test 3
Climates of type A concentrate along the ____.
ITCZ
In general, surface temperatures decrease with increasing
altitude and latitude
Global Climate Change temperature increases are higher (on average) at the
arctic circle
In the summer, air in the Tropic of Cancer over land will acquire ____ air mass characteristics
cT
Mid-latitude (mesothermal) year-round rainfall, hot summer climates are labeled as
cfa
Polar climates are drier because
cold air holds little water vapor
Type Cs climates ____.
dry in the summer
Vaporization of water results in ____.
latent heat gain in water vapor
The Cfa climates have a warmest month
above 22
Climate measures the ____ of weather.
average values and average variations
Convectional precipitation requires saturation and _____.
cooling of air
B climates are found ____.
in rain shadows east of sub-tropical heights
Air with the greatest latent heat is ____ air.
mT
Hurricanes form in regions of _____ air
mT
The Am climates occur where there is a(n) ____.
monsoon flow
Desertification is caused by
poor farming practices overgrazing global climate change
The maximum release of water from soil and plant surfaces when the availability of surface water is not a limiting factor is called ____.
potential evapotranspiration
Drought occurs when ____.
prolonged soil moisture deficit occurs
Surface runoff occurs when ______.
the immediate subsurface is saturated
Water freezes at _____ and boils at ___.
0 degrees C, 100 degrees C
"A" climates have average temperatures in the coolest month warmer than ____ Celsius.
18
A climatic normal is a
30 year average
Humid Continental climates (Dfa, Dwa, Dfb, and Dwb) have
a short intense growing season
Climates of type BS occur when potential evapotranspiration is ____ actual evapotranspiration
between 1 and 2
Cloud droplets in fog in Santa Cruz generally requires _____.
condensation nuclei
Tropical deforestation ____.
decreases species diversity increases atmospheric pollution increases global climate change
Leeward flanks of a mountain with precipitation will be ____ than windward flanks.
drier and warmer
One forested region that can be drier than a tropical desert is a ____ climate.
dwd
Acid rain is caused by
emissions of fossil fuels use
Water turning into vapor from plants and surfaces such as soil is called _____.
evapotranspiration
A fully developed hurricane has (a) well developed ___-.
eye wall outward spiraling high-level winds rain bands
Permafrost is caused by
freezing water below the soil surface
A cold front will more likely have a ___ rain band.
narrow heavy
Unlike the ice-allbedo feedback, the CO2-weathering feedback loop is a ____.
negative feedback loop
Human induced global climate change includes
all
The Cw climates have one month colder than 18 Celsius on average AND are.
wet in the summer, dry in the winter
Hurricanes die in _____ zones
continental and marine polar
The most uncertainty in global climate change models is due to
future human greenhouse gas production rates
Sources of natural climate change include
volcanism changes in carbon dioxide slow orbital meteor strikes
A warm front more likely has a _____ rain band.
wide, moderate
