test 3 ch 14

In which of the following structures would you expect to see afferent ganglia?

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Where would you NOT find a cholinergeric nicotinic receptor?

all parasympathetic target organs

Autonomic ganglia contain ________.

cell bodies of motor neurons

The sacral part of the parasympathetic division serves the pelvic organs and the distal half of the large intestine.

true

Your patient is recovering after a severe allergic reaction to a bee sting. You are instructing him on the use of the epinephrine auto-injection device that has been prescribed for him. Which of the following groups of side effects would NOT be expected after self-injection with epinephrine?

Excessive salivation and pupillary constriction

Which of the following is NOT true about hypertension?

It is a disorder of the parasympathetic division of the ANS.

Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.

NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar.

Once a preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, one of three things can happen to the axon. Which of the following is NOT one of these three things?

The axon can course back into the spinal cord to synapse with preganglionic neurons in a different spinal segment.

The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine during sympathetic stimulation. Which of the following statements describes why epinephrine would increase the sympathetic response?

The same receptors that respond to norepinephrine also respond to epinephrine, increasing the action of both.

`Which of the following does NOT describe the ANS?

a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells

What differentiates an autonomic reflex from a somatic reflex?

a two-neuron motor pathway

Which of the following would not be an example of autonomic neuropathy?

abnormal stretch reflex responses

Which target organ is not affected by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

adrenal medulla

The mushroom poison muscarine can bind to receptors on ________.

all effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers

Which of the following adrenergic neurotransmitter receptors plays the major role in heart activity?

beta 1

Which of the following target organs/systems is affected by the sympathetic nervous system but is NOT affected by the parasympathetic nervous system?

cellular metabolism

Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic division?

contracts smooth muscle of the bladder wall and relaxes urethral sphincter

Drugs called beta-blockers ________.

decrease heart rate and blood pressure

The parasympathetic tone ________.

determines normal activity of the urinary tract

Organophosphate insecticides work by blocking acetylcholinesterase. Which symptom would NOT be typical of poisoning with these agents?

dilated pupils

Which of the following is NOT a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

dilation of the pupils

The parasympathetic fibers of the ________ nerve stimulate many large glands in the head such as the nasal and lacrimal glands.

facial

Albuterol (Ventolin) binds to β2 receptors and is used by asthma patients to constrict the bronchioles of the lungs and ease breathing.

false

All splanchnic nerves are sympathetic.

false

All visceral organs receive dual innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.

false

Because many of the same cardiac cells are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers, the influence of the two divisions on the heart is synergistic, meaning contraction is strongest when both divisions act together.

false

Norepinephrine-releasing fibers are called cholinergic fibers.

false

Somatic and visceral reflex arcs are similar, but visceral reflex arcs lack afferent fibers (visceral sensory neurons).

false

The ANS stimulates smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and glands, whereas the somatic nervous system innervates skeletal muscles only. The ANS stimulates smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and glands, whereas the somatic nervous system innervates skeletal muscles only.

false

The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are two separate systems that work totally independent of each other and lack any functional overlap.

false

The blood vessels of the skin are one of the few areas of the body where the vessels are innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.

false

The effect of beta-blocker drugs (block beta-receptors) is to increase blood pressure.

false

The facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) nerves contain postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system.

false

The gray rami communicantes consist of myelinated postganglionic fibers.

false

The parasympathetic division innervates more organs than the sympathetic division.

false

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS have the same effect on most body organ systems.

false

Thermoregulatory responses to increased heat are mediated by the parasympathetic nervous division.

false

β-adrenergic receptors are the only receptors found on the heart.

false

Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra?

first thoracic

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.

hypothalamus

Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the ________.

hypothalamus

Which of the following appears to exert the most direct influence over autonomic functions?

hypothalamus

Which of the following is responsible for the overall integration of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

hypothalamus

Sympathetic division stimulation causes ________.

increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure

A mugger steals your wallet causing all of the following to happen EXCEPT ________.

increased glucose uptake to the liver from blood

Which of the following is NOT a plexus of the vagus (X) nerve?

inferior hypogastric

Raynaud's disease ________.

is characterized by exaggerated vasoconstriction in the extremities

Erection (vasodilation) of the penis or clitoris ________.

is primarily under parasympathetic control

Parasympathetic functions include ________.

lens accommodation for close vision

Which type of drug would be useful in dilating the pupils for an examination of the retina?

muscarinic receptor inhibitor

Which of the following drug classes would be useful for smoking cessation products?

nicotinic agents

Which receptor paring below is correct?

nicotinic; acetylchline

Which division of the nervous system has long preganglionic neurons?

parasympathetic

Which of the following is mismatched?

parasympathetic postganglionic fibers; release NE

Which of the following is mismatched?

promotes urination; sympathetic

The parasympathetic ganglion that serves the lacrimal gland and nasal mucosa is the ________.

pterygopalatine ganglion

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ in all of the following EXCEPT ________.

regulation of activity by higher brain centers

Which is an exclusively sympathetic function?

regulation of body temperature

Which of these activities is most likely driven by parasympathetic innervation?

resting and digesting

Which of these effectors is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

skeletal muscle

Which of the following is not an autonomic nervous system (ANS) function?

skeletal muscle reflex

Which target organ receives dual innervation?

small intestine

Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic trunks without synapsing form structures called ________.

splanchnic nerves

Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ________.

sympathetic division

The "fight or flight" division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________.

sympathetic division

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________.

sympathetic stimulation

Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, it can do all of the following EXCEPT ________.

synapse with a parasympathetic neuron in the same trunk ganglion

Outflow of the sympathetic division occurs from which regions of the CNS?

thoracic and lumbar

Which set of details correctly identifies a series of events in a sympathetic pathway?

thoracolumbar origin, short preganglionic fiber, ACh release at ganglion, long postganglionic fiber, NE release at effector

Which sympathetic fibers form a splanchnic nerve?

those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia

Acetylcholine is released by all somatic motor neurons, all preganglionic neurons of the ANS and by the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers.

true

Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia, containing the cell bodies of motor neurons.

true

Autonomic ganglia are sights of synapse and information transmission from preganglionic to postganglionic neurons.

true

Cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), and IX (glossopharyngeal) supply the entire parasympathetic innervation of the head; however, only the preganglionic fibers lie within these three pairs of cranial nerves.

true

Most blood vessels are innervated by the sympathetic division alone.

true

Most disorders of the autonomic nervous system reflect abnormalities of smooth muscle control.

true

Most splanchnic nerves pass through the abdominal aortic plexus.

true

Rami communicantes are designated white or gray to indicate whether or not the fibers passing through them are myelinated.

true

Some sympathetic preganglionic fibers stimulate the adrenal medulla to release norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood, producing a "surge of adrenaline."

true

The adrenal medulla is considered by some to be a "misplaced" sympathetic ganglion since embryologically, they arise from the same tissue.

true

The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected.

true

The celiac ganglion is primarily associated with the sympathetic division.

true

The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division.

true

The effect of the parasympathetic division on the penis is vasodilation causing erection, while ejaculation is due to sympathetic stimulation.

true

The rami communicantes are associated only with the sympathetic division of the ANS.

true

The vasomotor tone of blood vessels is mostly under sympathetic control.

true

Visceral reflexes include the reflexes that empty the bladder and the rectum.

true

Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve ________.

vagus

The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the ________.

vagus nerves

The smooth muscle of the digestive viscera is served largely by the ________.

vagus nerves

Which of the following is an effect of norepinephrine binding to beta 2 adrenergic receptors?

vasodilation

Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that ________.

visceral arcs involve two motor neurons

Where would you NOT find autonomic ganglia?

within the spinal cord