Test 2 for Criminology (Prof. Quint) Chapters 4, 5 ,6
Former Texas Congressman Robert Francis "Beto" O' Rourke Quote about Assault Rifles in America
"Hell, yes, we are going to take your AR-15, your AK-47, and we're not going to allow it to be used against your fellow Americans anymore."
Police Task Forces in metropolitan Kansas City
"Operation Legend" is an example of this •necessary for many crimes involving drugs, gangs, terrorism, violent offenders, internet crimes against children, prostitution, stolen vehicles, and human trafficking.
**Sociologist Robert K. Merton**
"Theory of Anomie" Strain Theory "it is only when a system of cultural values extols, virtually above all else, certain common symbols of success (GOALS) for the population at large while its social structure rigorously restricts or completely eliminates access to approved modes (MEANS) of acquiring these symbols for a considerable part of the same population, that anti-social (criminal) behavior ensues on a considerable scale"
Definition of Deviance
"is any behavior that violates social norms (rules and expectations), including laws."
2 Sources that FBI relies on to define "Domestic Terrorism"
(1) The Code of Federal Regulations characterizes "terrorism" as including "the unlawful use of force and violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives." (2) (A) acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the U.S. or of any state; (B)appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or affect the conduct of government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping.
10 Dating Sites discussed in class
(1)SeekingArrangement.com (probably the most popular site) (2) Sudy.com (3)SugarDaddyMeet.com (4) SugarDaddy.com (5) SugarDaddyForMe.com (6) Seeking.com (7) MissTravel.com (8) WhatsYourPrice.com (9) AshleyMadison.com (10) HappyMatches.com
**Merton's 5 Modes of Adaptation**
1. Conformity 2. Innovation 3. Ritualism 4. Retreatism 5. Rebellion
Ghost Guns
3D Printed firearms created without the need of serial numbers, meaning they have no link to the original owner. Anyone can create them and the government can't really enforce negative legislation against them
4yr old LeGend Taliferro
4 year old who loved dinosaurs and basketball, was shot in the face and killed while he slept in his apartment bed early in the morning of 29 June 2020 in Kansas City, MO. A man who had been in a dispute with LeGend's father is awaiting trial. The suspected shooter had been trying to find LeGend's dad after that altercation.
Satanic Gangs
Affiliated with the controversial satanic cults worship of specific gods, desecration of graveyards, using Ouija boards to predict the future, ritualistic drug use, animal sacrifices, various witchcraft (Voodoo) and pagan rituals, and submission to sexual abuse and pain, listening to heavy-metal music (Iron Maiden, Venom, Judas Priest, and Dio). They are also identified by their unusual dress: metal spiked wrist cuffs, belts, and anti-Christian items Church of Satan by Anton Szander La Vey
Senior Airman Rico Williams
Airman in charge of the Gangster Disciples that killed Juwan Johnson in Kaiserslautern Germany, Military Gang
"Culture of Poverty"
American Anthropologist Oscar Lewis, wrote book: Five Families: Mexican Case Studies in the Culture of Poverty. He believed that living in poverty, creates its own culture, which is characterized by helplessness, apathy, cynicism, disempowered, and distrust of the social institutions such as schools and the police.
Social Disorganization Theory & Polish Immigrants
American Sociologist William I. Thomas and Polish Sociologist Florian W. Znaniecki wrote the book The Polish Peasant in Europe and America Primarily Chicago, Polish moved there from homogeneous farming in Europe to Hetergeneous crime infested city, caused change in lifestyle over time Thomas and Znaniecki found that crime rates and delinquency rose dramatically, attributing this to social disorganization (the breakdown of effective social bonds, family and neighborhood associations, and loss of social controls in neighborhoods and communities).
"Islamaphobia"
An exaggerated fear, hatred, and hostility toward Islam and Muslims that is perpetuated by negative stereotypes resulting in bias, discrimination, and the marginalization and exclusion of Muslims from social, political, and civic life.
"Green Tip" Bullets
Armour Piercing (AP) Bullets typically fired by gang members or army personell. Bullets that have 100% intent to kill the designated target
America's First Community-Based Delinquency Prevention Program
Chicago Area Project (CAP) was established, an experiment in neighborhood reorganization and community-based delinquency prevention program. CAP was initiated by the Institute for Juvenile Research where Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay worked. coordinated with existing community support groups: local schools, churches, labor unions, clubs, and merchants. Special efforts were made to control delinquency through recreational facilities, summer camps, better law enforcement, upgrading local schools, sanitation, and general appearance. 87 years later, CAP still exists and is active in Chicago today.
David Weikart and Charles Beatty
Conducted the Perry Preschool Project designed to lessen the disparity between goals and means in society, and to develop skills that would give children the means of getting ahead at school and in the workplace, while reducing the amount and seriousness of delinquent behavior Very effective program
General Strain Theory
Criminality results when a person is treated in a way he or she does not want to be treated in a social relationship. Anger and frustration results. Agnew concludes that each type of strain increases a person's feelings of anger, fear, or depression. The most critical reaction for General Strain Theory is ANGER, an emotion that increases the desire for revenge, which helps justify aggressive behavior 1. Strain caused by failure to achieve positively valued goals 2.Stress caused by the removal of positively valued stimuli from the individual 3.Strain caused by the presentation of negative stimuli
Social Disorganization Theory
Criminologists Robert E. Park and Ernest W. Burgess brought ecological analysis into the study of human society five (5) concentric zones Zone 1: Central Buisness District (CBD) "The Loop" Zone 2: "Zone in Transition (disadvantaged/impoverished zone) Zone 3: Working Class (basic jobs, enjoyment) Zone 4: Residential Zone (middle class, small busness owners) Zone 5: Commuter Zone (Rich/Affluent Suburbs)
"Conduct Norms"
Cultural Conflict Theory Swedish Sociologist Johan Thorsten Sellin (norms that regulate our daily lives), are rules that reflect the attitudes of the groups to which each of us belong. Their purpose is to define what behavior is considered appropriate or normal, and what behavior is considered inappropriate or abnormal. Sellin argued that different groups have different "conduct norms" and that the conduct norms of one group, may conflict with those of another group
Cultural Conflict Theory
Cultural Conflict Theory Swedish Sociologist Johan Thorsten Sellin (norms that regulate our daily lives), are rules that reflect the attitudes of the groups to which each of us belong. Their purpose is to define what behavior is considered appropriate or normal, and what behavior is considered inappropriate or abnormal. Sellin argued that different groups have different "conduct norms" and that the conduct norms of one group, may conflict with those of another group
"Operation Legend" - Kansas City & which other 9 cities?
Detroit, Cleveland, Milwaukee, Baltimore, Chicago, Albuquerque, St. Lous, Memphis, Indianapolis
Sociologist Robert Agnew
Developed General Strain Theory stressed that Criminality results when a person is treated in a way he or she does not want to be treated in a social relationship. Anger and frustration results. concludes that each type of strain increases a person's feelings of anger, fear, or depression. The most critical reaction for General Strain Theory is ANGER, an emotion that increases the desire for revenge, which helps justify aggressive behavior
Table 5.1
Different Modes of Adaptation 1. Conformity 2. Innovation 3. Ritualism 4. Retreatism 5. Rebellion
FBI to Congress: Investigating 850 Open Cases of Domestic Terrorism in America
Domestic Terrorism centers around homegrown hate and violence, and these terrorists are radicalizing quickly online with few gateways or barriers. The threat of Domestic Terrorism continues to grow. McGarrity said preventign terrorism is the U.S. FBI's top priority
Early French Sociologist Emilie Durkheim: "Anomie"
Durkheim was the first to coin the term "Anomie". "Anomie" is the breakdown of social order as a result of the loss of standards and values. Durkheim believed "Anomie" was the result of sudden economic changes that causes prosperity or depression.
Main Avenue to Upward Social Mobility in the U.S. is through what?
EDUCATION Employment Rates increase with higher education
PETA
Example of Rebellionists Not completely for ethical treatment of animals
Samuel Mullet, SR. Federal Court Hate Crimes Trial
FBI Charged him with Hate Crimes allowed the beatings of those who disobeyed him, made some members sleep in a chicken coop for days, had sexual relations with married women to "cleanse them of the devil", and permitted his sons and others to forcibly cut the beards of men and the hair of women who had left the group over various religious disagreements.
Mike McGarrity, FBI Special Agent
FBI's former Assistant Director Counterterrorism Division said that "domestic terrorists" are violent extremists who target and recruit and spread their message of hate on a global scale "domestic terrorists are individuals who commit violent criminal acts in furtherance of ideological goals stemming from domestic influences, such as racial bias and anti-government sentiment."
Morris Dees, Joseph J. Levin, and Julian Bond founded what?
Founded Sothern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) •is known for its legal cases against white supremacist groups, its classification of hate groups and other extremist organizations, and for promoting tolerance education programs.
John Africa
Founded a group called "MOVE", ideology centers on black liberation, environmentalism, outspoken advocates against animal abuse, and police brutality. They also advocated a radical form of green politics, and a return to a hunter-gatherer society, stating their opposition to science, medicine, and technology. They had 2 violent standoffs with Phili. P.D. in May 1985, the second one ended with Lieutenant Frank Powell dropping 2, 1 pound bombs on the riot causing a fire killing 12 individuals including John Africa
Gun Violence Mini-Paper
Gun violence is a very prevalent issue in America for numerous reasons, such as (but are not limited to): ghost guns (3d Printed guns), red flag laws (Legislation permitting an individual to say some one is having mental problems that owns a gun and the gov can take their gun away for a dedicated amount of time), smart guns (Guns that require a saftey net to fire the gun ex. fingerprint, rings, watches that permit the gun to fire), higher %age of deaths in the U.S. from firearms are caused by suicides, roughly 14k people die each year from firearms, fake news reguarding gun statistics, background checks for mental health and in gun shows
Smart Guns
Guns that fire only when the owner of the gun is weilding it, this is done by using their fingerprint, a personal ring, or a watch that is connected to the gun & releasing the safety when in combination with these articles
Hate Groups 1999-2018 increasing
Hate groups reach a new record high in 2018: SPCL
Unemployment Rates and Earnings as they relate to Education Attainment in 2020
Higher unemployment the lower the education, vice verse
Jenna Jameson "Queen of Porn"
Innovationist Millionare in the Porn industry
WWII B-17 Bomber "The Hells Angels"
It was the first heavy B-17 bomber from the 8th Air Force to complete 25 combat missions in the European Theater, May 13th, 1942 Flew a total of 48 missions w/o any injured crewmen or aborts The "Hell's Angels" returned to the United States in January 1944 to tour various war factories. Commander & Pilot Captain Irl E. Baldwin Motto was "Might In Flight"
Table 5.2
Job Corps Common Measurements 1. Placement 2. Certificate Attainment 3. Literacy/Numeracy Increased/Decreased over the years when attempting to reach their Target compared to Results
Jobs Corps
Jobs-training program for young Americans a Federal Program administered by the US Department of Labor that offers free of charge vocational and academic training to at risk young men and women, ages 16-24
Muderers of KIer Lapri Katier, Rayanna Pardo, and Chyna Carrillo
Latinx 24-year-old transgender woman who was killed in New Wilmington
Kansas City Police Chief Rick Smith
Linked to "Weed & Seed" "The amount of gunfire in the city is absolutely horrible," calling the number of 2020 homicides "unprecedented." Kansas City Mayor Quinton Lucas said he was "heartbroken and disgusted" by violence in the city. He planned to meet with Missouri Gov. Mike Parson and would support legislation that enhances penalties for gun-related crimes. It is unsafe right now," Helped Create "Operation Legend"
Missouri Govenor Washington quote
Mike Parson former police criminal investigator and Missouri Sheriff, for Federal Assistance to help combat the spiking gun violence and illegal gun cases, enforce federal gun laws, combat out of control homicide rate in 2020 (previous slide), violent crime, and gang violence especially after the death of George Floyd on 25 May 2020. Contributed to Operation Legend
"Focal Concerns Theory" & 6 Focal Concerns
Miller's "Focal Concerns Theory" was developed in 1962 and consisted of six (6) "focal concerns" that he believed the lower-class males give persistent (daily) attention to. These were: Trouble, Toughness, Excitement, Smartness, Luck, and Autonomy. These six "focal concerns" DEFINE STATUS in the gang delinquency stems from a "lower-class subculture" which has its own integrity and value system which has arisen through conflict with the middle-class values and norms
Firearm Deaths vs. Motor Vehicle Deaths in America
Motor Vehicle deaths are decreasing whilst Firearm deaths are increasing (1999-2014) Suicide is on the uprise
State Line Road in Kansas City
Multidisciplinary approach to case investigations uses specialists in various fields from within a particular jurisdiction. Multijurisdictional investigation approach to case investigations use personnel from different police agencies. 2 main Organized Crime Families operating in the Metro Kansas City area, including the Nickolas Civella Crime Family, and the John Sciortino Crime Family. The "Mob" in Kansas City is deeply involved in the following passport fraud, access device fraud, identify theft, healthcare fraud, real estate fraud, insurance fraud, money laundering, drug trafficking, human smuggling, prostitution, extortion, and now, even black-marketing human organs.
Dr. S. Stephen Uslan
National Director of Job Corps in 1964 US Department of Labor that offers free of charge vocational and academic training to at risk young men and women, ages 16-24. Since it's inception in 1964, Job Corps has served more than 1.8 million at risk young people. Job Corps serves approximately 60,000 youths (that are drug free) each year at its 125 Centers nationwide. The average stay in Job Corps is just short of a year, at an annual cost of $18,831 per student, far less than juvenile detention at $29,600 per year, and a residential drug treatment facility at $19,000 per year.
Figure 5.2
Perry Preschool Project Employment rates doubled, rates of post secondary education doubled, teen pregnancy rated was cut in half, high school graduation rates were higher, and arrest rates were significantly lower.
Criminologist Edwin Sutherland: Differential Association Theory (DAT)
Principles of Criminology DAT states that criminal behavior is LEARNED, through social interaction in intimate personal groups, through an elaborate process of communication. "definitions favorable to violations of the law", or "definitions unfavorable to violations of the law". believed if there are more criminal definitions favorable to violating the law, the person will engage in criminality. If there are more definitions unfavorable to violations of the law, the person will become a law abiding, conformist individual. Sutherland also believed the ratio of these definitions (either + or -) pulls or pushes ("tilts") the individual towards criminality or conformity
Retreatists
Retreatists are the individuals who give up both the goals (can't achieve them) and the means (why try?) and retreat into a world of drug addiction and alcoholism. Because they have totally given up, they are known as "double failures".
Second Amendment
Right to keep and bear arms
Ritualists
Ritualists are individuals who abandon the goals they once believed to be within reach, and resign themselves to their boring, mundane lifestyles. They play by the rules, punch a time clock, work on assembly lines, hold middle-management jobs, or follow some kind of safe daily routine.
Gangster's Disciples of Kaiserslautern, Germany
Senior Airman Rico Williams responsible for the death of Army Seargent Juwan L. Johnson in 2005, him and 11 other soldies/airmen had a 6 minute "jumping in" where they pummbled Johnson to death
Figure 6.2
Showcases the numerous crimes gangs commit This is the topic of "drive-by-shootings"
"Black Thursday", 24 OCT. 1929
Stock Market Crash ("Black Thursday", 24 OCT 1929) major American stock market crash that occurred in the autumn of 1929. It started in September and ended late in October, when share prices on the New York Stock Exchange collapsed. led to great depression (i think)
Goals vs. Means
Strain Theory, Robert King Merton "it is only when a system of cultural values extols, virtually above all else, certain common symbols of success (GOALS) for the population at large while its social structure rigorously restricts or completely eliminates access to approved modes (MEANS) of acquiring these symbols for a considerable part of the same population, that anti-social (criminal) behavior ensues on a considerable scale."
Two Florida Teens held over an alleged Columbine-Style Shooting Plan
The 13- and 14-year-old boys were being held at a juvenile detention center on charges of conspiring to commit a mass shooting. Marceno said the pair were "extensively studying" the Columbine shooting. Investigators found "disturbing evidence" at the boys' homes, including knives and a gun. They also found evidence the boys were attempting to learn how to purchase firearms on the black market and how to construct pipe bombs.
Which law enforcement agency is responsible for tracking and reporting Hate Crimes?
The FBI
Human Rights Campaign, Washington D.C.
The HRC motto: "Working for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Equal Rights." •38 transgender homicides in 2021 as of 4 October 2021. 2021 is on track to be the deadliest year for transgender homicides. •44 transgender homicides in 2020. It was the deadliest year to date. •26 transgender homicides in 2019, all but one were black. •28 transgender homicides in 2018, the majority against black transgender women. •31 transgender homicides in 2017. •Nearly 9 in every 10 victims are transgender females, almost always Black.
Increase in "Racist Skinheads" in America
The number of "racist skinheads" in the U.S. is growing at an alarming rate. In 1988, 1,500 skinheads were operating in 12 states. In 2006, the Anti-Defamation League (founded in NYC in Sept 1913) identified 110 racist skinhead groups operating in all 50 states, with a membership of approximately 10,000. The hate continues.
"Sugar Daddies" & "Sugar Babies"
The website mentions that currently there are 8.7 million female "Sugar Babies", 3.2 million male "Sugar Babies", 2.1 million "Sugar Daddies", and 370,000 "Sugar Mommas" for the year 2020. Some "Sugar Babies" even go on to marry their "Sugar Daddies".
Number of MS-13 gang members in the U.S. & worldwide
There are approximately 30,000-50,000 MS-13 gang members world-wide, 8-10,000 live in the United States
Second Chance Grace in Meridian, Idaho, led by Pastor Peter Vasquez
They offer ex-gang members free or reduced cost laser tattoo removals.
Criminologists Robert E. Park & Ernest W. Burgess
They wrote the book, Human Ecology. The book studied Ecology (the study of plants and animals in relation to each other, and to their natural habitat, the place where they live and grow). Park and Burgess believed crime rates were differentially distributed throughout the city of Chicago. They studied "area characteristics" instead of criminals for explanations of high crime rates
U.S. High School Dropout Rates (2017)
Total 4.7% White 3.9 Black 5.5 Hispanic 6.5 Asain 4.7 American Indian 4.4
IHME (Uni. of Washington) 2016 Study of World-Wide Violent gun Deaths: The #1 Country for Violent Gun Deaths
U.S. Ranked 31st in World on Highest Rates of Violent Gun Deaths Worldwide Other Nations w/ higher rates than U.S.: Cape Verde, Philippines, South Africa, Lesotho, Thailand, Iraq
5 "Concentric Zones" of Chicago
Zone 1: Central Buisness District (CBD) "The Loop" Zone 2: "Zone in Transition (disadvantaged/impoverished zone) Zone 3: Working Class (basic jobs, enjoyment) Zone 4: Residential Zone (middle class, small busness owners) Zone 5: Commuter Zone (Rich/Affluent Suburbs)
Timothy McVeigh and the Oklahoma City Federal Building Bombing
a "domestic terrorist", was convicted of murder, conspiracy, and using a weapon of mass destruction in the 19 April 1995 bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building in OKC that killed 168 people, but McVeigh was NOT convicted of domestic terrorism. Revolutionist
Head Start Program
a federal program that provides academically focused preschool to students of low socioeconomic status first launched in 1965 by its creator and first Director, Jule Sugarman (photo right) who lead the Program for its first 5 years
ANTIFA
a political protest movement comprising autonomous, left-wing liberal groups who HATED President Donald Trump and Vice President Pence, affiliated by their militant opposition to fascism and other forms of extreme right-wing ideology
"Jumping In" Initiation
a series of beatings over a set period of time by a certain number of members to see if the initiates are tough enough to join the gang.
Estimated number of gangs in the U.S. Military
about 1-2% of the U.S. Armed Forces members are estimated to belong to criminal gangs in the U.S., which is 50 to 100 times the rate in the general population
FBI Gang INvestigator Jennifer Simon
about 1-2% of the U.S. Armed Forces members are estimated to belong to criminal gangs in the U.S., which is 50 to 100 times the rate in the general population. stated, "gangs are most prevalent in the Army, the USAR, and the ARNG, but gang activity is pervasive throughout all branches of the military and is most common among the junior enlisted ranks." By July 2018, Simon announced that there were 1.4-1.5 million gang members in the US military, a 40% increase since 2009.
Gangster Disciples
an African American street and prison gang Linked to the death of an army soldier Juwan Johnson
Dating Websites: SeekingArrangement.com and SugarDaddy.com
an American "sugar baby and sugar daddy" dating websites "Innovation"
Ted Kaczynski (Unabomber)
an American domestic terrorist and former mathematics professor. He was a mathematics prodigy, but abandoned his academic career in 1969 to pursue a primitive life. Rebellionist
Chicago Area Project-87 Years Strong
an experiment in neighborhood reorganization and community-based delinquency prevention program CAP is believed to be America's first community-based delinquency prevention program.
Joe Klein, Time Magazine Columnist
called for elimination of Head Start, citing an internal Dept of Health and Human Services report that the Program is costly and makes a negligible impact on children's well-being over time. Klein wrote, "You take the million or so poorest 3 and 4-year old children and give them a leg up on socialization and education by providing preschool for them. If it works, it saves money in the long run by producing fewer criminals and welfare recipients . . . and it is now 45 years later. We spend more than $7 Billion providing Head Start to nearly 1 million children each year. And finally, there is indisputable evidence about the Program's effectiveness, provided by the Dept of Health and Human Services: Head Start simply does not work."
Delinquent Gangs
criminal activities include physical assaults, theft, burglary, and distribution of illegal drugs The Sex Girls (Hispanic Gang), The Five Percent Nation (Black Gang), The Sandman Ladies (Racially Mixed Gang). "Corner Boys" "College Boys" "Delinquent Boys" resort to a reaction formation
"Rumspringa"
cultural "right of passage" among the Amish, usually around the ages of 16-18. Translated from German, Rumspringa means "jumper" or "hopping around", when they choose to be baptized within the Amish Church or leave the Amish community all together
18 U.S.C. Section 2331
defines "Domestic Terrorism" (A) acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the U.S. or of any state (B) appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or affect the conduct of government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping.
Criminologists Clifford R. Shaw and Henry D. McKay: "Cultural Transmission"
delinquency was socially learned behavior, that was transmitted from generation to generation in these disorganized urban areas. Shaw and McKay called this "Cultural Transmission".
Perry Preschool Project
demonstrated the lasting effects of high-quality preschool on educational and economic outcomes 123 Black children (ages 3 and 4) participated in the Perry Preschool Project. Half of the children entered a high-quality preschool program based on the "High/Scope" active learning approach for 2.5 hours a day for two full years, with a classroom ratio of 5 children for each teacher, with the teacher visiting the child's home weekly. The other half received no preschool education advantages
Operation Weed and Seed
federal, state, and local effort to improve quality of life in targeted high-crime urban areas across the country The comprehensive strategy was to "weed out" negative influences (drugs, gangs, crime) and "seed in" positive influences (prevention and intervention). When "Operation Weed and Seed" began in 1991, there were only three (3) targeted cities: Kansas City, MO; Trenton, NJ; and Omaha, NE. Eight years later, by 1999, the list of cities had increased to 200 cities with "Weed and Seed
NY Attorney General Letitia James
filed a lawsuit to dissolve the NRA after investigating the organization since February 2019. The lawsuit claims that senior leadership of the NRA has illegally used the NRA's charitable finances for personal use, like family trips to the Bahamas which included private jets and expensive meals. It also claims the NRA has awarded contracts "to the financial gain of close associates and family and doled out lucrative no-show contracts to former employees in order to buy their silence and continued loyalty."
Problem of Gun violence and Suicides in America
findings show that nearly 2/3 of all gun deaths are due to suicides, not homicide or mass shootings. Firearm suicide is a significant public health crisis in the U.S.. Nearly two-thirds (65%) of all gun deaths in the U.S. are SUICIDES
Bee Love Slater Hate Crime Murder
found dead in a burning car outside Clewistown, FL •Police arrested a "person of interest" Jamson Richemond (29, right) in the death of Slater. Slater's body was burned beyond recognition, her identity confirmed through dental records
Red Flag Laws
gun control law that permits police or family members to petition a state court to order the temporary removal of firearms from a person who may present a danger to others or themselves.
Pastor Chuck Chipman and Sylvia Farmer-Drew
helped approximately fifteen (15) former gang members and their families escape the gangs and relocate out of state A Church Based Organization "Project Freedom" (Wichita, KS) has developed an "Underground Railroad" system to help gang members and their families escape the gangs and move to freedom out of state
Innovationists
individuals who accept society's goals, but because they have few legitimate means of achieving them, they design their own means ("thinking outside the box") for achieving the goal Ex. Brandon Wade (SeekingArrangement.com), Jenna Jameson (Millionare pornstar, "Queen of Porn"), Costal Cali. Uni. cheerleaders selling their bodies for money
"Double Failures"
individuals who give up both the goals (can't achieve them) and the means (why try?) and retreat into a world of drug addiction and alcoholism Retreatism
Subculture Definition
is defined as a subdivision within the dominant culture that has its own norms, beliefs, and values. Subcultures typically emerge when people in similar circumstances find themselves isolated from the mainstream, and band together for mutual support.
British Physc. Anne C. Campbell
published the first major work on the lifestyle of female gangs in New York City, 'The Girls in the Gang' Campbell lived with and studied three female gangs in NYC: The Sex Girls (Hispanic Gang), The Five Percent Nation (Black Gang), The Sandman Ladies (Racially Mixed Gang). Campbell concluded that girls join gangs to escape a poor home life (physical and sexual assaults by the father or brothers), a search for an identity, a search for social interaction and belonging, for mutual support, protection, loyalty, "sisterhood" and a sense of belonging. Females gain status by living up to the value system of their gang.
Linda Gellman Levin
researched how some college female students become escorts, strippers, and high priced prostitutes to pay for college, rather than taking out hug student loan debts (the average student loan debt in 2020 is $32,731 for a four year degree, taking 21.1 years to pay off)
"Ordnung"
translated from German meaning "order"), which is a "code of conduct", set of behavioral rules, standards, organization and discipline, they live their daily lives by. "Ordnung" is used and is meant to generate peace, love, contentment, equality, and unity, togetherness, and fellowship Amish (Cultural Deviance)
Sociologist Willaim I. Thomas & Florian W. Znaniecki
wrote the book The Polish Peasant in Europe and America Social Disorganization Theory (1920) social disorganization (the breakdown of effective social bonds, family and neighborhood associations, and loss of social controls in neighborhoods and communities).
Suicides using firearms in the U.S.
§Suicides are the 10th leading cause of death in the United States. In 2017, more than 47,000 Americans died by suicide, an average of 129 per day. In 2017, firearms were used in more than half of these suicides. §In 2010, 19,392 Americans committed suicide using a firearm. Typically the victims are almost always male. §In 2016, there were 38,658 total deaths from guns in America, however, only 14,925 were from homicide. The leading cause of death by gun was suicide with 22,938 deaths. These findings show that nearly 2/3 of all gun deaths are due to suicides, not homicide or mass shootings.
Rebellionists
§reject both the cultural goals and the legitimate means. Many of these individuals substitute their own goals (get rid of the establishment) and their own means (violent protests and anarchy). They have an alternate scheme for a new social structure. They have lost faith in the legitimacy of the U.S. government, believe society and government is corrupt, and want to establish their own alternative quasi governmental structure.They will resort to violence and killing, wanting to annihilate everyone in the process to achieve their goals
Section 802 of the USA Patriot Act (P.L. 107-56)
•Section 802 of the USA PATRIOT ACT (P.L. 107-56). According to 18 U.S.C. Section 2331 (5), domestic terrorism occurs primarily within U.S. territorial jurisdiction, and involves: (A) acts dangerous to human life that are a violation of the criminal laws of the U.S. or of any state; (B)appear to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian population; influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or affect the conduct of government by mass destruction, assassination, or kidnapping
American Historian Allan J. Lichtman & his book 'Repeal the Second Amendment'
•The first option requires that any proposed amendment to the Constitution be passed by both the House and the Senate with two-thirds majorities. It would then need to be ratified by three-fourths of the 50 states - or 38 of them. •The second option for repealing an amendment is to hold a Constitutional Convention. In that case, two-thirds of state legislatures would need to call for such a convention, and states would write amendments that would then need to be ratified by three-fourths of the states.
