Test 3 Study Guide Biology

Which of the following statements is the most inclusive description of descent with modification?

A trait present in an ancestral organism is modified by natural selection over time in descendants of that ancestor.

The closet relatives of fungi are though to be the?

A) Animals

A land snail, a clam, and an octopus all share

A) a mantle

Which of the following could be considered the most recent common ancestor of living tetrapod's?

A) a sturdy-finned, shallow-water lobe fin whose appendages has skeletal supports similar to those of terrestrial vertebrates

One of the characteristics unique to animals is

A) gastrulation

Based of the tree in Figure 32.11 which statement is false?

B) Acoelomate flatworms are more closely related to echinoderms than to annelids

The water vascular system of echinoderms

B) functions in locomotion and feeding

Unlike eutherians, both monotremes and marsupials

B) have some embryonic development outside the uterus

All fungi are

B) heterotrophic

Which phylum is characterized by animals that have a segmented body?

C) Arthropoda

In figure 33.2, which two main clades branch from the most recent common ancestor of the eumetazoans?

C) Cnidaria and Bilaterian

Which clade does not include humans?

C) diapsids

Living vertebrates can be divided into two major clades. Select the appropriate pair.

C) the cyclostomes and the gnathostomes

Which of the following was probably the least important factor in

C) the movement of animals onto land

Which of the following cells or structures are associated with asexual reproduction in fungi?

D) Conidiophores

Vertebrates and tunicates share

D) a notochord and a dorsal, hollow nerve cord

The most important adaptive advantage associated with the filamentous nature of fungal mycelia is

D) an extensive surface area well suited for invasive growth and absorptive nutrition

As hominins diverged from other primates, which of the following appeared first?

D) bipedal locomotion

Which of the following combinations of phylum and description is incorrect?

D) porifera- gastrovascular cavity, coelomate

The distinction between sponges and other animal phyla is based mainly on the absence versus the presence of

D) tissues

Make CONNECTIONS in figure 33.8, assume the two medusae shown at step 4 were produced by one polyp colony. Review concepts 12.1 and 13.3, then use your understanding of mitosis and meiosis to evaluate whether the following sentences is true or false, selected the answer that provides the correct reason. Although the two medusae are genetically identical, a sperm produced by one will differ genetically from an egg produced by the other

D) true

Which of the following statements about bilaterian animals is false?

Most bilaterians have tissues but some do not.

Which of the following statements about decomposers is false?

They are autotrophs

In a phylogenetic tree, a lineage that diverges from all other members of its group early in the evolutionary history of the group is described as

a basal taxon

A pseudocoelomate refers to an animal with a

functional body cavity lined by tissues derived from mesoderm and endoderm.

Based on the highlighted (white) branches in the phylogenetic tree shown, which of the following labels refers to a paraphyletic group?

green algae

Which of the following is the most inclusive term for an organism that obtains organic food material by eating other organisms or substances derived from them?

heterotroph

In asexual reproduction,

one parent passes copies of all of its genes to its offspring without the fusion of gametes.

Suppose two species live in close contact with each other. One species benefits by eating the tissues of the other, and the other is harmed (by having its tissues consumed). The ecological interaction between these species is an example of

parasitism and symbiosis.

Based on the phylogenetic tree shown here, identify the basal taxon of metazoans (animals).

porifera

A mutualism is an ecological relationship between two species

they both benefit from the relationship

In the phylogenetic tree shown, which of the following are shared ancestral characters for members of the turtle-leopard group?

vertebral column, four limbs