Test 1 1-4

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding skin?

Melanocytes and keratinocytes are two skin cell types that are prevalent in the epidermis

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding nucleotides?

Nucleotides are bonded together by covalent bonds between the sugars and the phosphates.

A researcher is studying a newly discovered toxin. The effect of this toxin is to block the action of the sodium-potassium pump. What prediction can be made about the effect of this toxin on cell volume?

The cell volume will increase as water flows into the cell by osmosis.

In science, graphs are often used to display data collected from an experiment. Which one of the following is TRUE regarding a graph?

The dependent variable is plotted on the y-axis.

If human white blood cells were extracted from the circulatory system, and then placed into an isotonic solution, which one of the following is most likely to occur?

There will be no change in the cells because the isotonic environment is in equilibrium with the cells.

Which one of the following best explains how water moves freely across a plasma membrane?

Water moves through protein-lined channels in the plasma membrane.

The most important physical characteristic of lipids with regard to living organisms is that they

are hydrophobic

The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom can best be determined by

atomic mass

Isotopes of an element have the same ________, but different ________.

atomic number; atomic masses

Which one of the following best describes the proper sequence of steps involved in the scientific method? a. state hypothesis b. observe c. experiment d. support or disprove hypothesis e. form a prediction

b, a, e, c, d

An example of potential energy is/are

bonds that hold atoms together

Which one of the following structures is characteristic of BOTH eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells?

cell membrane

During cell division, it is essential that the genetic material be distributed equally to the two daughter cells. This is accomplished through the participation of which one of the following organelles?

centrioles

Which plasma membrane component provides mechanical strength and maintains the correct amount for rigidity and flexibility?

cholesterol

Radioisotopes have a number of uses in science and medicine. These uses include which one of the following?

dating fossils and treating cancer

lactose is a

disaccharide

Positive feedback control occurs

during the process of childbirth (labor)

Which one of the following steps in the breakdown of glucose can occur without oxygen?

glycolysis

Some of the enzymes stored in peroxisomes are used to break down

hydrogen peroxide

There are different types of microscopes that can be used to provide information about cells. Which type of microscope is used for the observation of living cells?

light microscope

Which one of the following wraps around, supports, and holds organs in proper position within the body?

loose areolar tissue

Which one of the following structures is part of the internal cytoskeleton that supports a cell?

microtubules and microfilaments

To increase the surface area of some cells, the plasma membrane possesses

microvilli.

All of the following are functions of cartilage EXCEPT which one?

mineral (calcium, phosphorus) storage

To move solutes like amino acids into a cell by active transport, the cell

must possess appropriate transport proteins in the plasma membrane.

What kind of cells make up the basement membrane?

no cells, the basement membrane is an acellular structure, composed of protein

A student has isolated a large compound (macromolecule) from cells. Chemical analysis of the compound shows that it is made up of the following elements: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. To which group of macromolecules does this compound most likely belong?

nucleic acid

In the cell, proteins that are synthesized for immediate use by the cell are normally produced

on free-floating ribosomes.

Assume that you ate a salad that contained some compounds that upset your stomach but still managed to be absorbed and eventually moved into liver cells. The plant compounds are noxious and potentially toxic to the liver cells. Which organelle in the liver cells would be expected to target and detoxify the plant compounds?

perixisome

Molecules such as water are referred to as ________ because they are electrically neutral overall but still have partially charged regions

polar molecules

Which one of the following is characteristic of an exocrine gland but NOT of an endocrine gland?

releases its products into a duct

Part complete Active transport is like facilitated diffusion in that both processes

require the presence of proteins in the plasma membrane that move molecules from one side of the plasma membrane to the other

Vasoconstriction is a term that refers to the contraction of muscle in the walls of the blood vessels, thus causing the diameter of the blood vessel to decrease. Which one of the following types of muscle would be involved in this contraction?

smooth

A cell that lacked smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) would be unable to __________.

synthesize lipids

The molecule acetyl CoA is completely broken down into carbon dioxide, hydrogen ions, and electrons in which one of the following processes?

the citric acid cycle

All of these criteria are used to classify an organism as a member of the plant, animal, or fungi kingdom EXCEPT which one?

the means by which the organism transports itself

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are able to pass through the plasma membrane of a cell because

they are small and nonpolar and readily pass between phospholipids.

A group of cells that are similar in structure and work together to perform a common function are referred to as a(n)

tissue

Which one of the following functions is associated with one type of connective tissue?

transport

Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and an atomic mass of 35. Therefore, chlorine has ________ electrons and ________ neutrons.

17; 18

Which one of the following statements regarding scientific theory is FALSE?

A scientific theory is a speculation as to the possible outcome of an experiment.

Each of the following statements is a basic principle of the cell doctrine EXCEPT which one of the following?

All cells have a nucleus and organelles

Each of the following statements about carbon is TRUE EXCEPT which one?

Carbon can form strong hydrogen bonds with other elements.

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding metabolism?

Catabolic pathways result in the release of energy.

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding macromolecules?

Cells use certain macromolecules to store energy.

Which one of the following experiments would be considered acceptable in our society?

Determining the response of a patient's "incurable" cancer to a newly developed cancer drug.

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding electrons, shells, and energy?

Electrons are located in shells around the nucleus.

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding the sodium-potassium pump?

In order to maintain a certain cell volume, the sodium-potassium pump exchanges three sodium ions for two potassium ions.