test 3

TRUE or FALSE (Choose one). Some of the first words in an infant's mental lexicon are the names for mother and father - e.g., mommy and daddy.

true

TRUE or FALSE (Choose one). You can subitize.

true

7. State and briefly describe three of the five counting principles children achieve between ages 3-5.

-one-one - -stable-order - -cardinal

Who were the participants?

1 year olds

. State the experiment effect depicted in the figure below (Figure 8.3). (line graph one )

1-year olds are able to accurately note where something is hidden

At approximately what age do children develop a naïve (informal) theory of psychology

18-months

State at roughly what age children can solve typical addition problems like 2 + 3 = 5.

4 or 5

. State the semantic relations in each of these two-word constructions:45a. Daddy's chair 45b. Book table 45c. Go store 45d. Daddy ball 45e. Hit ball 45f. Daddy hit

45a. Possession - "Daddy's chair" indicates that the chair belongs to Daddy. 45b. Function - "Book table" describes the table's function, which is to hold books. 45c. Movement - "Go store" indicates the action of going to the store. 45d. Possession - "Daddy ball" indicates that the ball belongs to Daddy. 45e. Action - "Hit ball" describes the action of hitting the ball. 45f. Action and Agent - "Daddy hit" describes the action of hitting, with "Daddy" as the agent or doer of the action.

Rieser et al. (1994) asserted that motor and cognitive spatial representations are closely linked. Briefly, but clearly, state the evidence from their experiment with 5-year olds who were tested in their homes that supports their assertion.

5-year olds were tested in their homes - -asked to imagine kindergarten classroom and specific movements - e.g. walking to teachers desk - and then pointing to certain objects

Be familiar with the Bomba and Siqueland (1983) experiment.

Bomba and Siqueland (1983) showed 3- and 4- month olds distorted dot patterns (Figure 8.2). • After viewing the distortions, preferred looking at other patterns, not the prototype - they knew the prototype • As time passed, preferred looking at the distorted patterns (which they forgot) than the prototype (which they remembered)

What makes something an instance of a concept or category? In other words, why do we consider some things, dogs, cats, pencils, etc.?

Category members are the same or similar in some way.

. State three experimental findings related to children's processing of time.

Infants have a basic sense of time.5-year-olds can accurately estimate durations of 30 seconds.children can tell you that an event from 1 week ago occurred earlier than on from 7 weeks ago

Be familiar with the Keil and Batterman (1984 experiment.

Keil and Batterman (1984) used paired stories (e.g., island) with characteristic and defining features (see Table 8.3). • Showed that 5-year-olds relied on defining features with familiar concepts ("robber') • 9-year-olds generally used defining features.

. List 5 of the most frequent first words U.S. children use.

Mama/mommy Dada/daddy Hi/bye No Dog

. State what we mean by "neural plasticity."

Neural plasticity refers to the brain's ability to reorganize and modify its structure and function in response to changes in the environment, learning, and experience.

Briefly state what it means to subitize.

Subitizing is a fast and automatic perceptual process.

In a few sentences, describe the Wynn (1992) experiment involving addition by 5- month olds.

The Wynn (1992) experiment involved presenting 5-month-old infants with a puppet show in which a puppet would perform addition or subtraction operations on sets of objects. In one condition, the puppet would add or remove one object from a set, while in another condition, the puppet would add or remove two objects.

Name something that you know that has a defining feature.

The sun has a defining feature of being a star that is the closest to the Earth, with its powerful energy output and the ability to sustain life on our planet. It is also the largest object in our solar system and its gravitational pull keeps all planets in their orbits.

Was their performance accurate or inaccurate, according to the figure?

accurate

By 1st grade, approximately how many words can a child comprehend?

around 10,000 words

. TRUE or FALSE (Choose one). Phonemes are directly available to the human ear from the physical environment.

false

6. TRUE or FALSE (Choose one). If the left hemisphere is surgically removed in infancy, the infant will not acquire language.

false

TRUE or FALSE (Choose one). Deaf babies babble at a later age than hearing babies

false

TRUE or FALSE (Choose one). Infants speak their first words at 5 months.

false

TRUE or FALSE (Choose one). Language is always processed in the left hemisphere

false

TRUE or FALSE (Choose one). When I raise my arm, my whole arm moving at the same speed

false

a. In this experiment by Gelman and Markman (1986) were children more likely to associate the center figure with the figure on the far left or far right? Circle your response.

far right

Why did you choose that response?

has the most similar charcterics

At approximately what age do children achieve a naïve (informal) theory of physics?

infant

Label the cortical regions in this figure:

left is broca(speech ) and the right is wernickle (speech)

A calf is raised by pigs. Would kindergarten children think the calf will "moo" or "oink"? (Choose one) Why?

moo,Preschoolers understand that baby animals grow to resemble adults of their species

In one sentence, state what the speech spectrograph in the figure to the left suggests about the perception of the phoneme /d/

simplifed spectrograph patterns showing the signifcnace to produce the syllables da and du

State what social interactionists emphasize in the acquisition of language.

social and cultural factors that shape language development

. State two reasons children aged 3-5 come to believe that plants are living things.

take in food and water - heal after injuries - die and decompose

TRUE or FALSE (Choose one). A 9-month old would be surprised if a chair moved on its own.

true

TRUE or FALSE (Choose one). By 1-year of age, infants begin losing the ability to recognize phonemes that are not in their native language.

true