Test number 2
Who is Alfred Kinsey
Founder of sexology Best known for: Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953), also known as the Kinsey Reports, as well as the Kinsey scale. Kinsey's research on human sexuality, foundational to the field of sexology, provoked controversy in the 1940s and 1950s. His work has influenced social and cultural values in the United States, as well as internationally.
What is the Grading scale of the kinsey scale
From 0 Extremely heterosexual to 6 or exclusively homosexual 7 or x meaning asexual or nonsexual
Conflict perspective
Marx
What is Sutherlands differential association theory
If those who you associate with have deviant behavior you will be more likely to have deviant behavior
Gender characteristics
In the United States (and most other countries), women earn significantly less money than men for similar work In Viet Nam, many more men than women smoke, as female smoking has not traditionally been considered appropriate In Saudi Arabia men are allowed to drive cars while women are not In most of the world, women do more housework than men
What 3 factors determine socioeconomic status
Income Education Occupation
What percentage of U.S. women are working for pay
60%
Heterosexism
A practice of discrimination and privilege based on sexual orientation; unequal treatment of individuals who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgendered
Bisexuality
A sexaul and emotional attraction for a person of the same sex
What is stratification
A society's system for dividing people into strata (layers) according to such attributes as wealth, power, race or ethnicity, gender, age and prestige
Marx and Engels
Bourgeoisie vs proletariat
Examples for sex vs gend er
"Male" and "female" are sex categories, while "masculine" and "feminine" are gender categories.
Transexuals
People who are undergoing reconstructive surgery to change their biological sex to match their sexual identity. Once that process is complete, they are male or female.
Transgendered
People who present themselves as the other sex but have not undergone sex-change surgery
Gender roles
Sets of social and behavioral norms that are generally considered appropriate for either a man or a woman in a social or interpersonal relationship.
Homophobia
Strongly held negative attitudes and beliefs, irrational fears, and/or outright hatred of lesbians and gays
Davis and moore
Structural functional perspective that we reward those with higher education and greater work ethic. Reward provides incentive to achieve and attract the talented
What did Kinseys findings suggest about most americans
That most americans are between 0 and 3 on the scale. that most humans, male and female, belonged somewhere in the middle; with sexual attraction to both men and women.
What is symbolic interaction
The feelings associated to material objects
bourgeoisie
The owners of the mean of production (capitalists)
What is sexual orientation
The pattern of sexual and emotional attraction towards a person of ones own or another sex
What is the "second shift"?
The second shift refers to the unpaid housework that women typically do after they come home from their paid employment. Developed by Arlie Russell Hochschild
proletariat
The workers that sell their labor
What type of crime is the highest cost to the economy
White collar crime but society seees it as less important
Sex characteristics
Women menstruate while men do not Men have testicles while women do not Women have developed breasts that are usually capable of lactating, while men have not Men generally have more massive bones than women
Heterosexuality
a sexual and emotional attraction for a person of another sex
Continuum of sexual orientation
aka the Kinsey scale or sexuality continuum Prior to this scale a person was believed to definitely be heterosexual or homosexual. Developed by Alfred Kinsey and his colleagues Wardell Pomeroy and Clyde Martin in 1948, in order to account for research findings that showed people did not fit neatly and exclusively into the heterosexual or homosexual box. The team proposed that sexual orientation was not an either or but in fact a continuum, with people with people ranging in sexuality from exclusive heterosexual to exclusive homosexual.
What is the structural functionalist view of gender inequality
applies the division of labor to view predefined gender roles as complementary; women take care of the home while men provide for the family.
Wealth
assets-liabilities
What is the primary cause of injury to women
battering
Work involving manual labor is known as
blue collar work
What is gender role theory
boys and girls learn the appropriate behavior and attitudes from the family and overall culture in which they grow up, and that non-physical gender differences are a product of socialization.
What does the Division of labor within the family do
creates gender roles, which in turn, lead to gender-specific social behavior.
Who is cesare lombroso
criminality was inherited, and that someone "born criminal" could be identified by physical defects, which confirmed a criminal as savage, or atavistic.
What is deviance
describes actions or behaviors that violate social norms, including formally-enacted rules (e.g., crime),[1] as well as informal violations of social norms (e.g., rejecting folkways and mores).
What are the factors associated with the kinsey scale
fantasies, thoughts, dreams, emotional feelings, behaviors, social preferences, lifestyle and frequency of sexual activity.
What is the conflict perspective of gender
gender is best understood as men attempting to maintain power and privilege to the detriment of women.
What is the Labeling theory
how the self-identity and behavior of individuals may be determined or influenced by the terms used to describe or classify them. It is associated with the concepts of self-fulfilling prophecy and stereotyping.
Economic inequality
increasing between rich and poor within US and globally
Who are the career criminals
innovators
When does gender become important in our lives
instilled through socialization immediately from birth.
What did Durkheim believe about deviance
it was normal because it unifies members of society and community and can also promote social change
secondary deviance
long term effects on social behavior could be labeled as deviant
income
made over time
If a peer group strongly holds to a conventional gender social norm?
members will behave in ways predicted by their gender roles, but if there is not a unanimous peer agreement, gender roles do not correlate with behavior.
What is Mertons strain theory
most of us are conformists, deviance depends on if society provides the means to achieve cultural goals
bottom 40% of society
most own no wealth or negative wealth
Primary deviance
no long term effect on who you are
What are the different ways to get deviant statistics
self-offender surveys Victimization surveys official statistics
homosexuality
sexual and emotional attraction for a person of the same sex
What is social role theory
social structure is the underlying force behind gender differences, and that the division of labor between two sexes within a society motivates the differences in their respective behavior.
What is a good indicator for social classes
socioeconomic status
In todays US workforce women are located in what type of jobs
still concentrated in several categories of jobs
What is the functionalist perspective of gender roles
suggests that gender roles exist to maximize social efficiency.
What is recidivism
tendency to commit another crime after imprisonment
What do victimization surveys show
that the actual amount of crime in the U.S. is 3x greater than that reported
What is sex
the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women.
What is gender
the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women.
How is social class passed on
through our families (parents)
Why is social mobility possible in the US
through the variable of education
Who owns 84% of the wealth
top fifth of society
Effects of inequality
unequal access to social, economic, and political opportunities
Is prostitution considered to be a victimless crime
yes
