Technology - Sect. 6: Applying Tech: Communicating Information & Ideas

satellite communication

1 part is receiver and 1 part is transmitter. Allows 1 transmitter site to cover more earth. Receives reflected waves

preparing offset lithographic images

1. pasteup converted into negative & mounted on paper 2. paper cut away to create a flat. 3. flat placed on top of a sheet of metal with light-sensitive coating. 4. flat-and-plate assembly placed in vacuum table that holds them together. Exposed to light. Image on negative allows light to pass through and expose sections of plate. Plate chemically developed, producing image carrier.

thumbnail sketches

1st part of layout. Allow graphic designer to experiment with arrangements of copy and illustrations.

rough sketches

2nd part of layout. Integrate and refine ideas generated in thumbnails.

comprehensive layout

3rd part of layout. Layout for final design

electricity

A form of energy caused by the movement of electrons.

multiplexing

A form of transmission that allows multiple signals to travel simultaneously over one medium.

conductor

A material that allows heat and electricity to pass through it.

amplitude modulation (AM)

A method of transmitting (encodes) signals by changing the amplitude of a wave. (540-1600kHz)

Frequency Modulation (FM)

A method of transmitting (encodes) signals by changing the frequency of a wave.

electrostatic printing

A printing process that relies upon a charge of static electricity to transfer the message from the plate to the paper. An example is photocopy machine. Image to be copied placed on a drum. Reflected light off drum creates electrically charged likeness of image. Toner attracted to charged image. Heating unit fuses toner onto it.

Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM)

A process of keeping individual phone calls separate by adding a different frequency multiplier to each phone call, making it possible to separate phone calls by their unique frequency range.

carrier frequency

Any electromagnetic frequency that can be modulated to transmit speech, music, images, or signals. What you tune radio to receive station.

panchromatic film

Black and white film that is sensitive to all visible wavelengths. Records colors as shades of gray

transducers

Devices that convert one kind of energy into another

negative film

Type of photographic film in which the film that is exposed in the camera creates an opposite image. A positive print must be made from the camera negative.

halftones

What all photographs are changed into for printing, since they cannot be directly used in printing processes. Create a negative of picture with photograph exposed. When printed, tones in photograph changed to series of dots. Color photos separated into 4 printers (masters)- yellow, magenta, cyan, black.

shutter

a device that opens and closes to expose the film in a camera.

stop bath

acid solution used between the developer and the fixer to stop the action of the developer and preserve the effectiveness of the fixer

radiowaves

an electromagnetic wave that has the longest wavelength and has the least energy

interference

anything that impacts or impairs accurate communication

design

appearance/look of page

induction

as lines of force increase and decrease in strength, cause electrons to flow in adjacent wire.

very high frequency

assigned to channels 2-13. Can broadcast a greater distance.

formal balance

both sides close to mirror image

viewfinder system

camera lense and viewing port are separate.

ultrahigh frequency

channels 14-83

ink jet printing

computer generates the printed message. Directs special printer that sprays fine drops of ink onto paper.

desktop publishing

computer system that produces type and illustration layouts for printed messages.

analog signals

continuous waves that transmit information by altering the amplitude and frequency of the waves

distance and scope

create panoramic view

preparing gravure image carriers

cylinder has image engraved onto it w/scanner. Reflects light off copy. Light intensity picked up with sensor. Light reflected communicates to computer the carve pattern.

audience assessment

determine who audience is & interests

wavelength

distance from beginning to end of one wave cycle. Determines whether wave falls into visible range & color.

Time Division Multiplexing (TDM)

divides time into brief segments (bits). Assigns bit to timeslot. Receiver collects all the bits and sorts.

relief message transfer

done on flexographic press. Transfers ink from reservoir to application, or anilox roll. Roll distributes thin coating of ink on raised surface of plate. As plate revolved, contacts web of paper that is passing over impression roll.

channel

electromagnetic waves broadcast through air, electric signals carried by wire, pulses of light on fiber optics, or printed text on paper

direct current

electrons flow in one direction along conductor

contrast

emphasize portions of message

hard-wired system

ex:telephone. - micrphone changes sound waves to electrical impulses. Coded message is frequency and duration. - permanent waveguide connect sender and receive (copper wire, fiber optic conductor) - signals transferred back onto wire or cable

film feeding system

film held in position behind shutter. After shot, film advances

rhythm

flow of communication

lense

focus light on the film. Inverts the image

digital signals

generates, stores, processes, transmits data with positive and nonpositive electrical states (0&1)

amplitude

height of wave. Indicate its strength and intensity

f-stop number

identifies size of aperture. As f-stop increases, aperture size decreases

transmitted wave

if wave passes through material. specular - passes directly through. diffuse - bends light's path

pasteup/mechanical

illustrations or photographs pasted into the exact position in which they will appear in the final ad. Black and white printing requires one pasteup for each image carrier (printing plate or screen). Color printing requires one pasteup for each color.

modulation

info added to wavelength. Vary amplitude (AM) or frequency (FM)

balance

info on both sides of centerline appear equal

variety

makes message unique

substrate

material printing is applied to

hertz

measurement of frequency

idea

mental image of what a person thinks something should be

encoding

message changed into form that can be transmitted

gravure/itaglio printing

message etched or scribed into surface of image carrier. Paper set tightly against carrier.

transmitted

message sent to receive. Involves channel & carrier

gravure printing message transfer

metal drum suspended in tray of ink. Blade wipes off access. Roll contacts substrate and transfers ink

duplex system

mobile communication system - use 2 frequencies/channels. Base unit transmits on one frequency, mobile unit replies on another.

simplex system

mobile communication system - use same frequency, channel for both base and mobile transmissions (1 way transmission)

electronic publishing

more complex than desktop publishing, can function as typesetting and layout system. Produce and combine text and illustrations into one layout.

electromagnetic force

movement of electrons in conductor creates magnetic lines of force

direct waves

must have open line of site, antennas places ~60 miles due to earth curvature

contact printing

negative placed on light-sensitive paper. Exposed to bright light. Paper removed and developed following same steps for developing film.

harmony

notes blending together to form pleasing sound

frequency

number of cycles (complete wavelengths) that pass a point in 1 sec.

receiver

other end of communication channel. Gathers & decodes message

direction

path the light wave travels

layout

physical act of designing message

offset lithography message transfer

plate cylinder holds message carrier, dampening system applies water based solution (fountain solution), inking system applies ink to plate's surface, impression system accepts substrate, then moves through printing unit onto delivery unit.

copy

printed text/graphic communication

relief printing

printmaking techniques in which the image is printed from the raised areas of the printmaking block.

lithographic printing/offset lithography

prints from a flat surface, based on principle that oil & water don't mix. Oil holds onto ink. Transferred to roller then the paper. Most widely used methods

positive transparencies

produce actual view, such that it can be viewed directly through a slide or projector

typesetting

produces the words of message (font, serifs, justification)

diaphragm/aperture control

regulates amount of light that can enter camera at a given moment

fixing

removes unexposed crystals remaining in film. Makes image permanent.

broadcast systems

send radio waves through air, carrying signal from sender to receiver.

filmstrips

series of transparencies designed to be viewed one at a time

projection printing

shine light through negative onto photographic paper, enlarger adjusts and controls print size and focus.

informal balance

sides don't mirror each other

remote link system

signal produced at remote location. onsite camera & transmitter transmit signal (truck antenna)

slides

single transparencies to be viewed independently

proportion

size of parts of design

illustration prep

sizing and converting line art or photographs. Enlarged or reduced to fit.

reflect

specular - angle at which wave struck object is the same. diffuse - angle changes

stopping

stops chemical action of developer

communication technology

system that uses technical means to transmit info or data from one place to another

motion picture

transparencies shot over span of time

casting

used to prepare relief image carriers. Uses mold that is formed & cured around metal type. Filled w/plastic material.

etching

used to prepare relief image carriers. negative of image placed over light sensitive material. Material exposed through open areas. Chemical hardens & detergent washed away unexposed area.

Cameron press

used to print books. Prints with a flexography belt which contains all pages of book.

television system

uses FM to send audtiona nd AM to send picture

developing

uses chemicals to alter light-sensitive crystals in emulsion.

letterpress

uses metal plates/metal type as image carrier for relief printing

single-lens reflex system

uses prisms & mirrors that allow operator to look directly through camera. More accurate.

flexography printing

uses rubber/plastic image carrier for relief printing. 2% of all printing

digital photography

uses series of lenses to focus light & create image. Images recorded on digital sensor array.

screen printing

uses stencils with opening in shape of message. Squeegee pulls across stencil with ink.

point of interest

where eye is drawn