Test 1: Review Questions

Which of the following sizes of image receptor is recommended for bite-wing exposures in the adult patient? A. 0 B. 1 C. 2 D. 3

C. 2

Identify the maximum diameter of the collimated x-ray beam as it exits the position- indicating device (PID)? A. 1.75 inches B. 2.25 inches C. 2.75 inches D. 3.25 inches

C. 2.75 inches Federal regulations require that the x-ray beam be calling made it to the diameter of no more than 2.75 inches as it reaches the skin of the patient.

Which of the following statements is/are True regarding a fast intro oral radiographic film? A. A fast film requires more radiation exposure then a slow film. B. D-speed film is faster than F-speed film. C. A fast film has larger silver hailde crystals in the emulsion then a slower film. D. A, B, and C E. A and C

C. A fast film has larger silver hailde crystals in the emulsion then a slower film.

Which of the following setting changes will create an image of decreased density? A. An increase in milliamperage. B. An increase in opening kilovoltage peak. C. An increase in subject thickness. D. An increase in exposure time.

C. An increase in subject thickness. I'm increasing the amount of soft tissue or thick, dense bone will result in an image that has less density and appears lighter. Adjustments and operating kilovoltage peak, milliamperage, or exposure time can be made to compensate for variations in the size of patients and subject thickness.

Which of the following is a method of operator protection during dental imaging procedures? A. A thyroid color and lead apron. B. Use of the beam alignment device. C. Avoiding the primary beam. D. Use of fast film.

C. Avoiding the primary beam. To avoid occupational exposure to x-radiation, the dental radiographer must always avoid the primary beam and maintain an adequate distance, proper position, and proper shielding from x-rays during exposure.

The primary benefit of dental imaging as: A. Examining the status of the teeth and bones during growth and development. B. Documentation for insurance purposes. C. Detection of disease. D. Assessing in localization of lesions and foreign objects.

C. Detection of disease. Although dental images have many uses, their primary use is in detection of diseases, lesions, and conditions of the teeth and bones.

The silver halide crystals are located in which the the the following layers of the dental x-ray film? A. Film base B. Adhesive layer C. Film emulsion D. Protective layer

C. Film emulsion The film emulsion is a homogeneous mixture of gelatin and silver halide crystals. It is a coating attached to both sides of the film base by the adhesive layer to give the film greater sensitivity to x-radiation.

Identify which of the following results when a film is exposed with a high milliamperage setting: A. High contrast B. Low contrast C. Increased density D. Decreased density

C. Increased density A high milliamperage setting produces an image of increased overall density, or a darker image, because more photons are being produced at the target.

The ________________ on an exposed dental radio graphic film remains invisible until it undergoes chemical processing procedures. A. Phosphor B. Film base C. Latent image D. Photon

C. Latent image Silver hailde crystals absorb x-radiation during x-ray exposure and store the energy from the radiation. The stored energy forms a pattern and creates an invisible latent image within the emulsion of the exposed film. A visible image results when the exposed film with latent image is processed.

Identify which of the following is used to make a collimator: A. Aluminum B. Copper C. Lead D. Tungsten

C. Lead

When the paralleling technique is used in exposing a periodical image in a patient with a maxillary torus, the image receptor must be placed: A. On the near side of the torus. B. Directly on the torus. C. On the far side of the torus. D. In the occlusal plane.

C. On the far side of the torus.

All of the falling would appear radiopaque on the radiograph accept: A. Amalgam B. Enamel C. Periodontal ligament space D. Dentin

C. Periodontal ligament space Periodontal ligament space is radiolucent on the radio graphs; the periodontal ligament lacks density and permits the passage of the x-ray beam with little or no resistance.

Identify which of the following is determined by the milliamperage and exposure time settings: A. Energy of the radiation produced. B. Amount of the film fog. C. Quantity of x-rays produced. D. Penetrating a ability of the x-ray beam.

C. Quantity of x-rays produced.

A rectangular collimator: A. Produces a beam that is collimated to a diameter of 2.75 inches. B. Filters out the longer wavelength, low energy x-rays from the x-ray beam. C. Restricts the size of the x-ray beam two an area slightly larger than the size to intraoral film. D. Will expose the patient to more radiation than a circular collimator.

C. Restricts the size of the x-ray beam two an area slightly larger than the size to intraoral film.

Which of the following what appear gray on the radiographic image of corrective density? A. Dentin B. Air spaces C. Soft tissue D. Bone

C. Soft tissue

Which of the following beam alignment devices is designed for one-time use only? A. Snap-A-Ray B. EEZEE-Grip receptor holder C. Stable bite-block D. Rinn BAI instruments.

C. Stable bite-block

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding horizontal and vertical angulation? A. The correct horizontal angulation differs according to whether the paralleling, bisecting, or bite-wing technique is used. B. Horizontal angulation is measured in degrees and is registered on the outside of the tubehead. C. The correct vertical angulation differs according to whether the paralleling, bisecting, or bite-wing technique is used. D. A, B, and C E. A and C

C. The correct vertical angulation differs according to whether the paralleling, bisecting, or bite-wing technique is used. The vertical angulation differs according to the imaging technique used. With the paralleling technique, the vertical angulation of the central ray is directed perpendicular to the receptor and the long axis of the tooth. With the bisecting technique, the vertical angulation is determined by the imaginary bisector; the central ray is director perpendicular to the imaginary bisector. With the bite-wing technique, the vertical angulation is predetermined; the central rays directed at +10° to the occlusal plane.

Identify which of the following is not a component of inherent filtration: A. Oil B. Unleaded glass window C. The lead-lined cone D. The tubehead seal

C. The lead-lined cone

Which of is true concerning atomic structure? A. Both protons and electrons carry positive electrical charge. B. An electron does not have any mass. C. The strongest body energy for electrons is found closest to the nucleus. D. The A shell is located closest to the nucleus and has the weakest binding energy.

C. The strongest body energy for electrons is found closest to the nucleus. Whereas electrons located in the outer shells have a week finding energy.

The color-coded labels side of a one-film packet of Kodak Insight (F-Speed) film is: A. Mint B. Tan C. Violet D. Gray

C. Violet

The purpose of the aluminum discs is to filter out what? A. High energy x-rays. B. Shorter wavelength x-rays. C. X-rays that are not useful in diagnostic radiography. D. A and C E. B and C

C. X-rays that are not useful in diagnostic radiography. The aluminum discs will filter out longer wavelength, low energy x-rays that are not useful in diagnostic radiography. These x-rays do not have enough energy to reach the image receptor.

The number of posterior bite-wing images necessary for the patient is based on the: A. history of previous restorations. B. level of insurance benefits. C. curvature of the arch and the number of teeth present. D. absence or presence of chronic adult periodontitis.

C. curvature of the arch and the number of teeth present.

The use of a _________ distance in the paralleling technique result in less image magnification and increased definition. A. short target-receptor B. short tooth-receptor C. long target-receptor D. long tooth-receptor

C. long target-receptor The target-receptor distance must be increased to compensate for image magnification to ensure that only the most parallel rays will be directed at the tooth and receptor.

Which of the following is an advantage of the bisecting technique over the paralleling technique? A. reduced dimensional distortion B. less elongation C. shorter exposure time D. less foreshortening

C. shorter exposure time

When exposing periapical receptors with the bisecting technique, always begin with the anterior teeth, because: A. there are fewer anterior image placements then posterior image placement. B. anterior teeth only have a single root, whereas posterior teeth often have multiple roots. C. the maxillary sinuses are located around the roots of posterior teeth. D. anterior placements are less likely to cause the patient to gag.

D. anterior placements are less likely to cause the patient to gag.

The exposure light turns ________ and the beep ________ when the x-ray exposure is completed. A. on; starts B. on; stops C. off; starts D. off; stops

D. off; stops As a visible sign that x-rays are being produced, and exposing light on the control panel is illuminated during x-ray exposure. In addition, a beep sound during x-ray exposure as an audible signal that x-rays are being produced. The exposure light turns off and the beep stops when the x-ray exposure is completed.

Which of the following statements is/are true regarding the important and uses of dental images? A. Comprehensive care requires the use of dental imaging. B. A radiographic examination is not essential for diagnostic purposes in dentistry. C. Many diseases and conditions do snow clinical signs or symptoms and typically are discovered only through the use of dental radiographs. D. A, B, and C E. A and C

E. A and C

The long tone paralleling technique was introduced by who in 1947?

Gordon Fitzgerald The "father of modern dental radiography", reviewed interested in paralleling technique with the introduction of the long cone paralleling technique in 1947.

Which of the following was Otto Walkhoff's contribution to dental radiography?

He made the first dental radiograph. -he placed a glass photographic plate wrapped in black paper in his mouth and subjected himself to 25 minutes of x-ray exposure.

Which of the following statements is/are True regarding intraoral periapical radiographic film? A. It is used to examine the entire tooth and supporting bone. B. It is used to examine the crowns of both the maxillary and the mandibular teeth on one film. C. The patient bites on the entire film. D. A and C E. B and C

A. It is used to examine the entire tooth and supporting bone. The term periapical is derived from the Greek word peri, meaning "around", and the Latin word apex, referring to the terminal end of a tooth root. This type of film shows the tip of the tooth root and surrounding structures as well as the crown.

Identify the term used to describe the x-ray beam that exits the position-indicating device? A. Primary radiation B. Secondary radiation C. Scattered radiation D. Direct radiation

A. Primary radiation Primary radiation refers to the penetrating x-ray beam that is produced at the target of the anode and exits the tubehead. Also referred to as useful been.

Which of the following statements is true regarding an intro oral x-ray film packet? A. That intraoral x-ray film is a double-emulsion film. B. Add two-film packet requires twice the exposure time as a single film packet. C. The lead foil sheet is located in front of the film. D. That Identification.is used to differentiate between the two radiographs in at two-film packet.

A. That intraoral x-ray film is a double-emulsion film. Double-emulsion filmIs used because it requires less radiation exposure to produce an image than a single-emulsion film.

Identify the best description of primary radiation? A. The beam that exits the tubehead. B. The beam that is created when x-rays contact matter. C. The theme that is deflected from its pass by matter. D. The beam that is less penetrating.

A. The beam that exits the tubehead. Primary radiation refers to the penetrating x-ray beam that is produced at the target of the anode and exits the tubehead. Also referred to as useful been.

Identify the intensity of the x-ray beam if the selected position-indicating device (PID) is increased from 8 inches to 16 inches: A. The beam will be one-quarter as intense. B. The beam will be half as intense. C. The Being will be twice as intense. D. The bean will be four times as intense.

A. The beam will be one-quarter as intense. Using the inverse square law, the beam will be one- quarter as intense.

Identify which of the following statements is/are true regarding duplicating film: A. The emulsion on the duplicating film must contact the original radiographs. B. The duplicating film is placed on the duplicator with the emulsion side up. C. Duplicating radiographs may be performed in the lab or operatory. D. All of the above

A. The emulsion on the duplicating film must contact the original radiographs.

Identify the characteristic(s) of a dental x-ray images associated with the term radiolucent: A. The portion of a dental image that is dark or black. B. The portion of the dental image that appears light for white. C. Referring to structures of high density with ability to absorb or resist the passage of the x-ray beam. D. A and C E. B and C

A. The portion of a dental image that is dark or black.

Which of the following is true regarding the component parts of the intraoral dental x-ray machine? A. The position-indicating device (PID) extends from the tubehead opening. B. Each x-ray unit requires a separate control panel. C. The on-off switch turns off when each x-ray exposure is completed. D. All dental x-ray machines require setting individual controls for kVp, mA, and time.

A. The position-indicating device (PID) extends from the tubehead opening.

Identify the function of the collimator? A. To restrict the size and shape of the x-ray beam. B. To remove the long wavelength of energy from the x-ray beam. C. To remove the low energy x-rays from the beam. D. To increased scatter radiation.

A. To restrict the size and shape of the x-ray beam.

The __________________ examination is a type of intraoral radiographic examination. A. occlusal B. cephalometric C. transcranial D. tomographic

A. occlusal

Identified the term for an atom that has lost an electron from its orbit?

Ion And ion is An atom that has gained or lost an electron.

Currently used fast film requires less than what percent of initial exposure times used for dental radiography in 1920?

less than 2%

Identify the kilovoltage peak (kVp) setting that produces the greatest contrast among images on the radiograph: A. 65 kVp B. 75 kVp C. 80 kVp D. 90 kVp

A. 65 kVp Greatest contrast refers to the image that has high contrast, or many black and white areas; this type of image is produced with lower kilovoltage peak settings (65 to 75 kVp).

Identify the correct angulation of the central rate with the use of the dissecting angle technique: A. 90° to the imaginary bisector. B. 90° to the image receptor C. 90° to the long axis of the tooth. D. 90° to the contact area.

A. 90° to the imaginary bisector. The bisecting angle technique describes an intro oral technique in which the radiographer must visualize an angle formed by the image receptor and absence two; the central ray of the x-ray beam is directed perpendicular to the imaginary bisector.

Identify which of the following is used to make a filter: A. Aluminum B. Copper C. Lead D. Tungsten

A. Aluminum

All of the following would appear radiolucent on the radiograph except: A. Bone B. Dental pulp C. Air spaces D. Dental caries

A. Bone Bone is radiopaque on the radiograph; bone is dense and absorbs the radiation, producing a white or radiopaque area on the resultant image.

The disadvantages of the bisecting technique outweighed the advantages. The paralleling technique is preferred over the bisecting technique for exposure of images and should be used whenever possible. A. Both statements are true. B. Both statements are false. C. The first statement is true; the second statement is false. D. The first statement is false; the second statement is true.

A. Both statements are true.

Identify which of the following is not a type of electromagnetic radiation? A. Electrons B. Radar waves C. Microwaves D. X-rays

A. Electrons

Identify the error that causes teeth to appear foreshortened on the radiograph: A. Excessive vertical angulation. B. Insufficient vertical angulation. C. Excessive horizontal angulation. D. Insufficient horizontal angulation.

A. Excessive vertical angulation.

Which of the following choices correctly identifies the density and contrast of a film produce using a high kilovoltage setting? A. Increased density; low contrast B. Increased density; high contrast C. Decreased density; low contrast D. Decreased density; high contrast

A. Increased density; low contrast A high killvoltage settings will produce an image of increased density (which can be described as a darker image) and a low contrast (which can be described as many shades of gray).

Identify the positioning of the image receptor in relation to the tooth for the paralleling technique: A. Perpendicular to the tooth. B. Parallel to the tooth. C. In direct contact with tooth. D. On the occlusal surface of the tooth.

B. Parallel to the tooth.

Identify which of the following is false? A. X-rays cause ionization. B. X-rays cannot be focused to a point. C. X-rays have no charge. D. X-rays travel at the speed of sound.

D. X-rays travel at the speed of sound X-rays travel at the speed of light.

Identified the radiation produced when matter is irradiated by x-rays. A. Leakage radiation B. Primary radiation C. Diverging radiation D. Secondary radiation

D. Secondary radiation Secondary radiation refers to x-radiation that is created when the primary beam interacts with matter.

Identified the unit of time used to measure x-ray exposure: A. Ampere B. Millampere C. Volt D. Impulse

D. Impulse Exposure time is measured in impulses because x-rays are created in a series of bursts or pulses rather than a continuous stream.

Identify which of the following is not a type of particulate radiation? A. Alpha particles B. Beta particles C. Protons D. Nucleons

D. Nucleons A nucleon is a part of the atomic nucleus.

Identify the part of the x-ray tube where x-ray photons are produced?

At the positively charged anode. X-rays are produced at the positively charged and anode when electrons are converted into x-ray photons.

Identify the vertical angulation required for exposing a bite-wing image: A. +20° B. +10° C. -20° D. -10°

B. +10°

Identify the characteristics of x-rays produced with a high kilovoltage? 1. more penetrating 2. less penetrating 3. of longer wavelength 4. of shorter wavelength A. 1 and 2 B. 1 and 4 C. 2 and 3 D. 2 and 4

B. 1 and 4 When kilovoltage peak settings are increased, a higher energy x-ray beam is produced with a more penetrating beam; more penetrating x-rays with greater energy also demonstrate shorter wavelengths.

How many periodical images usually are sufficient to cover the edentulous arches in the patient without teeth? A. 4 B. 14 C. 18 D. 20

B. 14

Identify the function of the kilovoltage settings on the x-ray machine? A. Controls the quantity of x-rays produced. B. Controls the penetrating power of the x-ray beam. C. Controls the number of photons available. D. all of the above

B. Controls the penetrating power of the x-ray beam.

Which of use to describe the overall blackness or darkness of an image? A. Contrast B. Density C. Overexposure D. Intensity

B. Density

Assigned duties and responsibilities of an auxiliary in the dental office in regard to dental radiography may include each of the following except: A. Mounting and identification of dental images. B. Diagnosis of lesions on dental images. C. Positioning and exposure of dental x-ray imaging receptors. D. Education of patients about dental imaging.

B. Diagnosis of lesions on dental images. Diagnosis of lesions on dental images is the responsibility of the dentist.

Identify which of the following results in the greatest reduction of x-ray exposure: A. Low kilovoltage B. F-speed film C. A short developing time D. A long position-indicating device (PID)

B. F-speed film Using fastest film available is the most effective method of reducing the patients exposure to x-radiation.

Identify which of the following is not an advantage of the paralleling technique: A. Simplicity of use is enhanced with the film-holding device. B. Films are easily repeated when serial radiographs are indicated. C. Patient comfort is increased. D. Films are easily placed in the mouth.

B. Films are easily repeated when serial radiographs are indicated. The paralleling technique is easy to standardize and can be easily repeated with radiographs.

Identify the exposure factor adjustment used to produce a beam with greater penetrating power: A. Increase the milliamperage. B. Increase the kilovoltage peak. C. Increase the time setting. D. Increase the target film distance.

B. Increase the kilovoltage peak. Increasing kilovoltage peak creatse a more penetrating beam with higher quality.

The bite-wing imaging receptor is used in the __________ examination. A. Periapical B. Interproximal C. Occlusal

B. Interproximal The bite-wing receptor is used in the interproximal examination. The interproximal examination is used to examine the crowns of both the maxillary and mandibular teeth on a single image.

Bite-wing exposures are used only in areas of the mouth where tees have: A. Restorations. B. Interproximal contact with other teeth. C. Multiple roots. D. Crestal bone loss.

B. Interproximal contact with other teeth.

Which of the following was the most recent developments in history of dental x-ray equipment? A. Development of the first hot cathode x-ray tube. B. Introduction of a recessed long been tube. C. Introduction of a variable kilovoltage machine. D. Placement of a miniature version of the x-ray tube inside the head of an x-ray machine.

B. Introduction of a recessed long been tube.

Which of the following exposure factors is used to modify contrast in the dental radiography? A. Milliamperage B. Kilovoltage C. exposure time D. processing time

B. Kilovoltage An adjustment in kilovoltage peak results in a change in the contest of the dental image. When a low kilovoltage peak settings are used, a high contrast image results. With high kilovoltage peak settings, low contrast.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the types of filtration used in the dental x-ray tubehead? A. Inherent filtration takes place when the primary beam passes through the aluminum discs in the path of the x-ray beam between the collimator and the tubehead seal in the dental x-ray machine. B. Machines operate above 70 kiovoltage peak require a minimum total of 2.5 mm aluminum filtration. C. Inherent filtration alone will meet the standards regulated by state and federal law. D. Filtration is used to restrict the size and shape of the beam and to reduce patient exposure.

B. Machines operate above 70 kiovoltage peak require a minimum total of 2.5 mm aluminum filtration. State and federal laws regulate the required thickness of total filtration. Dental x-ray machines operating at or below 70 kVp require a minimum total of 1.5 mm aluminum filtration,And machines operating above 70 kVp require a minimum total of 2.5 mm aluminum filtration.

Identify the effectof using a long-cone (16 inch) position-indicating device (PID) versus a short-cone (8 inch) PID: A. Distortion is increased. B. Magnification is decreased. C. Definition is decreased. D. Resolution is less.

B. Magnification is decreased.

When a shallow palate creates a lack of parallelism of greater than 20°, which of the following modifications and paralleling technique is recommended? A. Having the patient tilt the head toward the position-indicating device (PID) at a 45° angle. B. Placing two cotton rolls, one on each side of the bite-block. C. Increasing the vertical angulation of the tubehead by 45°. D. Using a short-cone (8 inch) rather than a long-cone (16 inch) PID.

B. Placing two cotton rolls, one on each side of the bite-block. To position the receptor parallel to the long axis of the tooth, two cotton rolls can be used, one place on each side of the bite-block.

A typical dental radiographic film emulsion is primarily: A. Silver fluoride B. Silver bromide C. Silver iodide D. Silver chloride

B. Silver bromide The typical emulsion is 80% - 99% silver bromide and 1% - 10% silver iodide.

Identify the periodical film size for a maxillary premolar exposure in an adult patient: A. Size 1 B. Size 2 C. Size 3 D. Size 4

B. Size 2

The image receptor must be placed against the lingual surface of the tooth with the __________ technique. A. paralleling B. bisecting C. bite-wing D. occlusual

B. bisecting

A/An __________ image is used to detect both interproximal caries and crestal bone levels. A. occlusal B. bite-wing C. panoramic D. periapical

B. bite-wing

When the bisecting technique is used, the occlusal end of the image receptor must extend approximately 1/8inch beyond the incisal or occlusal surface in order to prevent: A. horizontal overlap. B. cutting off the coronal portion of the tooth or teeth on the image. C. cone-cutting. D. elongation.

B. cutting off the coronal portion of the tooth or teeth on the image.

If a negative vertical angulation is used for a bite-wing image, the occlusal surface of _________ teeth are evident, and the apical regions of the _________ teeth are seen. A. maxillary; maxillary B. maxillary; mandibular C. mandibular; maxillary D. mandibular; mandibular

B. maxillary; mandibular

The dental radiographer must avoid comments such as ______ and other statements that indicate a lack of control. A. pul B. oops C. you know D. zap

B. oops

Beam alignment devices and collimating devices are used to indicate the ___________ position in relation to the tooth and the film. A. curb of Spee B. position-indicating device (PID) C. stable bite-block D. EEZEE-Grip

B. position-indicating device (PID)

A vertical bite-wing image can be used to examine: A. impacted third molars. B. the level of alveolar bone in the mouth. C. the apices of posterior teeth. D. the temporomandibular joint.

B. the level of alveolar bone in the mouth.

For the bisecting technique, a size 2 receptor is always placed with the long portion of the receptor in a _________ direction and anterior regions, and with the long portion of the receptor in a ___________ direction and posterior regions. A. vertical; vertical B. vertical; horizontal C. horizontal; vertical D. horizontal ; horizontal

B. vertical; horizontal

Identify which of the following statements is/are true regarding duplicating film: A. Emulsion is one side only. B. Exposure light makes the duplicating film image lighter. C. Exposure to light makes the duplicating image darker. D. A and B

D. A and B

Identify the function(s) of the milliamperage setting on the x-ray machine: A. Controls the quantity of x-rays produced. B. Controls the temperature of the tungsten filament. C. Controls the quality of the x-rays produced. D. A and B

D. A and B The milliamperage controls both the quantity of x-rays produced and the temperature of the tungsten filament.

Use of the high operating kilovoltage peak (90 kVp) will result in: A. Low subject contrast. B. High subject contrast. C. Many shades of gray seen on the dental image. D. A and C E. B and C

D. A and C

Identify which of the following elements is/are located within the X-ray tube? A. Anode B. Cathode C. Focusing cup D. All of the above

D. All of the above The anode and cathode are the electrodes inside the x-ray tube, and the focusing cup is part of the cathode.

Identify the function of filtration: A. To restrict the size and shape of the x-ray beam. B. To remove the long wavelengths from the x-ray beam. C. To remove low energy x-rays from the beam. D. B and C

D. B and C The function of the filter is to remove the long wavelengths, which are also lower energy x-rays, from the beam.

Which of the following is considered to be possibly the most demanding professional challenge that dental radiographer may encounter? A. Maxillary and mandibular tori. B. The patient who easily gags. C. The patient with a low pallet vault. D. Communicating with dental patients.

D. Communicating with dental patients. Communicating with dental patients may be the most demanding professional challenge that a dental radiographer encounters. The dental radiographer needs good interpersonal skills to communicate with patients and established trusting relationships.

Identify the main advantage of the paralleling technique over the bisecting angle technique: A. Decrease density B. Increased density C. More contrast D. Decreased distortion

D. Decreased distortion The main advantage of the paralleling techniques over the bisecting technique is the decreased amount of distortion in the image.

Identify which of the falling statements is true concerning the use of F-speed film: A. F-speed film requires a longer developing time than D-speed film. B. F-speed film requires a shorter developing times than D-speed film. C. F-speed film requires a longer exposure time than D-speed film. D. F-speed film requires a shorter exposure time than D-speed film.

D. F-speed film requires a shorter exposure time than D-speed film.

X-rays were discovered by who?

Wilhemlm Roentgen