Test4
When there are multiple background processes executing in the shell, the jobs command indicates the most recent one with a(n) ____ symbol.
+
In a file's mode, if a permission is unavailable, a(n) ____ character replaces its position in the mode.
-
To display an entire list of processes across all terminals and including daemons, you can add the ____ option to any ps command.
-e
If you do not want to use the interactive mode, which option should you add to the mv or cp commands?
-f
To display a list of "at" Job IDs, you can specify the ____ option to the "at" command:
-l
To search in vi, the ____ symbol is followed by the search text.
/
The Linux basic file utilities, e.g., ls, rm, mv and cat, are normally located underneath which of the following subdirectories?
/bin
Using the ls -l command, you see many files that have file types of b or c. The directory that you are currently viewing is most likely
/dev
Under which high-level Linux subdirectory would you expect to find the MySQL configuration file named my.cfg normally stored?
/etc
Which of the following directories would you normally find the Apache web server configuration file?
/etc/httpd
Which of the following is an example of absolute pathname in Linux?
/home/resume
Linux user named rmui001 would normally store their personal files in which of the following directories?
/home/rmui001
You execute the Linux command pwd and you see the /home/xyz displayed. Which of the following statements BEST describes the function of /home/xyz directory?
/home/xyz is the current directory
To display the contents of a file called data, use the command ____.
cat data
A user typed in the command pwd and saw the output: /home/jim/sales/pendingHow could that user navigate to the /home/jim directory?
cd ../..
If a user's current directory is /home/mary/project, which command could she use to move to the parent subdirectory named etc located directly under the root?
cd /etc
If a user's current directory is /home/mary/project, which command could she use to navigate to the etc directory, which is directly under the root?
cd /etc
When viewing process information in the /proc subdirectory for the process, the ____ file tells you the command used to start the process.
cmdline
Which Linux command provided the following output?[rmui001@eptg155 ~]$ ????????????cp: overwrite `./fstab'?
cp -i /etc/fstab .
SAP, a popular Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) application has been installed on your Linux system. Under which high-level Linux subdirectory would you expect to find the SAP executable files and libraries?
/opt
The virtual Linux file system used to track information concerning cpuinfo, devices, memory, and other status information is found under which of the following directories
/proc
The Linux network configuration utilities, e.g., ifconfig, ip, iptables, ifup, are normally located underneath which of the following subdirectories?
/sbin
The Linux ip command will display the current IP address information. Which of the following directories would you normally find the ip executable file?
/usr/sbin
When running a DNS name server, the zone files that map an IP address to a domain name are normally located underneath which of the following subdirectories?
/usr/sbin
Incoming and outgoing email messages and print spool files are normally located underneath which of the following subdirectories?
/var
Under which high-level Linux subdirectory would you expect to find a MySQL database normally stored?
/var
When running a HTTP server, HTML documents and CGI scripts, e.g., PHP and Perl, are normally located underneath which of the following subdirectories?
/var
Which of the following directories would you normally find the Linux log file named messages?
/var/log
Under which high-level Linux subdirectory would you expect to find Apache HTML documents, CSS style sheets and PHP application files?
/var/www/html
Processes are started with a nice value of ____ by default.
0
The standard nice level is ____, which indicates that a process has equal priority with all other processes that have not had their nice level altered.
0
The init process is assigned a process ID number of ____.
1
A system process that is not associated with a terminal is called a(n) ____.
daemon
What is the name given to a process not associated with a terminal?
daemon process
A special type of file that that Linux uses to store and organize files is called
directory
The tac command
displays the contents of a file in reverse order, last line first and first line last
Which Linux concept BEST describes the Fedora, Kali, Red Hat Enterprise, IBM LINUXONE, Ubuntu and SuSE?
distribution
Which Linux concept BEST describes the combination of a Linux operating system kernel, middleware, administrative utilities, desktops, and compilers?
distribution
To view the files in a directory, the owner or primary group must have which of the following permissions for that directory.
execute
What are the three standard Linux file permissions?
execute, read, write
By default, what is most commonly used Linux file systems?
ext4
After a background process has been started, it can be moved to the foreground by using the ____ command.
fg
You can learn numerous details about any file using the ____ command.
file
Which Linux command provided the following output?[rmui001@eptg155 ~]$$ ????????????assign1: emptyassign2: emptyassign3: ASCII textassign4: ASCII textfstab: ASCII textfstab_copy: ASCII textinfs3236: directorygames: *
file *
The part of the inode table that stores file permissions is called
file mode
All of the following are differences between a hard link and a symbolic link except?
files that use a soft link have a link count of 1, while hard link files displays a link count greater than 1
The term used to describe a process spawning or initiating another process is referred to as_____.
forking
To see the lists of groups a user belongs to use the Linux command:
groups
To see the primary group of a file use the Linux command:
groups
Which of the following Linux commands will display system memory information, such as, paging and swapping statistics?
head /proc/meminfo
Which vi command is used to begin inserting text at the end of the current line?
A
Which of the following Linux commands will display system performance information?
head /proc/stat
To facilitate the practical design of Linux file permission security, Linux groups are used. Normally, one or multiple Linux users may be members of a Linux groups. Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning Linux group membership.
A Linux file may have only one Linux primary group
Which of the following statements is TRUE concerning Linux the primary group of a file.
A Linux file may have only one Linux primary group
All of the following are reasons to use linked files, except
if you delete the linked file all other files linked to that file will be automatically deleted
Which process will always have a PID of 1 and a PPID of 0?
init
A runaway process that is faulty and consuming mass amounts of system resources ________.
is a rogue process
A zombie process is one that
is no longer in existence, though the Linux kernel still maintains information as if it were.
Which command can be used to see processes running in the background?
jobs
Which of the following statements BEST describes the differences between a Linux file type and a Linux file permission?
A Linux file type determines the major structure or a file; whereas, a Linux file permission provides security protection to those who may use a file.
Which vi command moves the cursor one line up?
k
You can use the ____ option to ps to display the relationship between different processes, showing which processes start other processes.
k
To create a symbolic link, use the ____.
ln command with the -s option
Which Linux command provided the following output?[rmui001@eptg155 ~]$ ????????????. assign3 .bash_profile fstab .kde .xemacs.. assign4 .bashrc fstab_copy myimages zorroassign1 .bash_history .canna .gtkrc resumes .zshrcassign2 .bash_logout .emacs infs3236 thingstodo
ls
Which of the following Linux commands will display all files and subdirectories located under the specified directory?
ls -R
Which of the following BEST describes concept of a Linux file permission?
A file permission restricts the users and groups and the functions that may be used on a file or directory.
Which of the following statements BEST describes the concept of a linked file?
A linked file is a special connection and the actual data stored on the disk.
All of the following are advantages of using a linked file, except
A linked file may permit automatic scheduled backup services, e.g., drop box, IDRIVE, OpenDrive
Concerning the group and user owner of a file, which of the following statements is false?
A user can have as many primary groups as they wish.
Which of the following is NOT an example of a special permission?
AUID
How are processes started?
All of the above
The command ps -A xo comm will display the following information:
All processes running on the system, including those with no controlling terminal, with the command-line field displayed for each one
Assume you have a file named "ben". You execute the command "rm ben packy". Which of the following statements best describes the result of this this rm command.
Both the file named "ben" and "packy" will be erased.
Which of the following is not a reason for creating a file link?
Creating two copies of the same file.
You can use the ____ key combination to suspend a job that the shell is busy running.
Ctrl+z
All of the following are valid reasons for separating data, e.g., HTML documents, from application binaries and configuration files, e.g., httpd and httpd.conf, except
Data needs to visible, while daemons, applications and configuration files are normally hidden
Ubuntu Linux is based on which of the following open source, more stable Linux operating systems
Debian
All of the following are advantages of open source software, EXCEPT
Developed by individuals, not by companies.
Which of the following statements BEST describes the function of the Linux uname -a command?
Displays the file name and version of the Linux Kernel
Which of the following statements BEST describes the function of the Linux who command?
Displays the lists of user names currently logon
Which of the following statements BEST describes the function of the Linux whoami command?
Displays the name of the current logon user
All of the following are valid reasons to assign users a separate home directory from the programs and utilities the user may execute, except
Either b or d
A community-based, tested, free Linux distribution focused on quick releases of new features and functionality, with no technical support but versions are rarely backward compatible for more than 2 years.
Fedora
Which of the following statements BEST describes the difference between Open Source software and Free Software?
Free Source software may be downloaded from web sites like SourceForge, BitBucket, Github, and Tigris; whereas, Open Source software may be downloaded from Google Play or the Apple Store
The type of license which ensures that the source code of the program is freely available, yet allows the original author of the source code to have some control over changes made to the source code is called
GNU public license
Concerning the setting of special permissions, which of the following statements is TRUE?
In addition of setting special permissions, a file or directory must be set to executable (x) in order for the special permission to be effective
All of the following are disadvantages of open source software, EXCEPT
Inability to customize or modify the original application code.
Which of the following statements BEST describes why companies, such as, IBM, Redhat Oracle, Adobe, Docker, or Intel, will benefit from sponsoring open-source projects?
Internal open source software development may enjoy the benefits of open-source community collaboration and acceptance, as new more advanced proprietary versions are developed
You list the files stored in a given subdirectory and you see a filename that only displays only one period, such as "." What is the purpose of the dot file?
It is a meta-character that stores the location of the user's home directory
You list the files stored in a given subdirectory and you see a filename that displays two periods, such as " .." What is the purpose of the double dot file?
It is the file name for a file that stores the location of the parent directory
What must a user do to run cp or mv interactively and be asked if she wants to overwrite an existing file?
Just type cp or mv because they run in interactive mode by default.
An open source Linux distribution designed to support Penetration Testing and Security.
Kali
All of the following are TRUE concerning LINUX file names, except
Linux file names may only contain one period before the file extension
An open source, security-emphasized enterprise grade Linux distribution designed to execute on an IBM z13 mainframe
LinuxOne
A Linux inode is similar to a Windows ______.
Master File Table
Which of the following permission modes apply to all users on the Linux system who are not the owner of the file or directory in question and are not members of the group assigned to the file or directory.
Other
If the ps command is entered without any options, which fields are displayed?
PID, TTY, TIME, and CMD
What is the first phase in an open source project?
Person identifies a need and begins writing a program
How can a user switch from insert mode to command mode when using the vi editor?
Press the Esc key.
In the ps command, the ____ field shows the amount of RAM currently used by the process.
RSS
A commercial, security-emphasized enterprise grade Linux distribution and runs on most hardware platforms, which requires annual tiered-license fees and is backward stability to10 years or more.
Redhat RHEL
The practice of automatically create a private group using the same name of the user account is called?
SELinux
A directory has the mode of drwxrwSr-x. Which special permission has been set?
SGID
Which on the following special permissions should be set that enables any file within a directory to inherit the primary group of the directory and is used to create shared directories?
SGID
The ___kill signal stops a process then restarts it with the same PID.
SIGHUP
When applications run into difficulties gaining resources during execution and stop functioning, restarting the process using a(n) ____ often solves this problem.
SIGHUP
The ____ kill signal terminates a process by taking the process information in memory and saving it to a file called core on the hard disk in the current working directory.
SIGQUIT
In ps output, the ____ field tells you when a process began running.
START
A file has the mode of -rwS--x--x . Which special permission has been set?
SUID
Which on the following special permissions should be set that users can execute programs by letting a user become the temporary owner of the program?
SUID
A commercial, security-emphasized, administrator-friendly enterprise Linux distribution designed to execute on any hardware platform designed to support Open Stack Cloud services
SUSE
Which of the following statements BEST describes the concept of "open source"?
Source code is free to users.
In ps output, the ____ field provides a cumulative measure of the amount of CPU time consumed by a process.
TIME
The _____ field in the ps command output defines how much cumulative CPU time a process has used since it was launched.
TIME
Your current directory is /home, and the contents of the directory are fred, john, and steve. If you type the command cd /home/s and then press the ____ key, the command cd /home/steve will be displayed on the terminal screen.
Tab
The CMDLINE field of the ps command output displays:
The command line used to start the process shown on each line
You type the following command the following change directory command, "cd .." with the (double dot file) What do you expect will happen?
The current working directory will be changed to the parent directory of the current directory.
You type the following command cd ~ What do you expect will happen?
The current working directory will be changed to the user's home directory.
You type the following command cd . (single dot file) What do you expect will happen?
The current working directory will not be changed.
When you change the data in a file that is hardlinked to three others ________
The data in the file you modified as well as the data in all hardlinked files are modified because they share the same data and all have the same inode and file size.
Assume you have a file named" ben". You execute the command "mv ben packy". Which of the following statements best describes the result of this this mv command.
The file named "ben" will be renamed to" packy".
In order for the r(read) and w(write) permission to be effective to work on the contents of a Linux directory
The read and write permission must be accompanied by the execute permission for the directory assigned to the particular owner or group
When you run the ps command, how are daemon processes recognized?
There is a question mark in the TTY column.
The Linux operating system is based on which of the following proprietary operating systems?
UNIX
An open source Linux distribution designed to support web sites focusing on usability and prioritizing modern features over stability and security.
Ubuntu
What determines the default permissions to be assigned to a newly created file in a given subdirectory?
What is the umask?
What may determine the owner or primary group to be assigned to a newly created file in a given subdirectory?
Who is the user who created the file?
How can you bypass the wait function and send a user process to the background?
You can use the Ctrl+z key combination and the bg command.
The killall command terminates _________.
all instances of a process with the same name
The ____ option to ps selects processes by PID number; to view information on a single process, enter its PID number as a value after the option.
b
Which of the following sends the job with job number 1 to the background?
bg %1
Both Linux text and executable binary files have the dash file type '-". How does Linux know that a file is an executable program?
by the file permission
When killing a background job with the kill command, you must prefix the background job IDs by a(n) ____.
%
When you append a(n) ____ to a command, the command is run in a background process.
&
Which Linux command provided the following output?[rmui001@eptg155 ~]$ ????????????drwx------ 8 rnui001 rmui001 4096 Feb 7 12:49 .drwxr-xr-x 43 root root 4096 Jan 29 12:31 ..-rw-rw-r-- 1 rnui001 rmui001 0 Jan 31 23:46 assign1-rw-rw-r-- 1 rnui001 rmui001 0 Jan 31 23:46 assign2-rw-r--r-- 1 rnui001 rmui001 542 Jan 31 23:58 assign3-rw-r--r-- 1 rnui001 rmui001 542 Feb 7 10:34 assign4-rw------- 1 rnui001 rmui001 1 3732 Feb 8 22:06 .bash_history-rw-r--r-- 1 rnui001 rmui001 24 Jan 29 12:31 .bash_logout
ls -al e ls -F
Which of the following Linux commands will display only subdirectories located under the specified directory?
ls -dR
Which Linux command will display file permissions of files and directories?
ls -l
Which of the following ls commands will you use to see the link count of various files?
ls -l
Which of the following represents a Linux command to create a directory?
mkdir
The section of an inode file entry that stores permissions is called the ____ of the file.
mode
Copying a Linux file in Linux to a different directory can be accomplished using the ____ command.
mv
Which command do you use to rename files and directories?
mv
Running background processes using the ____ command allows you to exit your command line shell without ending any background processes.
nohup
How many owners many a file have?
one: normally the userid who had created the file
Every process has a process ID and a_______.
parent process ID
On a given Linux computer, program1 needs to provide information to program2 (two separate programs). If program1 and program2 are both currently running, it is best to transfer data between programs using a file with which of the following file types?
pipe(n)
In the output of the ps -l command, the ____ column is the most valuable to systems administrators because it indicates what the process is currently doing.
process state
Which command lists processes started by jtaylor?
ps --user jtaylor
The ____ command will confirm the directory that you are currently in on the system.
pwd
Which Linux command provided the following output?[rmui001@eptg155 ~]$ ???????????? /var/www/html
pwd
What will typing q! at the : prompt in command mode do when using the vi editor
quit without saving any changes
Which of the following commands is invalid if run by a regular user?
renice -10 1035
Which of the following commands will most likely increase the chance of a process receiving more time slices?
renice -12
Which of the following Linux commands may delete a current directory.
rmdir
When interacting with top, the ____ command changes the automatic update interval.
s
The combination of an IP address and executing port number of an application is called
socket
Program1 is executing on Linux Computer 1 and it needs to provide information to program2 running on LINUX (two separate programs and two different computers). If program1 and program2 are running on the same schedule, it is best to transfer data between programs using a file with which of the following file types?
socket(s)
To update the process data displayed by the top command, you would press which key?
spacebar
A directory has the mode of drwxrwxrwT . Which special permission has been set?
sticky bit
Which on the following special permissions should be set that users delete files that they created in a shared temporary directory?
sticky bit
Which command may be used to change the name of the current user to a different Linux user?
su
The ____ command displays the last 10 lines of a text file.
tail -10
Most files on a Linux system that contain configuration information are ____ files.
text
On a given Linux computer, program1 needs to provide information to program2 (two separate programs). If program1 and program2 are not running on the same schedule, it is best to transfer data between programs using a file with which of the following file types?
text(-)
The directory that Linux assumes that you want to store or access files, or to be affected by file utilities, e.g., ls, mkdir, and rm, is called?
the current directory
The type of directory that Linux assumes that you want to store or access files, or to be affected by file commands, e.g., ls, mkdir, and rm, is called
the current directory
A user types in the command head /poems/mary. What will be displayed to the terminal screen?
the first 10 lines of the file mary
The Linux file permission system is based on
the user account and group membership
What is owner of a file?
the userid who had created the file
You are currently editing session a text file with vi. You see the tilde (~) character at right edge of your screen. This tilda character in vi means?
this is the location of the end of the file
Given the following output from the ls -l command, how many files are linked with file1? drwxrxrx 3 root root 4096 Apr 8 07:12 Desktop rwrr 3 root root 282 Apr 29 22:06 filelrwrr 1 root root 282 Apr 29 22:06 file2 rwrr 4 root root 282 Apr 29 22:06 file3 rwrr 2 root root 282 Apr 29 22:06 file4 rwrr 1 root root 282 Apr 29 22:06 file5 rwrr 1 user1 sys 282 Apr 29 22:06 file6
three
How is the top command normally started?
top
Which command is used to gain real-time information about processes running on the system with the most processor-intensive processes listed at the beginning of the list?
top
After typing the ls -l command, you see the following line in the output: -rw-r-xr-- 1 user1 root 0 Apr 29 15:40 file1 Which of the following best describe the permissions assigned to file1?
user1 has read and write, members of the root group have read and execute, and all others have read permissions to the file.
All processes in Linux, except the init process (PID 1) are created
when another process forks.
Which Linux command may be used to determine the list groups that a Linux user belongs to?
whomai
Which command may be used to determine the name of the current Linux user who is creating the file?
whomai
If a user has ____ permission for a file, they can open, read, and edit the contents of a file.
write
The ____ option to the ps command displays all processes that do not run on terminals, but not processes that run on terminals.
x
Which of the following is not a valid Linux file type?
x
You are currently editing session a text file with vi. You see the colon character(:) character at bottom of your screen. This colon character in vi means?
you are in the command mode.
After you successfully execute the Linux command "cd ~" which of the following best describes to directory that will be your current directory?
your home directory
A commercial, security-emphasized enterprise Linux distribution designed to execute on an IBM z13 mainframe which requires annual tiered-license fees and is backward stability to10 years or more.
zLinux
A ____ process is a process that is no longer active but the Linux kernel is still maintaining information about the process and allocating resources to it.
zombie
The ____ meta-character can also be used to refer to the current user's home directory.
~
Using the nice command without any options gives the process a nice level of ____.
10
Nice values are used to affect process priorities using a range between _____________.
19 and 20
You can execute ____ main types of Linux commands.
3
There are ____ different kill signals that the kill command can send to a certain process.
64
What kill level signal cannot be trapped?
9
When listing file by type a linked file is followed by a(n) ____.
@
