test 2 review questions
carbon dioxide fixation
Which is most closely associated with the Calvin cycle?
movement of a substance against its concentration throught the release of energy from ATP
Which is the best definition of active transport
potential, kinetic
While we are sitting down to lunch we are consuming ________ energy which will then be converted into ________ energy as we work until dinner time.
glucose
a product of photosynthesis, ______, is the chief source of energy for most organisms
the chromosome copies attach to the plasma membrane and are pulled apart by cell growth the chromosome is a simple DNA strand without complex proteins and there is no spindle formation there is no nuclear membrane to break down and rebuild
binary fission in bacteria differs from mitosis because
chloroplast
during the light reactions, what structure is responsible for absorbing the solar energy
photosystem II
oxygen production in photosynthesis
peripheral if they are on the inside surface held in place by the cytoskeletion and intergral if they are embedded from the membrane and protrude from either surfaces of the bilayer
proteins in a membrane are
Use oxygen since aerobic metabolism provides more ATP per molecule of carbohydrate than anaerobic metabolism.
some bacteria are strict aerobes and others are strict anaerobes. some bacteria are facultative anaerobes and can live with or without oxygen. if given the choice of using oxygen or not, which pathway should a facultative anaerobe perform
is water formed during the electron transport chain
some desert beetles can live without ever drinking liquid water. they survive pn "metabolic water," which
the presence of other enzymes
the activity an an enzyme might be increased by all of the following except
true
the breakdown of glucose in cellular respiration is a catabolic reaction
false
the final electron acceptor in glycolysis is oxygen and this step will occur within the matrix of the mitochondria
true
the first event in the calvin cycle is the attachment of carbon dioxide to the five-carbon RuBP molecule, which forms a 6 carbon molecule that breaks down into 3PG molecules
cholesterol, lipid in nature, and a steriod
the fluidity by stiffening the mebrane at higher temperatures and preventing the membrane from freezing at a lower temp is
angiogenesis
the growth of blood vessels into the tumor directed by additional mutations in tumor cells brings nutrients and oxygen to a tumor
false
the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the stroma of the chloroplast
the citric acid cycle
the majority of the carbon dioxide we exhale is produced in
pyruvates into acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide
the preparatory reaction coverts
isotonic
there is no net movement of water
oxygen and carbohydrate
what are the end products of photosynthesis
glucose and oxygen
what are the end products of photosynthesis?
active
what type of transport mechanism is required to move sodium ions against their concentration gradient
water will move into the celery cells from the surrounding solution
what will happen to a celery stick that is places in a glass of water?
carbon dioxide would not be fixed to RuBP, stalling the Calvin cycle
what would happen if a drug directly interfered with the functioning of RuBP carboxylase?
carbon dioxide in the air spaces of the leaf would decrease oxygen in the air spaces would increase photorespiration would increase in CAM plants
what would happen if the stomata of a leaf remained closed all day?
the size of the molecule the shape the chemical properties of the molecule charage of the molecule
whether a molecule can cross the plasma membrane depends upon
RuBP carboxylase
which fixation of carbon dioxide in the first step of the Calvin cycle is facilitated by which enzyme
kinetic energy: movement of muscules
which form of energy is not correctly associated with the related example?
a muscle contracting
which i not a form of potential energy
the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area od higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration
which is the best definition of osmosis?
competitive inhibition, the inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme noncompetitive inhibition, the inhabitor binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme irreversible inhibition, a poison bunds to the enzyme so that it can never work again most inhibitors act in a reversible fashion
which of the following is a true statement about enzyme inhibition
the movement of chlorine ions from an area of low concentration on one side of the mebrane to an area of high concentration on the other side of the membrane
which of the following is an example of active transport through a cell membrane
snickers bar apple glass of milk
which of the following is an example of potential energy
plants algae some bacteria
which of the following organisms are capable of photosynthesis
channel proteins - block the activity of carrier proteins
which of the following protein functions as not correctly associated with the correct integral protein
glucose and oxygen
which of the following substrates are required for cellular respiration?
glycolysis
which of these processes occurs in the cytosol
Fermentation
which process produces alcohol or lactate
prophase, prometaphase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
which sequence of the mitotic stages is correct
an enzyme's activity is generally reduced by an increase in substrate concentration
which statement is not true about how various conditions will affect the activity of an enzyme
proteins and phospholipids can move sideways within the plane of the membrane
which statement is true about the plasma membrane
Na+
which type of molecule will not diffuse directly across the cell membrane without the help of transport proteins
They reflect green wavelengths of light and absorb blue and red light
why are plants green
nonpolar molecules are similar in composition to the phospholipid center of the membrane. they can cross the membrane at no energy cost
why can nonpolar molecules freely cross the cell membrane while polar molecules require energy
the plant's cells would lose water and plasmolysis would occur
if a living plant moved from a freshwater aquarium to a saltwater aquarium, which of the following would occur
G3P would be produced in much smaller quantities G3P would be produced in much greater quantities
if plants were no longer able to perform the light reactions and they could only utilize the Calvin cycle, which would be true
are about 12 enzymes, at least one responsible for each step in the metabolic pathway.
if there are 12 different intermediate products produced in the stages of a metabolic pathway within a cell, we can expect that there
phosphate heads are oriented toward the exterior of the cell or toward the cytoplasm
in a phospholipid bilayer, the
true
in order to roll a rock down a hillside, you must first push it up the hill. pushing the rock i analogous to the energy of activation of a chemical reaction
occupies the majority of the cell cycle includes G1, S, and G2 results in an increase in cell size
interphase
pyruvate and CoA
acetyl CoA is produced from
requires an input of ATP
active transport
false
an enzyme is a protein that causes the rate of the reaction to slow down
hypotonic; a contractile vacuole
freshwater protozoans react to a ________ environment by removing water through ________
Angiogenesis
cancer cells require many nutrients which are supplied by blood vessels. the growth of new blood vessels into cancerous tissue
true
chloroplasts are capable of performing photosynthesis which is the most common anabolic process on the planet
use significant amounts of oxygen to produce ATP
compared with other components found in a plant cell such as the cell membrane, the chloroplasts or the nucleus, the mitochondria would be the only one that would
36-38
complete oxidative breakdown of glucose results in ________ ATP molecules
used to drive an endergonic reaction
coupling occurs when the energy released by an exergonic reaction is
can only occur if there is an input of energy
endergonic reactions
the tails of a phospholipid are hydrophobic and therefore would not be oriented towards the hydrophilic head of the next phospholipid
explain why the head of one phospholipid would never be found pointing to the tail of another phospholipid
true
fermentation follows glycolysis in some cells when oxygen is not available
true
fermentation is the process that produces bubbles of carbon dioxide that makes bread dough rise
glycolysis
first phase of cellular respiration is
