Test #2 chat. 5

To test his measure, Dr. Sheffield gives his measure to a group of his clients and at the same time measures how many times they have been gambling in the past month. He predicts that clients who score higher on his measure will also report gambling more times in the past month. This procedure is meant to provide evidence for what?

"known group" paradigm

What are characteristic features of all operational definitions?

A B C

Dr. Valencia is concerned whether her measure will really measure narcissism or if it will measure some other related concept. She is concerned about the scale's ________.

validity*

A correlation-based statistic called ________ is commonly used to determine internal reliability.

Cronbach's Alpha

Before using the measure in her study, Dr. Valencia gives the measure to a group of students on Tuesday. She gives the measure to them again on Thursday. She then compares the scores between the two days. What is this a test of?

DV measure's test-retest reliability.

Dr. Valencia calculates a correlation coefficient (r) to examine the relationship between Question 1 and Question 2 and between Question 1 and Question 3. She finds a correlation coefficient of r 0.73 between Questions 1 and 2 and a correlation coefficient of r 0.74 between Questions 1 and 3. What can you conclude of her findings?

appears to be good internal reliability in the scale.

Dr. Sheffield has now decided that he wants to test his measure on some university students (who some estimates say have a 6% prevalence rate of compulsive gambling). He has a group of 100 university students complete his measure. He also has them complete two other measures (one that measures addictive behavior in general and one that measures general attitudes toward gambling). He finds that his new measure is positively associated with each of these other measures. This procedure has provided evidence for the ________ of Dr. Sheffield's measure.

conjervent validity

Dr. Sheffield gives his measure to his supervisor, who is also an expert in pathological gambling. His supervisor says that his measure appears to test all the components of pathological gambling, including feeling restless when attempting to stop gambling, jeopardizing jobs in order to keep gambling, and using gambling to escape from problems and a bad mood. Given this information, Dr. Sheffield's measure has evidence of what?

content validity*

Your friend Dominic is complaining about having to take the Graduate Record Examination (GRE), a test similar to the ACT and SAT that is required to go to graduate school. He complains that it doesn't really measure how well he will likely do in graduate school. Dominic is questioning the ________ of the test.

criterion validity

Another word for discriminant validity is ________ validity.

divergent val.

Dr. Sheffield decides to test the criterion validity of his measure. Dr. Sheffield gives his measure to a group of people that includes suspected problem gamblers and nongamblers. What does he also need to do to get evidence for criterion validity?

needs to ask the same group of people how many times they gambled 2 months later

Before using the measure in her study, Dr. Valencia gives the measure to a group of students on Tuesday. She gives the measure to them again on Thursday. Dr. Valencia is examining the scatterplot of the data she collected on day 1 and day 2. On the scatterplot, she sees that the dots are very close to forming a diagonal line. What does this indicate?

strong positive relationship.

Before using the measure in her study, Dr. Valencia analyzes the data she gets from her students. She looks at the relationship between each of the individual questions. She sees that participants who agree with Question 1 also agree with Question 3 and disagree with Question 2. What is this a test of?

test of internal reliability

Naomi is studying the effect of popularity on academic success for her research methods project. To do this, she has elementary school students rate how popular each member of their class is. She then uses this information to rank the students on popularity (e.g., John is the most popular, Vanessa is the second-most popular). What best describes this variable?

An ordinal scale of measurement best describes this variable.

For her research methods class, Serena plans to interview several teachers about their attitude toward teaching children who have attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This is an example of what type of measurement?

Self- report A method of measuring a variable in which people answer questions about themselves in a questionary or interview

What is the difference between a ratio scale of measurement and an interval scale of measurement?

a ratio scale of measurement has a zero value that actually means "nothing" or "the absence of something" but an interval scale does not.

To test his measure, Dr. Sheffield gives his measure to a group of people in Gamblers Anonymous (GA) and another group of people in Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). He finds that people in the GA group have higher scores on his new measure than people in the AA group. What is this procedure

evidence for criterion validity

In interrogating the construct validity of a measure, which question should a researcher ask?

is there enough evidence that this measure is valid?

For his research methods class, Felipe plans to watch how teachers treat children in their classrooms who have ADHD. He will evaluate how positively or negatively the children are treated. This is an example of what type of measurement?

observational measurement.

Todd is also studying the effect of popularity on academic success for his research methods project. He decides to measure popularity by asking each elementary school student to tell him how many friends he or she has. He assumes that more friends means the student is more popular. What best describes this variable?

ratio scale of measurement best describes this variable.

If Dr. Sheffield's measure does not actually measure pathological gambling, his measure is said to lack what?

validity

Hosea is studying the relationship between caffeine consumption and problem-solving ability. What would be a quantitative way to operationalize problem-solving ability?

The time spent solving a math problem

Dr. Valencia is concerned about the validity of the measure of narcissism recommended by her colleague. She sends a copy of the measure to the faculty members in her psychology department to look at and they all tell her it looks like it will measure narcissism. She now has evidence of what?

face validity

What sort of correlations would the psychologist hope to find in order to establish discriminant validity?

r= .18