Test 1 Ch. 1-4 Canvas

Which of the following best describes a kill point in the project life cycle?

A review of the status of a project at each phase of development to determine if it should be continued, redirected, or terminated

What is a weighted scoring model? How is it created?

A weighted scoring model helps take features and rank them according to a benefit vs. cost outlook , in order to determine the overall effect of a new development.

In which development life cycle do stakeholders define and approve the detailed scope before the start on an iteration?

Adaptive

Which activity is a part of the Scrum planning process?

Creating sprint backlog

Which planning process is within the Project Scope Management knowledge area?

Creation of a WBS

What are new requirements imposed by management, government, or some external influence referred to as?

Directives

_____ factors include relevant government or industry standards, the organization's infrastructure, and marketplace conditions.

Enterprise environmental

Discuss the difference between explicit and tacit knowledge.

Explicit knowledge is easily obtained using words, pictures, or numbers and is easy to communicate, store, and distribute. Tacit knowledge is difficult to express and highly personal.

Initiating and closing tasks are usually the longest and require the most amount of resources and time.

False

Joe is a project manager in an IT company and has over the years, gained substantial knowledge in his area of work. However, while managing his team, he often loses his temper. In addition, he fails to be an active listener when his team members approach him with work related challenges. In which of the following areas does Joe need to develop his skills in?

Human relations skills

Which of the following is true of a matrix organizational structure?

In a strong matrix organizational structure, the project manager controls the project budget and has moderate to high authority.

Which observation is true of the agile approach to software development?

In the agile method, requirements and solutions evolve through collaboration.

Which of the following is true of the project life cycle?

In the early phases of a project life cycle, resource needs are usually lowest.

Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which employees identify with the organization as a whole, rather than with their types of job or profession?

Member identity

Which characteristic of organizational culture refers to the degree to which the organization monitors and responds to changes in the external environment?

Open-systems focus

_____ refers to a set of shared assumptions, values, and behaviors that characterize the functioning of an organization.

Organizational culture

Which project management knowledge area primarily involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information?

Project communications management

Which project management knowledge area is an overarching function that affects and is affected by the different knowledge areas?

Project integration management

Which framework is an iterative software development process that focuses on team productivity and delivers software best practices to all team members?

Rational Unified Process

Galaxy, a construction company, buys a particular brand of tiles manufactured by Tiles and Floors, an eco-friendly tile manufacturing company. However, Tiles and Floors has declared bankruptcy and closed down. At present, Galaxy is facing a crisis because there are no other manufacturers in the market that supplies eco-friendly tiles. Which constraint is Galaxy currently facing?

Resources

_____ involves determining long-term objectives by analyzing the strengths and weaknesses, studying opportunities and threats, predicting future trends, and projecting the need for new products and services.

Strategic planning

Which attribute best defines the role of leaders?

They inspire people to reach goals.

Which attribute is true of low-end tools of project management software?

They provide basic project management features.

Why is top management commitment crucial for project managers?

Top management commitment is important as it directly leads to the overall success of the project. It is important for management to cooperate with one another and be dedicated to the goals of the project as that allows for it to start off correctly and for it to lead towards success. Furthermore, top management is a key stakeholder for the projects, also offering resources, approval for special cases, allowing for cooperation throughout the organization, as well as being available as a mentor or coach for leadership problems.

_____ are short descriptions written by customers of what they need a Scrum system to do for them.

User stories

Which systems development life cycle model assumes that requirements will remain stable after they are defined?

Waterfall life cycle

An important tool for project scope management is _____.

a work breakdown structure

In Scrum, a(n) _____ is a useful object created by people.

artifact

A _____ is a starting point, a measurement, or an observation that is documented so that it can be used for future comparison. changes.

baseline

Which stage of information technology planning outlines business processes that are central to achieving strategic goals and helps determine which ones could most benefit from information technology?

business area analysis

Project procurement management mainly involves:

buying goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization.

A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a ____ format.

calendar

Some projects have a senior manager called a(n) _____ who acts as a key advocate for a project.

champion

Which term is used for a formal, documented process that describes when and how official project documents may be modified, the people authorized to make modifications, and the paperwork required for these changes?

change control system

A _____ is a tool used in quality management.

checklist

Which term refers to a product or service, such as a technical report, a training session, a piece of hardware, or a segment of software code, produced or provided as part of a project?

deliverable

A(n) _____ is a cross-functional team of five to nine people who organize themselves and the work to produce the desired results for each sprint.

development team or Scrum team

What is the majority of time on a project is usually spent on?

execution

Earned value management is a tool primarily used in resource management.

false

Individual projects always address strategic goals whereas portfolio management addresses tactical goals.

false

It is mandatory for project managers working on large information technology projects to be experts in the field of information technology.

false

Opponents of a project do not belong to the category of stakeholders.

false

Responsibility assignment matrices and project organizational charts are examples of tools used in procurement management.

false

The number of interfaces in a single project is limited, and does not depend on the number of people involved in the project.

false

The only responsibility of a project manager is to meet the specific scope, time, and cost goals of a project.

false

The output of the stakeholder management strategy results is a project charter.

false

The team members of a virtual team are all of the same nationality.

false

Which tool can best help in efficient communication management?

kick-off meetings

A(n) _____ describes how things should be done.

methodology

The outputs of which process include change request status updates, project management plan updates, and project document updates?

monitoring and controlling

_____ is an organization's acquisition of goods and services from an outside source.

outsourcing

Which characteristic of organizational culture describes the degree to which management's decisions take into account the effect of outcomes on people within the organization?

people focus

Which perspective on organizations assumes that organizations are coalitions composed of varied individuals and interest groups?

political frame

High-end tools in project management software have enterprise and _____ functions that summarize and combine individual project information to provide an enterprise view of all projects.

portfolio management

A(n) _____ is the person responsible for the business value of the project and for deciding what work to do and in what order when using a Scrum method.

product owner

A(n) _____ is "a group of related projects, subsidiary programs, and program activities managed in a coordinated manner to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually."

program

Which document recognizes the existence of a project and provides direction on the project's objectives and management?

project charter

An organizational process assets update is the output of which closing process?

project integration management

Which information is included in a business case?

project objective, high-level requirements, and time and cost goals

Which section of the project management plan includes external interfaces, internal structure, as well as roles and responsibilities?

project organization

What term is used for the minimum acceptable rate of return on an investment?

required rate of return

A risk register is the output of _____

risk management

Project _____ management includes estimating how long it will take to complete the work, developing an acceptable project schedule, and ensuring timely completion of a project.

schedule

Until the 1980s, project management primarily focused on providing _____ and resource data to top management in the military, computer, and construction industries.

schedule

A(n) _____ is the person who ensures that the team is productive, facilitates the daily Scrum, enables close cooperation across all roles and functions, and removes barriers that prevent the team from being effective.

scrumMaster

A difference between strategic and tactical goals is:

strategic goals are long-term in nature whereas tactical goals are short-term.

The three spheres of systems management are business, organization, and _____.

technology

The question, "What is the project's schedule?" is an example of a(n) _____ constraint.

time

A project's stakeholders include its customers, users, and suppliers.

true

An annual discount factor is a multiplier for each year based on the discount rate and year.

true

As projects progress, the organization must reevaluate the need, funding, and will for each project to determine if the project should be continued, redefined, or terminated.

true

Change requests are always made in writing.

true

Identifying the project sponsor is a pre-initiation task.

true

In project integration management, directing and managing project execution involves carrying out the project management plan by performing the activities included in it.

true

Maturity models, statistical methods, and test plans are examples of tools used in quality management.

true

Most colleges and universities have very strong functional organizations.

true

Program managers are change agents.

true

Project managers in matrix organizations have staff from various functional areas working on their projects.

true

Project managers must have cooperation from people in other parts of the organization.

true

Stakeholder analyses, work requests, and project charters are tools used in integration management.

true

Three general classifications of organizational structures are _____, project, and matrix.

functional

Standards and guidelines to follow when performing project management must be devised by top management.

true

The WBS provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance.

true

Until the 1980s, project management primarily focused on providing schedule and resource data to top management in the military, computer, and construction industries.

true

What tool provides a basis for creating the project schedule and performing earned value management for measuring and forecasting project performance?

work breakdown structure

A project's internal rate of return can be determined by finding what discount rate results in an NPV of what value for the project?

zero

What is a work breakdown structure?

A work breakdown structure is the splitting of a key, deliverable oriented project, into smaller, more manageable pieces or sections. This tends to be common element in several development styles, including within Agile development.

In Rizzati Corp, vice presidents in departments such as engineering, manufacturing, IT, and human resources report directly to the chief executive officer and undertake their tasks independently of each other. The staffs of these departments have specialized skills in their respective disciplines. Which type of organizational structure does Rizatti Corp have?

Functional

What are the methods for categorizing information technology projects?

Information technology project can be categorized based on several factors. The most common ways to do this is through the time window of the project, the priority of the project, and the motivation/impetus of the project.

What processes include defining and authorizing a project or project phase?

Initiating

_____ involves identifying, evaluating, and managing changes throughout the project life cycle.

Integrated change control

What is integrated change control? What are the main objectives of integrated change control?

Integrated change control is a framework that helps organize and manage how changes can be made to a project. The main objectives of integrated change control are as follows: to influence the factors that create changes to ensure that changes are beneficial, to determine if change occurred, and to mange actual changes as they occur.

_____ include formal and informal plans, policies, procedures, guidelines, information systems, financial systems, management systems, lessons learned, and historical information that can be used to influence a project's success.

Organizational process assets

What processes include devising and maintaining a workable scheme to ensure that the project addresses the organization's needs?

Planning

In which product life cycle the scope, schedule, and cost are determined early, and changes to scope are carefully managed?

Predictive

Which process is undertaken to reduce the probability of negative consequences associated with project risks?

Preventive actions

A _____ is an organizational group responsible for coordinating the project management function throughout an organization.

Project Management Office

Which problem-solving approach requires defining the scope of a system, dividing it into its components, and then identifying and evaluating its problems, opportunities, constraints, and needs?

Systems analysis

Describe the concept of a systems approach.

The systems approach is a management technique that focuses on interrelationships and that the system of organization is dependent on one another. In other words, the organization is a collection of smaller systems, such a groups within corporate headquarters, that are grouped together as a whole.

An IT company revises its process parameters in response to complaints from vendors that products were not ready on time. Which is this an example of?

a corrective action

A SWOT analysis, being a linear process, cannot be performed using the nonlinear mind mapping technique.

false

A milestone list is an output associated with the Project Scope Management knowledge area.

false

An organization's project management plan expresses the vision, mission, goals, objectives, and strategies of the organization.

false

Decisions and actions taken in one knowledge area at a certain time rarely affect other knowledge areas.

false

Many projects fail because of unclear requirements and expectations, so starting with a payback analysis makes a lot of sense.

false

Project managers should lead projects in isolation in order to truly serve the needs of the organization.

false

Project work is most successful in an organizational culture where activities are organized around individuals.

false

Projects that address broad organizational needs are likely to fail.

false

The burndown chart is a Scrum created artifact that provides a list of features prioritized by business value.

false

The nature of hardware development projects is more diverse than software-oriented projects.

false

The pre-initiation phase of a project using the Scrum method does not involve project charters, stakeholder management strategy, and kick-off meetings.

false

The primary role of project stakeholder management is to ensure that the project will satisfy the stated needs for which it was undertaken.

false

What is the main purpose of project plans?

guide project execution

The _____ frame of an organization focuses on providing harmony between the needs of the organization and the needs of people.

human resources

The project management plan is the output of which project planning process?

integration management

The _____ is the discount rate that results in an NPV of zero for a project.

internal rate of return

The project scope management knowledge area maps to which process group through the activities of scope validation and scope control?

monitoring and controlling

What is developed in the Project Integration Management knowledge area?

project management plan

A(n) _____ is a Scrum artifact and consists of the highest-priority items from the product backlog to be completed in a sprint.

sprint backlog

In the Scrum method, during which meeting is the improvement of the product and process discussed

sprint retrospective