test 3

Climates of type A concentrate along the ____.

ITCZ

In general, surface temperatures decrease with increasing

altitude and latitude

Global Climate Change temperature increases are higher (on average) at the

arctic circle

In the summer, air in the Tropic of Cancer over land will acquire ____ air mass characteristics

cT

Mid-latitude (mesothermal) year-round rainfall, hot summer climates are labeled as

cfa

Polar climates are drier because

cold air holds little water vapor

Type Cs climates ____.

dry in the summer

Vaporization of water results in ____.

latent heat gain in water vapor

The Cfa climates have a warmest month

above 22

Climate measures the ____ of weather.

average values and average variations

Convectional precipitation requires saturation and _____.

cooling of air

B climates are found ____.

in rain shadows east of sub-tropical heights

Air with the greatest latent heat is ____ air.

mT

Hurricanes form in regions of _____ air

mT

The Am climates occur where there is a(n) ____.

monsoon flow

Desertification is caused by

poor farming practices overgrazing global climate change

The maximum release of water from soil and plant surfaces when the availability of surface water is not a limiting factor is called ____.

potential evapotranspiration

Drought occurs when ____.

prolonged soil moisture deficit occurs

Surface runoff occurs when ______.

the immediate subsurface is saturated

Water freezes at _____ and boils at ___.

0 degrees C, 100 degrees C

"A" climates have average temperatures in the coolest month warmer than ____ Celsius.

18

A climatic normal is a

30 year average

Humid Continental climates (Dfa, Dwa, Dfb, and Dwb) have

a short intense growing season

Climates of type BS occur when potential evapotranspiration is ____ actual evapotranspiration

between 1 and 2

Cloud droplets in fog in Santa Cruz generally requires _____.

condensation nuclei

Tropical deforestation ____.

decreases species diversity increases atmospheric pollution increases global climate change

Leeward flanks of a mountain with precipitation will be ____ than windward flanks.

drier and warmer

One forested region that can be drier than a tropical desert is a ____ climate.

dwd

Acid rain is caused by

emissions of fossil fuels use

Water turning into vapor from plants and surfaces such as soil is called _____.

evapotranspiration

A fully developed hurricane has (a) well developed ___-.

eye wall outward spiraling high-level winds rain bands

Permafrost is caused by

freezing water below the soil surface

A cold front will more likely have a ___ rain band.

narrow heavy

Unlike the ice-allbedo feedback, the CO2-weathering feedback loop is a ____.

negative feedback loop

Human induced global climate change includes

all

The Cw climates have one month colder than 18 Celsius on average AND are.

wet in the summer, dry in the winter

Hurricanes die in _____ zones

continental and marine polar

The most uncertainty in global climate change models is due to

future human greenhouse gas production rates

Sources of natural climate change include

volcanism changes in carbon dioxide slow orbital meteor strikes

A warm front more likely has a _____ rain band.

wide, moderate