Test 1 Sports Psych
Who is considered the father of American sport psychology?
Coleman Griffith
An examination of media coverage of the 2010 Olympic Games shows that commentators are more likely to attribute American athletes' success to __ than they were for non-American athletes.
Commitment and intelligence
If 300 successful athletes take a personality test, and 70% of the athletes score high on resilience, we can assume that resilience may be __ athletic success.
Correlated with
Filtering, over-generalization, and all-or-nothing thinking are types of _______
Destructive thoughts
Who started the first graduate sport psychology specialization?
Dorothy Harris
Which of the following is NOT included in the four dimensional model of attribution theory?
Efficacy
In Impact on Youth, researchers surveyed boys aged 12 to 15, and asked about the motivational climate of their team, as well as their own self-esteem. What was the researchers' conclusion?
Environments created by teammates, coaches, and parents have an impact on children's athletic experience
A collection of values, attitudes, emotions, and cognitions that influence the way in which an individual approaches, responds to, and appraises demanding events to consistently achieve his or her goals is referred to as___
Mental toughness
Which of the following is evidence in support of the hot hand effect?
NBA players who make their first free throw attempt are more likely to make their second attempt than those who missed the first shot
Which of the following athletes is MOST LIKELY to have their success attributed to athletic ability?
None of the above
Which is an example of a performance goal with a focus on avoiding an undesirable goal?
Not being outscored by an opponent
How can coaches motivate young or new athletes, who may experience a lot of frustration as they are learning new skills?
All of the above
How might attribution styles vary between athletes from the United States and athletes from Japan?
All of the above
Increasing team cohesion, avoiding distractions, and creating and sticking to clear mental and physical plans are all helpful ____
Psychological skills
According to competence motivation theory, what should happen if an athlete experiences negative results?
The athlete experiences negative feelings which leads to a decrease in competence motivation
If an athlete is high on confidence (according to the sport-confidence model), what would happen during a competition if the athlete made a mistake?
The athlete would bounce back from the mistake and perform well
What did Norman Triplett observe when he asked children to wind a string as fast as they could while alone and also in the presence of other children?
The children wound the string faster when they were in the presence of other children
What is motivation?
The direction and intensity of one's effort
Which of the following occurred during the formative years of sport psychology?
The formation of the International Society of Sport Psychology
What is the major difference between descriptive and experimental research?
The manipulation of variables
If an athlete sees an external reward as controlling their behavior, what tends to happen?
Their intrinsic motivation drops
Why do those who are high in achievement motivation tend to perform at high levels?
They are focused on mastering a task
Why is it important that athletes are taught that their poor performances are due to controllable and unstable factors?
This allows for effort to play a role in future success
A psychodynamic theory of personality is based upon
Unconscious drives and motives
Why is it important to give positive and personal feedback?
a.) & b.) only
In the study by Amorose & Horn (2000), what was discovered about students who were on athletic scholarships?
a.), b.), & c.)
Using personality inventories on athletes may help us to understand ____
a.), b.), & c.)
What could a coach do in order to create a mastery-focused environment?
a.), b.), & c.)
What is a possible explanation as to why athletes who participate in risky sports might show a different personality profile from those who participate in "safe," or traditional sports?
a.), b.), &c (all of them)
Which of the following is a skill athletes can practice to build self-confidence and develop more constructive thought patterns?
all of the above
Which of the following is an internal factor that could influence the outcome of an athletic performance?
Working hard during training
Compared with individual sport athletes, team sport athletes have _____
higher levels of extroversion and lower levels of conscientiousness
The ___ hypothesis states that people with certain personalities gravitate toward athletics in general or towards specific sports
selection
Accepting credit for success, but blaming failure on external factors is called
self-serving attribution
Why is Dorothy Yates an important figure in sport psychology?
She was the first woman to study sport psychology
Which of the personality theories is widely used in sport psychology?
Social learning thoery
In a study by Radel, Sarrazin, & Pelletier (2009), participants were primed with either autonomous words, controlling words, or strings of letters before performing a task. What was their finding?
Autonomous choice may play an important role in enhancing intrinsic motivation, effort, and performance
If a swimmer is participating in social loafing, what can be expected when he or she is participating in a 4-person relay, and the swimmer is in the first position?
He or she will swim at the same rate as during an individual race
A researcher does an experiment which measures the effect of fluid intake on heart rate while running. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
Heart rate
Why do youth sports involve modifications of rules or equipment?
In order to allow for successful experiences
Athletes expect to be able to perform well in the future if they make ____ , stable, and ____ attributions for successful outcomes.
Internal/controllable
A study on 4,000-6-year olds and 4,000 10-year-olds showed that the children who continued to participate in sports showed decreases in ____, and increases in ____ overtime compared to those not engaged in sports.
Introversion/persistence
What seems to be the impact of testosterone on motivation?
Testosterone seems to be linked with higher competitiveness
An athlete with a negative explanatory style would explain bad events as ___
internal, stable, and global
An athlete who feels that their success and failures are out of their control, making their efforts useless, is experiencing
learned helplessness
If a researcher wants to study why a team is struggling with communication and cohesion, which method will be most helpful?
naturalistic observations
Which of the following personality traits are represented in the five factor theory, also known as the 'big five'?
neuroticism, extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and openness
According to the attribution theory, if an athlete performs poorly during a game, and blames their poor performance on internal and stable factors, they are likely to ___ in their next game.
perform poorly
A sport psychologist who provides basic mental health care would be which of the following types of sports psychologist?
therapist/clinical psychologist
Which theory of personality would say that an athlete's predisposition to perfectionism allows for higher athletic success.
trait theory
