Test 2

If you have a blood pressure of 110/80 mmHg, what is your pulse pressure?

30 mm Hg

Without SA node input, what would the heart rate be?

50 beats per minute

If you have a blood pressure of 120/80 mmHg, what is your diastolic pressure?

80 mm Hg

The renin-angiotensin mechanism stimulates the release of which horomone from the adrenal cortex.

Aldosterone.

Blood being pumped out of the left ventricle enters the

Aorta

These vessels control blood flow to tissue.

Arterioles

Which of the following blood vessel types have the greatest effect on peripheral resistance?

Arterioles

Gaining weight may increase blood pressure because increased adipose tissue causes an increase in .

Blood vessel length

Hemoglobin has the highest affinity for which of the following?

CO

Sinusoids are a highly modified form of these vessels.

Capillaries

The exchange between blood vessels and cells occurs here.

Capillaries

These are the smallest blood vessels in our body.

Capillaries

Which of the following forces fluids out of the blood into the tissues?

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Of the following, what is the best definition of arteries?

Carry blood away from the heart.

The chloride shift refers to _________.

Chloride ions moving into or out of the red blood cell

These structures prevent prolapse of the atrioventricular valves.

Chordae tendineae

Low P02 and high Pc02 in the alveoli will cause

Constriction of pulmonary capillaries and dilation of bronchioles

An increase in the volume of a container filled with air would have what effect on the pressure of the container?

Decrease in the pressure

Which of the following is NOT a type of capillary?

Distributing

Which of the following would care vasoconstriction in the systemic circulation?

Endothelins

This structure prevents food from entering the airway.

Epiglottis

Divers developing the "bends" is a clinical application of which gas law?

Henry's

A decrease in pH will have effect on the respiration rate.?

Increase

An increase in end diastolic volume would have which effect on cardiac output?

Increase

The amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inspiration is termed the_________.

Inspiratory reserve volume.

These arteries supply 80% of the cerebrum.

Internal carotids

The bundle of His is located here.

Interventricular septum

All four heart valves are closed during this time

Isovolumetric contraction

The greatest decrease in ventricular pressure occurs at this time.

Isovolumetric relaxation

Air passing from the pharynx to the trachea must pass through the.

Larynx

In which of the following tissues would low oxygen levels cause vasoconstriction?

Lungs

The inflation reflex depends upon stimulation of which type of receptor?

Mechanoreceptors

During which part of the cardiac cycle is pressure in the ventricle at its lowest

Mid-diastole

Cardiac muscle tissue is found in which layer of the heart?

Myocardium

The parasympathetic nervous system decreases heart rate by

Opening potassium gates

Which respiratory control center is NOT located in the medulla oblongata?

PRG

The pressure exerted by each type of gas in a gas mixture in the of that gas.

Partial Pressure

The rate of oxygen diffusion across the respiratory membrane depends upon all of the following except.

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the blood.

which of the following has the greatest effect on respiration rate?

Pco2

All of these structures can be identified in the ventricles EXCEPT

Pectinate muscles

Apneustic breathing occurs as a result of damage to which respiratory center?

Pontine respiratory group

An increase in heart rate by the sympathetic nervous system is a

Positive chronotropic effect

Which blood vessels leave(S) leave the heart and transport blood to the lungs?

Pulmonary arteries

Nerve impulses are directly supplied to the papillary muscles by the

Purkinje Fibers

Atrial repolarization occurs during this period of time, seen on an ECG.

QRS complex

Which of the following is NOT a branch off the arch of the aorta?

Right common carotid artery.

The entire ventricular myocardium remains depolarized during this time on an ECG

S-T segment

Which of the following delivers air to the lobes of the lungs?

Secondary bronchi

Surfactant decrease the ______ in the alveoli.

Surface tension

This part of the nervous system is responsible for vasomotor tone.

Sympathetic

Which is NOT one of the tree main factors that influences external respiration?

Temperature of the respiratory membrane.

Which of the following statements is False in regard to inspiration?

The diaphragm is relaxed.

The lub-dup heart sounds heard during auscultation of the heart are associated with.

The heart valves closing.

Which of the following will increase hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen?

The presence of some O2 already bound to the hemoglobin

Which of the following does NOT modify cardiovascular center activity

Thermoreceptors

The " Adams apple" is located on which cartilage?

Thyroid Cartilage

Which of the following is responsible for keeping the lungs from collapsing?

Transpulmonary Pressure

This valve is found between the right atrium and the right ventricle.

Tricuspid

This is the muscular layer of blood vessels.

Tunica Media

All of the following are found in large arteries Except.

Valves

Blood is carried to the heart by these vessels.

Veins

These vessels also serve as a blood reservoir.

Veins

Venules unite to form.

Veins

During what phase does stroke volume decrease in the ventricles?

Ventricular ejection

These vessels carry blood toward the heart.

Venules

When holding our breath for a long time we get the urge to breathe because of_______.

an increase in CO2

Baroreceptors in our arteries respond to

an increase in blood pressure

Blood is prevented from flowing back into the left ventricle by the

aortic semilunar valve

The majority of carbon dioxide is transported.

as bicarbonate ions

The first portion of the aorta is called the

ascending aorta

The amount of blood pumped out of each ventricle in 1 middle is called

cardiac output

Deoxygenated blood from the myocardium enters the right atrium through the

coronary sinus

The most important factor for stretching cardiac muscle is

end diastolic volume.

Hypertension can decrease cardiac output by directly causing an increase in

end systolic volume.

In the tissues, hemoglobin will release some oxygen and bind to____

hydrogen ions

Blood flow is inversely proportional to the

peripheral resistance

Long-term mechanism control blood pressure by

regulating blood volume

All of the following are part of the conduction zone except the

respiratory bronchioles