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residential nominees may select vice presidential running-mates for each of the following reasons except: states with the most electoral votes. "swing" states. states where they expect to win. states where they expect the other candidate to win.

"swing" states.

__________ is a concept which says that ordinary people do not have a say in making important political decisions. Elitism Pluralism Factionalism Bureaucracy

Elitism

Each of the following is true of equal rights except: Some but not all people believe equal treatment means making exceptions for people who have suffered discrimination. People disagree over the means to achieving equal treatment under the law. Some but not all people believe equal treatment means treating everyone in the same manner. Equal treatment materializes naturally without government intervention.

Equal treatment materializes naturally without government intervention.

Economic interest groups rarely benefit from favorable government action on things like taxes and trade policy. True False

False

In the role as head of state, the president is the civilian head of the armed forces and has final authority to commit troops to combat. True False

False

Lobbying strategies rely on maintaining an open door to contacts in the judicial and executive branches. True False

False

The FCC is directed by seven commissioners who serve at the will of the president. True False

False

Which of the following statements accurately describes the system for public funding of presidential candidates? If you opt to participate in the system, a small contribution from your income tax return is placed in the Presidential Election Campaign Fund. If you opt to participate in the system, a $3 surcharge is added to your income tax payment. If you are a taxpayer, you are required to participate in the system. When you pay your taxes, you get to check whether you want public money to support Republicans, Democrats, or both.

If you opt to participate in the system, a small contribution from your income tax return is placed in the Presidential Election Campaign Fund.

"Yellow journalism" is associated with Karl Marx working as a foreign correspondent. the activist writings of Horace Greeley. John Fenno publishing the Gazette of the United States. Joseph Pulitzer's sensational coverage of the Spanish-American Wa

Joseph Pulitzer's sensational coverage of the Spanish-American War.

The largest minority group in the United States is Asian Americans. Native Americans. African Americans. Latinos.

Latinos.

In the 1830s, the party press began to give way to the penny press for each of the following reasons except: Readers began to demand objective reporting. Technological advances were taking place. Printing costs began to fall. Manufacturing growth caused an explosion in advertising.

Readers began to demand objective reporting.

Which political party is the nation's oldest continually operating political party? The Socialist Party The Democratic Party The Republican Party The Federalist Party

The Democratic Party

Affirmative action is at its most controversial when it seeks to make group characteristics a criterion for hiring decisions. True False

True

The promise of equal treatment under the law is at the heart of policies on civil rights. True False

True

The winner of the presidential election is the candidate who receives a plurality of the electoral votes. all the electoral votes based on winning a plurality of the popular votes. a majority of the popular votes and a majority of the electoral votes. a majority of the electoral votes.

a majority of the electoral votes.

Social Security is a redistributive program that looks like a redistributive program. a distributive program that looks like a redistributive program a distributive program that looks like a distributive program. a redistributive program that looks like a distributive program.

a redistributive program that looks like a distributive program.

The relationship between reporters and political figures is best characterized as adversarial and symbiotic. adversarial and parasitic. parasitic and dependent. symbiotic and parasitic.

adversarial and symbiotic.

Candidates use negative advertising because advertising consultants believe negative advertising wins votes. negative ads are more effective than "comparative ads." it's an effective way to get people to like them. voters like negative ads.

advertising consultants believe negative advertising wins votes.

Interest groups are visible to most people because most Americans pay a lot of attention to politics. permit access to the system by running candidates for public office. compete with political parties by giving people another way to make demands on government. are less visible links to the political system than the media and political parties.

are less visible links to the political system than the media and political parties.

Public attitudes about poverty are stable, with most people saying we spend too much on welfare programs. have a stable economic dimension, with most people saying we spend too much on welfare programs, and a variable moral dimension. are variable. are stable, with most people equating poverty with laziness.

are variable.

Interest groups might want to publicize the voting record of members of Congress to remind members of Congress that the interest group is there. as an implicit threat that group members will vote against legislators who have not supported their interests. to signal that campaign contributions will be coming their way for supporting the group's agenda. to support them for reelection.

as an implicit threat that group members will vote against legislators who have not supported their interests.

In the United States, political parties are organized at the national, state, and local levels. at the national and state levels only. at the national level only. at the state and local levels only.

at the national, state, and local levels.

Electoral systems with proportional representation award representation to parties that do not win. encourage the formation of two parties. inflate the percentage of representation awarded to the winner of the election. typically have legislative districts represented by one person.

award representation to parties that do not win.

Southern Democrats upset over their party's civil rights platform were the major source of support for John Anderson's 1980 independent presidential candidacy. found they had no place else to go and remained in the Democratic Party. defeated President Truman in 1948 behind "Dixiecrat" alternative Strom Thurmond, began a permanent departure from the Democratic Party behind the 1968 American Independent Party candidacy of George Wallace.

began a permanent departure from the Democratic Party behind the 1968 American Independent Party candidacy of George Wallace.

When comparing political parties and interest groups, it could be said that only political parties were anticipated by the framers of the Constitution. both could be regarded as factions. both operate outside the political system. both form around narrowly defined issues.

both could be regarded as factions.

Which of the following is an example of "narrowcasting"? the media have lost an important constitutional protection. news divisions at large corporations became qualitatively different from divisions that manufacture refrigerators. media organizations have been free to overlook the concerns of stockholders. broadcast outlets have less incentive to supply the information people need to make intelligent political choices.

broadcast outlets have less incentive to supply the information people need to make intelligent political choices.

Which of the following is not a mass medium? television newspapers cell phones the Internet

cell phones

Licensing television stations is an example of a distributive policy. competitive regulatory policy. protective regulatory policy. redistributive policy.

competitive regulatory policy.

If policymakers were to rely on public opinion polls when making domestic policy, they would find the instructions they get from the public are direct, with a clear mandate for higher taxes and more government spending. confusing, with a contradictory mandate for lower taxes and continued government spending. confusing, with a contradictory mandate for higher taxes and continued government spending. direct, with a clear mandate for lower taxes and less government spending.

confusing, with a contradictory mandate for lower taxes and continued government spending.

Political forces that make deficit spending hard to stop include each of the following except: differences between conservatives and liberals over whether to cut spending or raise taxes. interest group pressure to protect existing programs. pressure on Congress to spend money on popular programs. constituent pressure to balance the budget.

constituent pressure to balance the budget.

The largest number of interest groups are economic groups. public interest groups. single-interest groups. ideological groups

economic groups.

The Great Depression ended one period of Republican party domination of national politics while beginning another. ended a long period of Democratic Party activism. made a hero of President Herbert Hoover. ended seventy years of Republican Party domination of national politics.

ended seventy years of Republican Party domination of national politics.

Well into the nineteenth century, women in the United States were expected to have the protection and guidance of a man in every significant aspect of life. not permitted to own property. not permitted to hold a job or earn a salary. afforded the same rights and social standing as slaves.

expected to have the protection and guidance of a man in every significant aspect of life.

Interest groups are legally forbidden from coordinating their efforts with political parties. True False

false

Political party platforms are widely read by voters. True False

false

Single-issue parties form because the electoral system encourages the formation of third parties. True False

false

The closer states are to the end of the primary calendar, the more influence they have over the selection of the party nominee. True False

false

The free exercise clause is the basis for the protection of separation between church and state. True False

false

Each of the following is an argument in favor of foreign aid except: foreign aid promotes international economic growth. foreign aid maintains international stability. foreign aid is relatively inexpensive. foreign aid encourages greater isolationism.

foreign aid encourages greater isolationism.

Flag burning is specifically prohibited by the Constitution. is prohibited by constitutional amendment. is illegal under the Flag Protection Act of 1989. has been upheld as constitutional symbolic expression by the Supreme Court.

has been upheld as constitutional symbolic expression by the Supreme Court.

Most civil liberties expressed in the Constitution appear in passages about slavery. as protections afforded by individual states. in Article I. in the Bill of Rights.

in the Bill of Rights.

Due process is a set of procedures protecting individuals against arbitrary actions of the government. the government against claims by individuals. states against arbitrary actions of the federal government. the federal government against claims by states.

individuals against arbitrary actions of the government.

Jim Crow laws were imposed by the North on the South during Reconstruction. informally segregated the South. institutionalized segregation nationwide. institutionalized segregation in the South.

institutionalized segregation in the South.

Diplomacy applies to regional rather than global issues. is primarily used to avoid foreign policy crises. is the last line of defense in a crisis. is an ongoing activity.

is an ongoing activity.

The domestic political fallout of foreign policy decisions only matters in the response to a crisis situation. is unpredictable. is easy to predict. does not influence the development of foreign policy.

is unpredictable.

For an organization to be a political party, each of the following requirements is necessary except: it needs to compete in elections. it has to be highly organized. it needs to be a group. it needs to operate under a label.

it has to be highly organized.

The War Powers Act of 1973 gives Congress the power to declare war. limit the president's military authority. wage war. prevent the president from declaring war.

limit the president's military authority.

The Federal Election Commission is a nonpartisan commission that writes election laws. nonpartisan commission that oversees election laws. partisan commission that writes election laws. partisan commission that oversees election laws.

nonpartisan commission that oversees election laws.

Former members of Congress often become lobbyists because they are white, male Protestants. are lawyers. are likely to be Democrats, offer easy access to official Washington.

offer easy access to official Washington.

One characteristic that distinguishes most American media from media in other Western democracies is that American media are not affected by ratings or circulation figures. subsidized by the government. privately owned. unregulated.

privately owned.

The federal income tax is a retrogressive tax. progressive tax. flat tax. regressive tax.

progressive tax.

If the drinking age were raised to 21 from 18, which of the following would protect you from being found guilty of a crime if you were 18 and purchased alcohol before the law was changed? prohibition of ex post facto laws bills of attainder exclusionary rule no suspension of habeas corpus writ

prohibition of ex post facto laws

"Fifth Amendment rights" commonly refer to protection against excessive bail. protection against self-incrimination. the right to a speedy public trial. protection against cruel and unusual punishment.

protection against self-incrimination.

The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) established trade barriers for goods, services, and intellectual property. promoted tariffs as a means of protecting domestic workers. promoted tariffs as a means of increasing international trade. required equal treatment for international trade partners.

required equal treatment for international trade partners.

The "Red Power" movement of the 1960s and 1970s did little to compensate for centuries of civil rights abuses against Native Americans. resulted in the recognition of tribal sovereignty and the right of self-government on reserved lands. failed to focus attention on the plight of Native Americans. moved the concerns of Native Americans to the top of the civil rights agenda

resulted in the recognition of tribal sovereignty and the right of self-government on reserved lands.

Contemporary presidential campaigns last for one year. ten months, from January to Election Day. three months, from Labor Day to Election Day. several years.

several years.

The immediate result of sit-ins and freedom rides was growing sympathy for a civil rights agenda from southern elected officials. mob violence that was held in check by local authorities. small legislative victories and increased violence. increased violence without any obvious progress toward desegregation.

small legislative victories and increased violence.

For much of the nineteenth century, the process of selecting delegates to national party conventions was largely controlled by state party bosses. a combination of national party elites and rank-and-file voters. national party elites. rank-and-file voters.

state party bosses.

What is the typical relationship among strategic, military, and diplomatic policies? there is no relationship among the three. military policies guide strategic and diplomatic planning. diplomatic policies guide military and strategic planning. strategic policies guide military and diplomatic planning.

strategic policies guide military and diplomatic planning.

Ideological parties form because their supporters believe they can win elections. they are led by a charismatic figure. the electoral system encourages the formation of third parties supporters want the opportunity to publicize their views.

supporters want the opportunity to publicize their views.

A key to the effectiveness of the civil rights movement was that local officials put pressure on national officials to take action. people respond to violent tactics. whites began to appreciate that they would have difficulty with literacy tests. television broadcast the brutality of segregation to America.

television broadcast the brutality of segregation to America.

Those who advocate broad standards for determining what material is permissible to post online argue it is easy to encounter offensive material though unclear or deceptive links. the Internet is not an invasive medium. there is legislative protection against distributing obscenity, and Congress can restrict interstate transmission of material it deems offensive. the Internet makes everything available for anyone to find, whether or not they are looking for it.

the Internet is not an invasive medium.

One resource available to reporters in their effort to shape the news agenda is centralized media ownership. message discipline. the ability to shape substantive messages. the ability to frame the story.

the ability to frame the story.

The chief responsibility for American foreign policy rests with the Supreme Court. the bureaucracy. Congress. the president.

the president.

A significant, lasting, long-term shift in the groups that identify with political parties is called a realignment. True False

true

A writ of habeas corpus allows people who believe they have been imprisoned against their constitutional rights to petition the court for their release. True False

true

After the women's rights movement secured the right to vote, activists turned their attention to securing social equality for women, which turned out to be a more controversial objective . True False

true

Americans rank at the top of industrialized nations in the belief that private or individual initiative is often preferable to public solutions to social problems. True False

true

Greenpeace and Amnesty International are examples of nongovernmental organizations. True False

true

One reason why many Americans react differently to distributive and redistributive policies is redistributive policies raise deeply held doubts about equality of outcome. True False

true

Regulatory policy is necessary because the quest to maximize self-interest can have undesirable consequences for society. True False

true

Some third parties that endure from election to election form around a concern for a particular issue rather than a broad ideology. True False

true

The Vietnam War was a proxy war fought between nations aligned with the two cold war superpowers. True False

true

The right to privacy and the freedom to associate are both implied civil liberties. True False

true

The time between when a candidate does something and when it ends up in the news, or the news cycle, is so short as to be in some cases instantaneous (for example, you can turn CNN on any time). True False

true

Today's media environment is characterized by many media outlets and few media owners. True False

true

Transfer payments are federal payments to individuals who qualify for assistance. True False

true

Unlike a primary, which is a secret ballot, caucus participants make their preferences public. True False

true

Critics of the role of money in politics might contend that public interest groups have less money than business groups, which is why they are ineffective. wealthy groups concerned with protecting the status quo prevent public officials from debating changes that could benefit the national interest. groups that spend a lot of money always get what they want. elected officials act boldly because they know that PAC money flows to courageous politicians.

wealthy groups concerned with protecting the status quo prevent public officials from debating changes that could benefit the national interest.

In the 1966 case Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court concluded that arresting officers may use the words of a defendant against them in court. witness interrogation is inherently intimidating. most defendants are aware of their Fifth Amendment rights. an attorney must be provided to anyone who cannot afford one

witness interrogation is inherently intimidating.