so body weight can establish preadjustive tension
54. Restriction of a joint in AROM is usually a result of ___.
myofascial shortening (muscle splinting, hypertrophy, aging, contracture)__________.