test 1 questions

Social psychology embraces ..... as core scientific values. a. accuracy, objectivity, skepticism, and open-mindedness b. objectivity, theoretical, coherence, open-mindedness, and skepticism c. open-mindedness, skepticism, statistical support, and theoretical coherence

A. Accuracy, objectivity, skepticism, and open-mindedness

Which of the following individuals is most likely to experience information overload? a. a person talking on the cell phone while driving a car b. a person who is chatting with his wife while dressing for work c. a person who is dancing and talking at a party d. a person who is eating dinner while watching tv

a. a person talking on the cell phone while driving a car

when we compare ourselves to others who are less capable, we are engaged in ..... a. downward social comparison b. upward social comparison c. upward attribution d. downward attribution

a. downward social comparison

two drivers on highway are cut-off by a third driver. the first driver is startled by shrugs, thinking, that the other driver was careless, "but i don't think he noticed me." The second driver is furious thinking, "that other driver deliberately tried to run me off the road." this scenario most clearly illustrates.... a. how cognition influences effect b. how affect influences arousal c. how arousal influences effect d. how mood influences affect and arousal

a. how cognition influences effect

gender difference in self-esteem begin to emerge in a. puberty b. late adult hood c. early adulthood d. middle childhood

a. puberty

we tend to perceive our own behavior as stemming largely stemming from....factors; we tend to perceive the behavior of others stemming largely from .... factors. a. situational; dispositional b. dispositional; situational c. situational; situational d. external; external

a. situational; dispositional

The process during which we interpret, analyze, remember, and use information about the social world is known as.... a. social cognition b. heuristics c. automatic processing d. encoding e. schemas

a. social cognitions

The branch of psychology that seeks to understand the nature and causes of individual behavior and thought in social situations is... a. social psychology b. interpersonal psychology c. applied psychology d. organizational psychology e. general psychology

a. social psychology

Zoe, an attractive blonde is afraid she will say something foolish in her college algebra class, thereby confirming the stereotype that she is a dumb blonde. as a result, zoe rarely volunteers to solve problems in class. this can be best explained by the..... a. stereotype threat b. stereotype anxiety c. hindsight bias d. performance deficit

a. stereotype threat

The tendency to use a particular number or value as a starting point to which changes are made is known as... a. the anchoring a adjustment heuristic b. the representative heuristic c. the priming heuristic d. availability heuristic

a. the anchoring a adjustment heuristic

during finals week, Jonah tells his friends that he will be able to write his term papers over the next few days. Jonah is shocked and upset when he is barely able to complete two of these four papers. Jonah's behavior is consistent with.... a. the planning fallacy b. counterfactual thinking c. the brace for loss effect d. the negativity bias

a. the planning fallacy

Which participants in the Festinger and Carlsmith study ended up being the most positive about about the dull, boring task that they had performed earlier? a. those who paid $1 to say it was fun and exciting b. those paid $20 to say it was fun and exciting c. those who simply performed the dull boring task d. all ended up seeing the task as equally bad

a. those who paid $1 to say it was fun and exciting

in the united states gender difference in self-esteem are most pronounced among.... a. white lower class people b. prison populations of all races c. non-white middle class people d. non-white lower class people

a. white lower class people

self-enhancement involves ..... while other enhancement involves..... a. efforts to increase others appeal; efforts to ease our self esteem b. efforts to increase individuals appeal to others; efforts to make the other person feel good c. efforts to increase individuals self-esteem; efforts to increase the other persons self-esteem

b. efforts to increase individuals appeal to others; efforts to make the other person feel good

According to the Elaboration of Likelihood model, a persuader with strong, convincing arguments should use the ..... route. a. peripheral b. central c. elaborative d. heuristic

b. central

The things we think about other people and the way we remember them may have an effect on out behavior. These thought and memories are examples of.... a. historical processes b. cognitive processes c. cultural processes d. social processes

b. cognitive processes

which of the following is an example of the use of hypocrisy as a way to modify attitudes? a. get people to say something that they do not believe b. get people to encourage others to do some beneficial action, then remind them that they do not always do it themselves c. simply get people to encourage others to do some beneficial action

b. get people to encourage others to do some beneficial action, then remind them that they do not always do it themselves

When Jeremy was asked to describe himself to his classmates, he spoke about being a member of the football team and how it made his experience different from others that were in the class. Jeremy was primarily making .... comparisons. a. instrumental group b. intergroup c. individual d. intragroup

b. intergroup

people who suffer from depression tend to attribute their own failures to..... and their successes to.... a. temporary external causes; lasting internal causes b. lasting internal causes; temporary external causes c. lasting external causes; lasting external causes

b. lasting internal causes; temporary external causes

we tend to remember facts and other information better when we are in the same mood as we were in when we learned the information. this is called.... a. the mood congruence effect b. mood dependent memory c. affect-cognition feedback

b. mood dependent memory

the self-evaluation maintenance model suggests we will .... others who often perform more poorly than we do in an important area. a. share an idenitiy with b. move closer to c. distance ourselves from d. strongly dislike

b. move closer to

the negative reaction we receive when we feel someone is trying to limit our personal freedom is called. a. dissonance b. reactance c. discrepancy d. fogging

b. reactance

The people who complete the survey may be representative of the population about which of conclusions are to be drawn. this is known as the issue of .... a. preserve responders b. sampling c. diversity d. representation e. margin of error

b. sampling

the belief that we can achieve a particular goal through our own actions is known as a. self-concept b. self-efficacy c. self- esteem d. hubris

b. self-efficacy

The process by where we seek to know and understand others is called ...., and frequently makes use of...... a. social discovery; verbal communication b. social perception; nonverbal communication c. social awareness; not really caring about people

b. social perception; nonverbal communication

all of the following describe characteristics of micro expression EXCEPT... A. they are fleeting facial expressions last tenths of a second b. they usually don't show a persons true feelings c. they appear on the face very quickly d. they are difficult to suppress

b. they usually don't show a persons true feelings

Early research done by Solomon Asch suggests the presence of central traits which are.... a. traits that strongly encourage self-serving bias b. traits that strongly color the way we interpret other aspects of another person c. clusters of traits we use to try to understand and explain the behavior of another person

b. traits that strongly color the way we interpret other aspects of another person

Which of the following individuals is exhibiting behaviors or thoughts consistent with priming? a. Hector, a medical school student, realizes that his sore throat is probably a sign of mild cold and nota serious illness. b. after watching a horror film, Jane comments on the fact that she did not find the film that "scary" at all c. after finishing a romantic novel, Natalie passionately embraces her boyfriend and tells him how much she loves him.

c. after finishing a romantic novel, Natalie passionately embraces her boyfriend and tells him how much she loves him

noncommon effects... a. are usually weak indicators of underlying personality traits b. are affects that can be caused by one of several factors c. are effects that can be caused by only one specific factor d. are effects that can be caused only by a combination of two or more factors

c. are effects that can be caused by only one specific factor

When you noticing something and then remember it, you are involving the process known as .... and ..... a. schematic confluence; attention congruity b. response tendency; response acquaintance c. attention; encoding d. attention; retrieval

c. attention;encoding

There are five basic channels of nonverbal communication. these are... a. touching, eye contact, body movements, vocal tone, and facial expressions b. body movements, facial expressions, posture, attributions, and vocal tone c. facial expression, eye contact, body movements, posture, and touching

c. facial expression, eye contact, body movements, posture, and touching

Forewarning people for exposing them to persuasive communication: a. distracts them and makes them susceptible to influence b. generally has no effect on the susceptibility to influence c. makes them resistant to influence

c. makes them resistant to influence

self-esteem refers to the.... a. evaluations of others about the self b. desire to be liked by others c. positive or negative evaluation of the self by the self

c. positive or negative evaluations of the self by the self

Kayla has decided to get a body piercing. her expectation is that she might receive ..... by her mainstream friends. this will likely cause her to ..... and identify with ....... a. acceptance, more closely, others who consider getting such a piercing b. rejection, less closely, other kids at school c. rejection, more closely, others who having body piercings

c. rejection, more closely, others who having body piercings

we tend to make ..... attributions for our own behaviors, but ...... attributions for others behaviors. a. dispositional; situational b. positive; negative c. situational; dispositional d. negative; positive

c. situational; dispositional

in an experiment researchers had participants unscramble words that were "rude" words or "polite" words. soon after participants were more or less likely to interrupt the experimenter to talking to an accomplice. this is a demonstration of.... a. exposure to subliminal stimuli b. our memory for factual information and its relationship to other information already stored in memory c. the occurrence of priming without conscious awareness of the priming stimulus

c. the occurrence of priming without conscious awareness of the priming stimulus

Judging individuals based on similarity to typical members of a group is known as.... a. the availability heuristic b. automatic priming c. the representative heuristic d. the similarity heuristic

c. the representative heuristic

one reason that social scientists put their faith in the scientific method is that.... a. the scientific method allows scientists to rely on their own intuition b. it produces incontrovertible proof of the accuracy of their feelings c. the scientific method produces more conclusive evidence then other methods

c. the scientific method produces more conclusive evidence then other methods

the above average effect is .... a. thinking that negative social feedback about ourselves is incorrect b. our tendency to inflate the estimate of other understanding on most social traits c. thinking we are above average on most social traits

c. thinking we are above average on most social traits

random assignment of research participants to experimental condition means that.... a. confounding variables can not occur b. participant characteristics will have an effect on the outcome of the experiment c. experimental conditions will not be the same d. each participant has an equal chance at being assigned to each experimental condition

d.

The process by which people seek to understands why others behave the way they do is known as ... a. impression management b. social precision c. casual misdirection d. attribution

d. attribution

The relatively effortless processing of social information ina non-conscious and unintentional way is known as.... a. supraliminal processing b. planned behavior c. rational introspection d. automatic processing

d. automatic processing

The personal identity... a. prevents us from recognizing most discrepancies between our behavior and our attitudes b. conceptualizes the self member of particular social groups c. allows us to attribute our success to external causes d. conceptualizes the self as unique and individual

d. conceptualizes the self as unique and indiviudal

The tendency to imagine outcomes in a situation other than what actually occurred is known as.... a. reminiscence thinking b. magical thinking c. counterintuitive thinking d. counterfactual thinking

d. counterfactual thinking

Jackie took longer to reply to certain questions, and the pitch of her voice rose considerably, these aspects of her... gave away that she was lying. a. lack of affect b. choice of proper nouns c. nonverbal cue d. linguistic style

d. linguistic style

The process of giving participants as much information as possible about experimental procedures to be used before the participants agree to participate is known as.... a. avoiding deception in research b. providing thorough debriefing c. meeting ethical guidelines d. obtaining informed consent

d. obtaining informed consent

The fundamental attribution error refers to our tendency to... a. the role of others causing our own behavior b. overestimate the role of situations in causing our own behavior c. assume that we can do no wrong d. overestimate the role of dispositions in causing others behavior

d. overestimate the role of dispositions in causing others behavior

in meeting a new roommate, David stresses his studious qualities, as aspect of himself he wishes others to agree with, while being willing to underplay other potentially important aspects of himself. David is practicing a ..... approach in presenting himself to others. a. ingratiation b. neurotic c. self-denial d. self-verification

d. self-verification

our tendency to attribute our own positive outcomes to internal causes and negative outcomes to external causes is known as... a. implicit personality theory b. noncommon effect c. the actor-observer effect d. the self-serving bias

d. the self-serving bias