Test 1
The four principal ocean basins (plus an additional ocean) on Earth are the:
Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans
What is the mantle?
Contains minerals rich in iron and magnesium, between the crust and the core, and has the second largest volume according to the chemical classification
Oceanic crust is less dense than continental crust because it is made of silica and manganese. T/F
False
The three major provinces of the ocean floor are continental margins, deep-ocean basins, and submarine canyons. T/F
False
the magnetic north pole has remained very close to the geographic North Pole throughout all of geologic time. T/F
False
tectonic plates are pieces of the _____ that float on the more fluid ______ below
Lithosphere, mesosphere
What is a Mesosphere?
Lower portion of the mantle that is rigid
most large earthquakes occur along which of the following?
Ocean trenches
What is the crust?
Outermost portion of the earth composed largely of the igneous rocks basalt and granite
What is an Asthenosphere
Plastic (capable of flow) portion of the upper mantle beneath the lithosphere
the correct order of the Wilson cycle
Red Sea, Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Himalaya mountains
large volcanoes on the seafloor that are cone-shaped on top because they never reached sea-level are called___
Seamounts
the method that is used most frequently to investigate sediment and rock layers of the sea floor is_____.
Sound waves (specifically from seismic reflecting profiling)
What is a Mid-ocean ridge?
Spreading center
What is a Island Arc
Subduction zone
What is a tench?
Subduction zone
The relatively young age of the seafloor supports the idea that subduction must take place. T/F
True
a rift valley may be associated with divergent plate boundaries. T/F
True
layers of the earth separated based on density differences. T/F
True
What is a continental shelf?
a generally flat zone extending from the shore to the shelf break
Radioactive materials can sometimes be used to determine the
ages of rocks
oceanic crust is primarily
basalt
Which of the following statements regarding continental and oceanic crust is true?
continental crust is thicker and less dense than oceanic crust
What is a lithosphere?
crust and the uppermost mantle consisting of a solid rock layer
active continental margins are characterized by the following
deep-sea trenches
The separation of the Earth into layers while it was molten was the result of the
differing densities of the elements that make up the Earth
the mid-atlantic ridge is an example of a
divergent plate boundary
The San-Andreas fault
is a continental transform fault
transform faults have all of the following characteristics except
movement occurs in the same direction
The Hawaiian Islands are located where the pacific plate is
moving over a hotspot or mantle plume
What is a submarine canyon
narrow and deep valleys on continental slopes
The seafloor magnetic pattern is best described as
parallel to and symmetric about mid-ocean ridges
the seafloor magnetic pattern is best described as______.
parallel torn but not symmetric about mid-ocean ridges
fossils of ancient polar plants are currently found near the equator because ______
plants lived near the poles, but landmasses have drifted to current locations
what is a linear sea floor feature that is seismically active, occurs between offset mid-ocean ridge segments, and the relative movement between two points on either side of the feature is in the opposite direction?
transform fault
Underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and debris are
turbidity currents
Which of the following is characteristic of continental-continental convergent plate boundaries
uplifted mountain ranges
the scientific method includes all of the following EXCPET
validation of a theory
Which of the following is characteristic of oceanic- oceanic convergent plate boundaries
volcanic island arcs
The average depth of the worlds oceans is approximately
3,682 meters
Alfred Wegener's continental drift hypothesis received much hostile criticism and ridicule from the scientific community because of which of the following?
The mechanism he proposed for the movement of the conitnents
Abyssal plains are more extensive on the seafloor of the atlantic Ocean basin as compared to those of the seafloor of the Pacific Ocean basin. T/F
True
Earth developed the first ocean by about 4 billion years ago. T/F
True
Oceans with passive plate margins have continental slopes with more gradual slopes than oceans with active plate margins. T/F
True
What is a continental margin
shallow water areas close to continents
The correct order of seafloor features from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is
shelf, slope, rise, abyssal plain
Judge the following sentence according to the criteria given below: the Pacific Ring of Fire is home to the majority of Earth's active volcanoes and large earthquakes BECAUSE of the prevalence of divergent plate boundaries along the pacific rim.
the assertion is correct, but the reason is incorrect.
Plate tectonics and evoltion, which are held with a high degree of confidence because of rigorous testing and verification are example of
therories