TestOut Linux Study Guide

The IT manager has asked you to set up dual-boot capabilities on a Linux system so that the system boots to Windows 10 by default, but can also boot to Linux if needed. There's an external hard drive connected to this system with Windows 10 installed. You need to configure GRUB2 to have your system boot to the Windows operating system by default. In this lab, your task is to: Change the default menu option for the GRUB2 boot loader to Windows 10. Write the new GRUB settings to the grub.cfg file. Reboot the machine and confirm that it boots to the Windows 10 operating system by default.

1. Change the default menu option for the GRUB2 boot loader to Windows 10. a. At the prompt, type nano /etc/default/grub and press Enter to open the GRUB2 configuration file. b.Make GRUB_DEFAULT=Windows 10 the new third line of the file. c. Press Ctrl + x to exit the editor. d. Type y to save the modified buffer. e. Press Enter to write the file using the default name. 2. Write the new GRUB settings to the grub.cfg file. a. At the terminal prompt, type grub2-mkconfig -o /boot/grub2/grub.cfg and press Enter to write the boot loader changes to the grub.cfg file. 3. Reboot the operating system to Windows 10. a. Type reboot and press Enter. b. Wait for 5 seconds to let the system boot to Windows 10 by default.

You have encountered system problems that require you to reboot the Linux server. You want to inform users that the system will shut down and reboot. In this lab, your task is to send a command to reboot the system in 5 minutes.

1. Reboot the server in 5 minutes using the default warning message. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type (shutdown -r +5.) c. Press Enter to send the default message to logged-in users, give them 5 minutes to disconnect, and reboot the system.

Terry Haslam (thaslam) was dismissed from the organization. His colleagues have harvested the files they need from his home directory and other directories. Your company's Security Policy states that upon dismissal, users accounts should be removed in their entirety. In this lab, your task is to: Remove the thaslam user account and home directory from the system. View the /etc/passwd file and /home directory to verify the account's removal.

Remove the thaslam user account and home directory. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type userdel -r thaslam and press Enter to remove the user account and home directory. Verify the changes. Type cat /etc/passwd and press Enter. Type ls /home and press Enter to verify that the account was removed.

You have a Linux workstation, which you use at home for browsing the internet, playing music, and writing letters. When you run your MP3 player, it sometimes pauses in playback. You have heard that you might be able to alleviate the problem by raising the priority of the program. You decide to set the SUID bit to automatically run the program as root and, thereby, raise its priority. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Set the SUID bit for the /usr/bin/xmms program. Do not change any other permissions on the file.

Set the SUID bit for the /usr/bin/xmms program. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type one of the following commands: chmod u+s /usr/bin/xmms chmod 4755 /usr/bin/xmms Press Enter to add the SUID bit to the file without changing the other permissions.

You have a Linux workstation that you use at home. You are the only person that uses this computer. You want to improve security by removing the SUID and SGID from some files. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Remove the SUID from the following files: /usr/bin/gpasswd /usr/bin/newgrp Remove the SGID from the following files: /usr/bin/wall /usr/bin/write Leave permissions on the files as they are.

Remove the SUID from the required files. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type chmod u-s /usr/bin/gpasswd and press Enter to remove the SUID. Type chmod u-s /usr/bin/newgrp and press Enter to remove the SUID. Remove the SGID from the required files. Type chmod g-s /usr/bin/wall and press Enter to remove the SGID. Type chmod g-s /usr/bin/write and press Enter to remove the SGID.

Your company wants to implement a local search engine for your intranet. The htdig software found in the repositories will provide the needed functions. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Check for updates. Install the latest version of htdig on your Debian-based machine.

1. Run apt update to update the repositories before installing a package. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the prompt, type apt update and press Enter. 2. Install the htdig utility. a. From the prompt, type apt install htdig. b. Type Y and press Enter to continue.

View the contents of the /root/.bash_profile file.

1.) type cat /root/.bash_profile and then press Enter.

Use the --help option to learn more about the switches for the useradd command.

1.) type useradd --help and press Enter 2.) Answer question 2

You use a special user account called Administrator to log on to your computer. However, you think that someone has learned your password. You are currently logged on as Administrator. In this lab, your task is to: Change your password. The current Administrator account uses 7hevn9jan as the password. New password: r8ting4str

Change the password for the Administrator account. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type passwd and press Enter. When prompted, enter 7hevn9jan as the current password and press Enter. You will not see the password as it is being typed. At the New password prompt, enter r8ting4str and press Enter. Retype r8ting4str as the new password and press enter

The human resources team uses the /hr directory to keep important employee documents. Over time, you notice that permissions set on each file have become inconsistent. You want to make sure that all files in the /hr directory have the same permissions settings. You must modify the file permissions to be -rw-rw---- (the octal equivalent of 110 110 000 = 660). Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Configure permissions on all files in the /hr directory as follows: User and group owners should have Read and Write permissions to the files. All other users should have no permissions on any file. Use the ls command to verify your changes.

Configure permissions on all files in the /hr directory. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type chmod 660 /hr/* and press Enter to set the permissions on all files in the /hr folder to the same

Salman Chawla (schawla) forgot his password and needs access to the resources on his computer. You are logged on as wadams. The password for the root account is 1worm4b8. In this lab, your task is to: Change the password for the schawla user account to G20oly04 (0 is a zero). Make sure that the password is encrypted in the shadow file.

Create a new password for Salman Chawla. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type su -c "passwd schawla" and press Enter. Type 1worm4b8 and press Enter for the root user password. You will not see the password as it is being typed. Type G20oly04 and press Enter for the new password for the schawla user account. Type G20oly04 as the new password and press Enter.

You are an IT manager. One of your job duties is monitoring system logs for the Linux systems on your network. The Journald service is collecting and storing system log data. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Display the kernel message log from the current boot. Display the system log in reverse order with the newest entries first.

Display the kernel message log from the current boot. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type journalctl -k and press Enter. Type q to quit. Display the system log in reverse order with the newest entries first. Type journalctl -r and press Enter. Type q to quit.

View the contents of the /etc/shells file.

From the prompt, type cat /etc/shells and then press Enter.

Brenda Cassini (bcassini) is taking over payroll documentation for Will Adams (wadams). In this lab, your task is to give the bcassini user ownership of the /hr/payroll file.

Give bcassini ownership of the /hr/payroll file. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type ls -l /hr and press Enter to view the current ownership of the /hr/payroll file. At the prompt, type chown bcassini /hr/payroll and press Enter to give bcassini ownership of the /hr/payroll file. Type ls -l /hr and press Enter to verify the change in ownership.

Corey Flynn (cflynn) currently belongs to several groups. Due to some recent restructuring, he no longer needs to be a member of the hr group. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Find the groups to which Corey currently belongs. Answer Question 1. Remove cflynn from the hr group while preserving all other group memberships. View the /etc/group file or use the groups command to verify the changes.

Learn the groups to which Corey is currently a member of. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type groups cflynn and press Enter to view a list of all groups to which the user belongs. From the top right, select Answer Questions. Answer Question 1. Remove cflynn from the hr group while preserving all other group memberships. Type usermod -G mgmt1,it cflynn and press Enter to change group membership. Type groups cflynn and press Enter to verify the user account's group membership. From the Lab Questions dialog, select Score Lab.

Your system administrator has scheduled a system update. The administrator has asked that everyone log out of their systems and leave them running. In this lab, your task is to: Log out of the system while leaving the system powered on.

Log out of the system while leaving the system powered on. From the terminal prompt, type logout. Press Enter to log off of the system.You are logged off, but the system is left running.

1. Run the ping command in the background. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type ping localhost & and press Enter to launch ping in the background.Ping continues to run in the background and its output is shown on the screen. You can still interact with the console and run other commands in the foreground. 2. Explore the results of running ping in the background. a. Press CTRL + C. b. Type cd /etc and press Enter. c. Type ls and press Enter. 3. Bring the ping command back to the foreground a. Type fg and press Enter to bring the ping command back to the foreground. b. Try to type ls. Notice that the typing is ignored. c. Press CTRL + C.

Same as Question

Brenda Cassini (bcassini) was recently married. Her name is now Brenda Palmer. You need to update her user account to reflect her new last name. In this lab, your task is to: Rename Brenda's user account bpalmer. Change the comment field to read Brenda Palmer. Change Brenda's home directory to /home/bpalmer, moving the contents of the old home directory to the new location. View the /etc/passwd file and the /home directory to verify the modification.

Update Brenda's account information. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type usermod -c "Brenda Palmer" -d /home/bpalmer -m -l bpalmer bcassini and press Enter. Verify the changes. Type cat /etc/passwd and press Enter. Type ls /home and press Enter to verify that the account was modified.

You want to change your default umask to give yourself and members of the groups to which you belong full permissions to the files and directories you create. You want to deny permissions for everyone else. You are logged on as wadams. Complete this lab from the Terminal. You cannot create a file with execute permissions. You can only create a directory with execute permissions. After a file is created, its permissions can be changed to include execute. In this lab, your task is to: Change your default umask value to give yourself and me mbers of the groups to which you belong full permissions to the files and directories that you create.

Determine the current umask for Will Adams. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type umask and then press Enter to view the current umask value. From the top right, select Answer Questions. Answer Question 1. Change your default umask value to give yourself and members of the groups to which you belong full permissions to the files and directories that you create. At the prompt, type umask 007 and press Enter to set the umask value. At the prompt, type umask and then press Enter to view the current umask value. From the Lab Questions dialog, select Score Lab.

Salman Chawla (schawla) is no longer part of the sales team and is waiting to be assigned a new position. In the meantime, you do not want him to have access to sales resources. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Remove the schawla user from all secondary group memberships. View the /etc/group file to verify the changes.

Remove the schawla user from all secondary group memberships. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type usermod -G "" schawla and press Enter to remove the user from all groups.Do not include a space between the quotes. Type groups schawla or cat /etc/group to verify the changes.

Your company recently changed directions and decided to terminate three products. All the necessary files have been backed up, archived, and deleted. Now you need to clean up your system by removing the directories that were used to hold the product files. In this lab, your task is to complete the following: From the command line, delete the following directories from the /projects directory: heartbt heartmon heartstrng Use the ls command to verify the deletion of the directories.

1. Access the subdirectories found in the /projects directory. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the Terminal prompt, type cd /projects and press Enter. 2. Remove the empty project directories. a. Type rmdir heartbt heartmon heartstrng and then press Enter. b. Type ls -l /projects and press Enter to verify the deletion of the files.

Your manager wants to verify information regarding the various groups on this system. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: View the contents of the file that contains the group information. Answer the questions.

1. View the contents of the /etc/group file. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the prompt, type cat /etc/group and press Enter. c. From the top right, select Answer Questions.

You are thinking about adding another disk to your system. To help you make your decision, you want to view the current setup. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: View the disk information for your system. Answer the questions.

1. View the disk information for your system. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the prompt, type fdisk -l and press Enter to view the disk information. c. From the top right, select Answer Questions. d. Answer all questions. e. From the Lab Questions dialog, select Score Lab.

Use nano to open the /etc/resolv.conf file.

1.) Select terminal 2.) type nano /etc/resolv.conf and press Enter.

Will Adams (wadams) owns and maintains a database file in the /home/wadams directory called contacts.db. The file holds contact information for perspective clients. Brenda Cassini (bcassini) and Vera Edwards (vedwards) want to access and add contact information to the file to share the data among the three users. You have decided to meet their request using a hard link. In this lab, your task is to create hard link files to /home/wadams/contacts.db as follows: Create the file in the following directories: /home/bcassini /home/vedwards Use contacts_link as the name for the new hard links.

x1. Create hard link files to /home/wadams/contacts.db. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type ln /home/wadams/contacts.db /home/bcassini/contacts_link and press Enter. c. Type ln /home/wadams/contacts.db /home/vedwards/contacts_link and press Enter.

A change in company policy requires users in the hr group to make changes to the files in the /hr directory. Complete this lab from the terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Give the Write group permission to the files in the /hr directory in addition to any existing permissions. Use the ls command to verify the changes.

Give the Write group permission to the files in the /hr directory. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type chmod g+w /hr/* and press Enter to add the write group permission to all files in the /hr directory. Type ls -la /hr and press Enter to verify the changes.

All the sales people in your company currently belong to a group named sales. The VP of sales wants to have two sales groups, one for the western division and one for the eastern division. In this lab, your task is to: Rename the existing sales group western_sales. Create the new eastern_sales group. Remove aespinoza as a member of the western_sales group. Assign aespinoza as a member of the eastern_sales group. When you're finished, view the /etc/group file or use the groups command to verify the changes.

Rename the sales group to western_sales. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type groupmod -n western_sales sales and press Enter. Create the eastern_sales group. Type groupadd eastern_sales and press Enter. Remove aespinoza from the western_sales group and add her to the eastern_sales group. Type usermod -G eastern_sales aespinoza and press Enter to modify group membership. When you assign aespinoza to the eastern_sales group with the usermod -G option, the user account is removed from the western_sales group. Use cat /etc/group or groups aespinoza to verify the aespinoza's group membership.

You are the IT administrator for this Linux system. Your manager has asked you to verify the ownership of a few files and directories. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: View the ownership for the /sales/orders file. Answer Question 1. View the ownership for the /projects/darkhorse file. Answer Question 2. View the ownership for the /projects directory. Answer Question 3. View the ownership for the /hr directory. Answer Question 4.

View the /sales/orders file information. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. From the prompt, type ls -l /sales/orders and press Enter. From the top right, select Answer Questions. Answer Question 1. View the /projects/darkhorse file information. From the prompt, type ls -l /projects/darkhorse and press Enter. Answer Question 2. View the directory information. From the prompt, type ls -l / and press Enter. Answer Questions 3-4.

Your manager wants to verify information regarding the users on this system. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: View the contents of the file that contains the user information. Answer the questions.

View the contents of the /etc/passwd file. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. From the prompt, type cat /etc/passwd and press Enter. From the top right, select Answer Questions. Answer the lab questions. From the Lab Questions dialog, select Score Lab.

You're working on your Linux server and need to change to single user mode. You can change to single user mode with the systemctl command and rescue.target, which is a special target unit that runs a base system in single user mode and a rescue shell. In this lab, your task is to: Use the systemctl command to make rescue.target the current target. After changing to rescue.target, log back in as root using 1worm4b8 as the password.

1. Change the system to single user mode. a. At the prompt, type systemctl isolate rescue.target and press Enter to change the runlevel to rescue.target. b. Enter the password 1worm4b8 and press Enter to log in to the root account after changing the current target.

You are the IT administrator for a small corporate network. You want to run a task that will automatically update one of your databases on a regular basis. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Create a crontab file for the root user. Add parameters to the file that will run the /bin/updatedb command every Tuesday and Saturday at 2:30 a.m.

1. Check to see if the root user currently has a crontab file created. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type crontab -l and press Enter to view the current crontab file. 2. Use create a crontab file for the root user. a. Type crontab -e and press Enter to create a new crontab file. b. Press 1 to select the nano editor and then press Enter. c. Move the cursor to the bottom of the file. d. On the blank line, type 30 2 * * 2,6 /bin/updatedb as your new task. e. Press Ctrl + x.

You need to create a backup copy of the /sales directory. You have decided to use tar to create the backup. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Create a compressed archive of the /sales directory and all of its contents. Name the file /salesbkp.tar.gz and save it in the root directory (/).From the Favorites bar, select Terminal.

1. Create a compressed archive of the /sales directory and all of its contents. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type tar -zcf /salesbkp.tar.gz /sales and press Enter to create the compressed tar file.

You recently upgraded your computer and added an extra 512 MB of RAM. Consequently, you want to increase your swap space by adding a new swap area. The second hard disk has an unused partition (/dev/sdb2) that you want to format for the swap area. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Create a swap partition on /dev/sdb2. Activate the swap partition.

1. Create a swap partition on /dev/sdb2. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type mkswap /dev/sdb2 and press Enter. 2. Activate the swap partition. a. At the prompt, type swapon /dev/sdb2 and press Enter.

Your company uses a proprietary graphics program called Imitator. This program is stored in the /root directory. Maggie Brown (mbrown) needs to create and modify images using the Imitator program. In this lab, your task is to create a symbolic link file to /root/imitator as follows: Use imitator_link as the symbolic link name. Create the link file in /home/mbrown.

1. Create a symbolic link file to /root/imitator. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type ln -s /root/imitator /home/mbrown/imitator_link. c. Press Enter to create the symbolic link.

You recently installed and formatted a new hard drive in your system. Its device file name is /dev/sdb1. Now you want to mount the volume. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Create the /mnt/disk directory. Mount /dev/sdb1 to the /mnt/disk directory with the ext3 file system. Use the mount command to verify that the volume is mounted correctly.

1. Create the directory. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type mkdir /mnt/disk and press Enter. 2. Mount the volume and verify that the volume is mounted correctly. a. Type mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/disk and press Enter. b. Type mount and press Enter to verify that the volume is mounted correctly.

You are preparing to manage a new project, which is code named White Horse. You need to prepare directories for White Horse documents. You are logged in as the wadams user. In this lab, your task is to complete the following: From the command line, create a directory called wh in /home/wadams. Also from the command line, create the following directories in /home/wadams/wh: implement plan research Use the ls command to verify the creation of the directories.

1. Create the wh directory. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the Terminal prompt, type mkdir wh and press Enter. 2. Create the required subdirectories in the wh directory. a. From the Terminal prompt, type cd wh and press Enter to move to the new directory. b. Type mkdir implement and press Enter. c. Type mkdir plan and press Enter. d. Type mkdir research and press Enter. 3. Verify the creation of the directories. a. From the Terminal prompt, type ls -l /home/wadams/wh and press Enter.

The White Horse project (which you, Will Adams, have been working on) is complete. Everything produced under the code name has been backed up and removed from the server. You now need to remove the White Horse directory structure from your local system. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Use a single command to delete the /home/wadams/wh directory and all of its contents. (The rmdir command only works if the directory is empty.)

1. Delete the /home/wadams/wh directory and all of its contents. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. Type rm -rf wh at the prompt. c. Press Enter to delete the directory and all of its contents.

You are concerned that you may be getting low on disk space. You want to check and see if that assumption is correct. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Use the applicable command to view the current disk space in human readable form. To find the correct option, use man command.

1. Determine the amount of free disk space. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the prompt, type df -h and press Enter to view the disk information. c. From the top right, select Answer Questions. d. Answer all questions.

You have been doing some testing on your Linux system and now need to know how long the system has been running. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Use the applicable command to determine: The date on which the server was last started. The time the server was last started.

1. Determine when the server was last started. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the prompt, type uptime -s or uptime --since and press Enter. c. From the top right, select Answer Questions. d. Answer all questions.

You share a number of files from your computer, and you have received a number of calls from users who say they cannot connect to the files. You check your computer and find that the Ethernet cable is unplugged. You have plugged the Ethernet cable in, so you need to start the network interface card. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Determine which network interface went down when it was unplugged. Start the network interface from the command line.

1. Determine which network interface went down when it was unplugged. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type one of the following commands and press Enter to view information about the network interfaces to determine which card is not up and to identify the card alias. (The alias for the network interface that is down is enp2s1.) ip addr ip addr show c. From the top right, select Answer Questions. d. Answer Question 1. 2. Start the network interface from the command line. a. Type one of the following commands and press Enter to start the applicable network interface: ifup network_card ip link set network_card up b. At the prompt, type ip addr show enp2s1 to verify that the interface is active.

You are the IT administrator for a small corporate network. You have set up an internal web server to do some testing. You would like to obscure the server some by changing the default ports. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Use ss -lt and netstat -a to determine which ports the web server is running on. Modify the ports.conf file to change port 80 to 81 and port 8080 to 8081. Restart the web server to implement the port change. Use netstat -a and ss -lt to verify that the server is listening on the new ports.

1. Determine which ports the web server is running on. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type ss -lt and press Enter to view which ports the server is listening on. c. Type netstat -a and press Enter to identify which ports the Apache web server is listening on. The web server is listening on 80, 443, and 8080. 2. Modify the ports.conf file to change port 80 to 81 and port 8080 to 8081. a. Type nano /etc/apache2/ports.conf and press Enter to open the port configuration file. b. Change 80 to 81. c. Change 8080 to 8081. d. Press Ctrl + x. e. Type y and then Enter to save your changes and to exit the editor. 3. Restart the web server to implement the port change. a. Type systemctl restart apache2 and press Enter to restart the web server. 4. Verify that the server is listening on the new ports. a. Type ss -lt and press Enter. b. Type netstat -a and press Enter to verify that the server is listening on the new ports.

The system is running hard disk quotas for users and groups. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Disable the quotas on the root directory (/).

1. Disable the quotas on the root directory (/). a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type quotaoff / and then press Enter to disable quotas for the root directory.

While working on your Linux server, you want to enable anaconda.service and disable vmtoolsd.service using the systemctl command. In this lab, your task is to complete the following: Use the systemctl command to enable anaconda.service. Use the systemctl command to disable vmtoolsd.service. After each command, verify that the service has been enabled or disabled appropriately with the systemctl command.

1. Enable anaconda.service. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type (systemctl enable anaconda.service) and press Enter. 2. Disable vmtoolsd.service. a. Type (systemctl disable vmtoolsd.service) and press Enter. b. Type (systemctl is-enabled vmtoolsd.service) and press Enter to verify that the service is disabled.

An employee in another department recently provided several important files for your current assignment. The files are compressed in a tar file. You need to extract each file so you can begin to use them. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Extract the files in /proj_files.tar.gz into the /projects directory. Answer the question.

1. Extract the files in /proj_files.tar.gz into the /projects directory. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type tar -xzf /proj_files.tar.gz -C /projects and press Enter to extract the files from the tar file and place them in the /projects directory. 2. Determine which files were extracted. a. At the prompt, type ls -l /projects and press Enter. b. From the top right, select Answer Questions. c. Answer Question 1. d. From the Lab Questions dialog, select Score Lab.

You are troubleshooting your Linux system and need to know some information about some of the currently running processes. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Use the ps command, with the applicable options, to find information about the currently running processes.

1. Find information about the currently running processes. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the prompt, type ps aux | less and press Enter. c. Use the up/down arrows to find the desired processes. d. From the top right, select Answer Questions.

As part of a security sweep of your systems, you need to check to see if the /etc/hosts file has been tampered with. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Find out if the modified date for the /etc/hosts file is different from its creation date. Use the appropriate command that lists both modify time and creation time. Answer the questions.

1. Find out if the modified date for the /etc/hosts file is different from its creation/birth date. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the prompt, type stat /etc/hosts and press Enter. 2. Answer the questions.

You are working with the files and directories on your Linux system. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Locate your current working directory. Answer Question 1. View the detailed information for the /hr directory. Answer Questions 2 and 3. See if there are any hidden files in the /hr directory. Answer Question 4.

1. Find the current working directory. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type pwd and then press Enter. c. In the upper right, select Answer Questions. d. Answer Question 1. 2. View the information for the /hr directory. a. At the prompt, type ls -l / and then press Enter. b. Answer Questions 2 and 3. 3. Find the hidden folder. a. At the prompt, type ls -a /hr and then press Enter. b. Answer Question 4.

Shut down the system using a 15-minute delay before shutting down. Use The server is shutting down in 15 minutes as a message to all logged- in users.

1. Shut down the server in 15 minutes and display a warning message. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type (shutdown -h +15) The server is shutting down in 15 minutes to send a message to logged-in users, wait 15 minutes, and shut down the system. c. Press Enter

You are an IT administrator for a Linux system. Your supervisor has asked you to collect some information about the system. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, use the files in the /proc directory to: Determine how many CPUs are installed. Find the system's CPU speed. Answer Questions 1 and 2. Find the total physical memory. Answer Question 3. Find the Linux kernel version. Answer Question 4.

1. Find the number of CPUs and the CPU speed. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type (cd /proc) and press Enter to move to this directory. c. Type (ls) and press Enter to view the current files. d. Type (cat cpuinfo) and press Enter. 2. Find the total physical memory. a. At the prompt, type (cat meminfo) and press Enter. 3. Find the Linux kernel version. a. At the prompt, type (cat version) and press Enter.

You are logged on as the root user. Will Adams (wadams) has forgotten the system quotas that you configured for him. He has asked that you remind him. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Use the applicable quota command to view Will's quotas. Answer the questions.

1. Find the quotas set for wadams. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type quota -u wadams and then press Enter. c. From the top right, select Answer Questions.

As the IT administrator for a small corporate network, you periodically check the firewall configuration on the Linux server to make sure everything is secure. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Use the applicable command needed to list the rules in all chains for your firewall. Answer the question.

1. Find the services allowed through your firewall. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the prompt, type iptables -L and press Enter. c. From the top right, select Answer Questions.

You have been having difficulties with some of your applications running properly on your Linux system. You suspect that some of your environment variables may not be configured correctly. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: View the value of the following environment variables: HOME LANG SHELL TERM Answer the questions.

1. Find the value of the desired environment variables. a.) From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b.) From the prompt, type echo $variable and then press ENTER to view what is stored in the variable. c.) Repeat step 1b for each remaining variable.

You've installed a third hard drive (sdc) and created two partitions on the drive. Now you need to format both partitions. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Format the two partitions with the ext4 file system.

1. Format the partitions with the ext4 file system. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type ls /dev/sd* and press Enter to view the available partitions. sdc1 and sdc2 are the partitions on the third hard drive. c. Type one of the following commands and press Enter to format the first partition on the third drive: mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/sdc1 mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdc1 mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1 d. Type one of the following commands and press Enter to format the other partition: mke2fs -t ext4 /dev/sdc2 mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdc2 mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc2

In this lab, you will use several commands from the Terminal to manage files. You are currently in the wadams home directory (/home/wadams). In this lab, your task is to: Use the rm command to delete the old_myfile.txt file found in your home directory. Use the touch command to create the new_myfile.txt file in your home directory. Use nano or vi to add some text of your choosing to the new_myfile.txt file you just created. Use the cat command to view the changes you made to the file. Use the cp command to copy the new_myfile.txt file to the /home/wadams/practice directory. Use the mv command to rename /home/wadams/practice/new_myfile.txt to final_myfile.txt.

1. From the wadams home directory, use the rm command to delete the old_myfile.txt file. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the Terminal prompt, type ls -l and press Enter to see a listing of the files in the directory. c. Type rm old_myfile.txt and press Enter. d. Type ls -l and press Enter to see that the old_myfile.txt file was removed from the directory. 2. Use the touch command to add the new_myfile.txt file. a. From the Terminal prompt, type touch new_myfile.txt and press Enter to create a new file in the wadams home directory. b. Type ls -l and press Enter to see that the new_myfile.txt file was created. 3. Use nano to add a line to the new_myfile.txt file. a. From the Terminal prompt, type nano new_myfile.txt and press Enter to use the nano editor to open the new_myfile.txt file for editing. b. From within the editor, type some text of your choosing. c. Press Ctrl+x to exit the edit mode. d. Press y to save the modified buffer and then press Enter to save and exit the file. 4. Use the cat command to view the changes you made to the new_myfile.txt file. a. Type cat new_myfile.txt and then press Enter to view the contents of this file. 5. Use the cp command to copy the new_myfile.txt file to the directory named practice. a. From the Terminal prompt, type cp new_myfile.txt /home/wadams/practice and press Enter to copy the new_myfile.txt file to the practice directory. b. Type cd practice and press Enter to move to the practice directory. c. Type ls -l and press Enter to see that the new_myfile.txt file is in the /home/wadams/practice directory. 6. Use the mv command to rename the new_myfile.txt file to final_myfile.txt. a. Type mv new_myfile.txt final_myfile.txt and press Enter to rename the new_myfile.txt file. b. Type ls -l and press Enter to see that the file name has changed.

You are an IT administrator for your company's Linux system. You need to generate a quota report for your supervisor regarding the quota usage for the system. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Use the applicable command to generate a quota report for all filesystems.

1. Generate a quota report for all file systems. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type repquota -a and then press Enter. c. From the top right, select Answer Questions.

Users have complained that the seven-day default grace period for soft limits is too short. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Increase the block and file (inode) grace period for users from 7 to 30 days. Generate a quota report to confirm the changes.

1. Increase the block and file (inode) grace period for users. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type edquota -u -t and press Enter to open the user soft quota grace period file. c. Press 1 and press Enter to open the editor. d. Move the cursor under Block grace period and delete the 7. e. Type 30. f. Move the cursor under Inode grace period and delete the 7. g. Type 30. h. Press Ctrl + x to exit the editor. i. Press the y key to save your changes. j. Press Enter.

Sam Chan (schan) has reached his user quota limit, and he wants more space. Your manager has approved an increase in his quota limit. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Increase the hard and soft block limits on the schan user account to 1048576 KB (1 GB). Generate a quota report to confirm the changes.

1. Increase the hard and soft block limits on the schan user account. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type edquota -u schan and press Enter to open the schan quota file. c. Press 1 and Enter to open the editor. d. Move the cursor under soft and delete 9216. e. Type 1048576 (use the Delete key to take out any extra spaces caused by the insertion). f. Move the cursor under hard and delete 10240. g. Type 1048576 (use the Delete key to take out any extra spaces caused by the insertion). 2. Save the changes. a. Press Ctrl + x to exit the editor. b. Press the y key to save your changes. c. Press Enter. 3. Generate a quota report to confirm the changes. a. Type repquota -a and press Enter to generate the report and confirm the changes.

On your Linux system, you have installed a second hard drive and created one partition on the drive. You have also installed a third hard drive and created two partitions on that drive. You now want to create a logical volume using the first partition on each new drive. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Use pvcreate to initialize the partitions for use with LVM. Use vgcreate to create a volume group named data using these two partitions. Use lvcreate to create a 1-terabyte logical volume named art from the data volume group. Create a directory named product where you can mount the new logical volume. Format the new logical volume with ext4. Mount the logical volume to the product directory. Change to the product directory and create a file named newproduct. Verify the creation of the file and amount of disk space available on this new volume.

1. Initialize the partitions. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type ls /dev/sd* and press Enter to view the partition information. c. Type pvcreate /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 and press Enter to initialize the first two partitions on each drive for use with LVM. 2. Create a volume group named data using the two partitions. a. Type vgcreate data /dev/sdb1 /dev/sdc1 and press Enter to create the volume group. b. Type vgs and press Enter to verify the creation of the new volume group. 3. Create a 1-terabyte logical volume named art from the data volume group. a. Type lvcreate --size 1t -n art data and press Enter to create the new volume. 4. Create a directory named product and format it with ext4. a. Type mkdir product and press Enter to create a new folder to mount the logical volume in. b. Type mkfs.ext4 /dev/data/art and press Enter to create the file system. 5. Mount the logical volume to the product directory. a. Type mount -t ext4 /dev/data/art product and press Enter to mount the volume in the product folder. 6. Change to the product directory and create a file named newproduct. a. Type cd product and press Enter to change into the product folder. b. Type touch newproduct and press Enter to create a file. 7. Verify the creation of the file and amount of disk space available on this new volume. a. Type ls and press Enter to view the new file. b. Type df -h and press Enter to view the logical volume.

The IT manager in your organization has asked you to install an open-source volume control and audio effects tool named PulseAudio-Equalizer. Install the pulseaudio-equalizer.noarch package.

1. Install a DNF package. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type dnf install pulseaudio-equalizer.noarch and press Enter. c. Press Y and then press Enter to install the package.

Your Linux system named Support has been running slow when trying to access a remote computer on the internet. To help troubleshoot the issue, you want to know what route your computer is using to access the remote computer. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Use the exhibits to locate the IP address of the external DNS server. Answer Question 1. Use the command necessary to find the route used to access the external DNS server. Answer Questions 2 through 5. Use the command necessary to find the route used to access the remote computer using the 10.10.20.10 IP address. Answer Questions 6 and 7.

1. Locate the IP address of the external DNS server. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the top right, select Exhibits. c. From the top right, select Answer Questions. d. Answer Question 1. e. Close the exhibit. 2. Find the route to the external DNS server. a. From the prompt, type traceroute 163.128.78.93 or traceroute 163.128.80.93 and press Enter. b. Answer Questions 2 through 5. 3. Find the route to a remote computer. a. From the prompt, type traceroute 10.10.20.10 and press Enter. b. Answer Questions 6 and 7. c. From the Lab Questions dialog, select Score Lab.

Your company has begun using Git to help track changes for the files being developed for several projects. You have already cloned and are working with a repository named repo1. The repo1 repository has been cloned to your /home/vedwards/projects folder. In this lab, your task is to use Git to: Pull updates for the repo1 repository from the remote Git server to your local machine. Clone the repo2 repository from the remote Git server to your projects folder on your local machine.

1. Pull updates from the remote Git server to your local repo1 repository. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type cd projects/repo1 and press Enter. c. Type ls -la and press Enter to verify that repo1 is a valid repository.A folder named .git is shown. This confirms that this is a Git repository. d. Type git pull and press Enter.The updated repo content is pulled down to your system. e. Type ls -l and press Enter to verify that the new content was pulled down from the Git server. 2. Clone the repo2 repository to your /home/vedwards/projects folder. a. At the prompt, type cd .. and press Enter. b. Type git clone repo2 and press Enter.The new repo is cloned. c. Type ls -l and press Enter to verify that the repo2 repository was cloned to your system. A directory named repo2 is shown. This directory contains the new repository.

To prevent users from using too much disk space, you have implemented hard and soft quotas on the root directory (/). Today, you noticed that the quotas are turned off. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Re-enable quotas for users and groups on the root directory (/).

1. Re-enable quotas for users and groups on the root directory (/). a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type quotaon / and then press Enter to enable quotas for the root directory.

Someone created duplicate versions of three project documents. To avoid version control problems, you need to delete the duplicate files. When deleting the files, use the switch that will allow you to delete a file without any promptings. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Delete the following files from the /projects directory: darkhorse1 camouflage1 endgame1 When you are finished, use the ls command to verify the deletion.

1. Remove the duplicate files. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the Terminal prompt, type cd /projects and press Enter. c. From the Terminal prompt, type rm -f darkhorse1 and press Enter. d. Type rm -f camouflage1 and press Enter. e. Type rm -f endgame1 and press Enter. f. Type ls -l to verify the deletion of the files.

You are the system administrator, and your Linux server is not functioning properly. To begin your troubleshooting process, you have decided to boot your server into rescue mode. In this lab, your task is to: Set the default target to rescue.target. Verify that the current default target is rescue.target.

1. Set the default target to rescue.target. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type (systemctl set-default rescue.target) and press Enter to change the default boot target to rescue.target. 2. Verify that the current default target is rescue.target. a. Type (systemctl get-default) and press Enter to verify that the current default target is rescue.target.

The power has gone out in your facility. You have an Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) that protects your system and provides enough power to allow you to shut down safely. In this lab, your task is to immediately shut down the system using the command line.

1. Shut down the server immediately from the command prompt. a. At the Terminal prompt, type (shutdown -h now) to immediately shut down the system. b. Press Enter

While working on your Linux server, you want to practice starting, stopping, and restarting a service using the systemctl command. In this lab, your task is to: Use the systemctl command to start bluetooth.service. Use the systemctl command to stop bluetooth.service. Use the systemctl command to restart bluetooth.service.

1. Start the bluetooth.service. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type (systemctl start bluetooth.service) and press Enter to start bluetooth.service. 2. Stop the bluetooth.service. a. Type (systemctl stop bluetooth.service) and press Enter to stop bluetooth.service. 3. Restart the bluetooth.service. a. Type (systemctl restart bluetooth.service) and press Enter to restart bluetooth.service.

You have experienced some network connectivity issues, and you suspect the issue may be one of the NICs in your computer. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Stop the enp2s1 NIC as the first step to isolating the problem. Verify that enp2s1 is down.

1. Stop the enp2s1 NIC as the first step to isolating the problem. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type one of the following commands and press Enter to stop the enp2s1 network interface: ifdown enp2s1 ip link set enp2s1 down 2. Verify that enp2s1 is down. a. Type one of the following commands and press Enter to verify that enp2s1 is down: ip addr ip addr show ip addr show enp2s1 ifconfig -a

The IT manager in your organization has asked you to install the fontconfig-3.10.87-5.fc24.rpm package. Complete this lab from the terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Switch to the root user using a password of 1worm4b8. Install the fontconfig-3.10.87-5.fc24.rpm package. The package is located in the /home/wadams/Downloads directory. Verify that the fontconfig package has been installed.

1. Switch to the root user. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type su - and press Enter. c. Type 1worm4b8 as the password and press Enter. 2. Install an rpm package. a. Type rpm -ivh /home/wadams/Downloads/fontconfig-3.10.87-5.fc24.rpm and press Enter. b. Type rpm -q fontconfig and press Enter to verify that the package is installed.

Peter Lacy (placy) has taken an extended leave from the company for personal reasons. However, he was working on a critical project code named White Horse with several other employees. The project leader requested that you move any White Horse documents in Peter Lacy's home directory to Brenda Cassini's (bcassini's) home directory. You're logged on as wadams. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Switch to the root user using 1worm4b8 for the root user password.You must have root user permissions to move other people's files. Move the following files from Peter's home directory (placy) to Brenda's home directory (bcassini). confid_wh projplan_wh Use the ls command to verify the files' new location.

1. Switch to the root user. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type su - and press Enter. c. Type 1worm4b8 as the password and press Enter. 2. Move the White Horse files. a. Type cd /home/placy and then press Enter to change to Peter's home directory. b. Type mv confid_wh ../bcassini to move the file to Brenda's home directory. c. Type mv projplan_wh ../bcassini to move the file to Brenda's home directory. 3. Verify that files were moved. a. Type ls -l to verify that the files are no longer in Peter's home directory. b. Type ls -l /home/bcassini and press Enter to verify the files' new location.

There is a C debugger package installed on the server that your organization is no longer using. The IT manager in your organization has asked you to uninstall the ddd-C-Debug-2.8.15-3.cd15 package. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Uninstall the ddd-C-Debug-2.8.15-3.cd15 package. Verify that the ddd-C-Debug-2.8.15-3.cd15 package is uninstalled.

1. Uninstall an rpm package. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type rpm -e ddd-C-Debug and press Enter to uninstall the package. c. Type rpm -q ddd-C-Debug and press Enter to verify that the package is not installed.

RunSnakeRun is a Python GUI package installed on the server. Since this utility is no longer being used, the IT manager has asked you to uninstall the package. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Use the dnf command to uninstall the RunSnakeRun.noarch package.

1. Uninstall the RunSnakeRun package. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type dnf remove RunSnakeRun.noarch and press Enter. c. Press Y and press Enter to uninstall the package.

The /dev/sdb2 volume is mounted to an uncommon mount point directory, /root/newdrive. You need to remove the volume from the /root/newdrive mount point and remount it to the /mnt/drive2 directory. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Unmount /dev/sdb2 from /root/newdrive. Mount /dev/sdb2 to /mnt/drive2. Use the mount command to verify that the volume is mounted correctly.

1. Unmount /dev/sdb2 from /root/newdrive. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type umount /root/newdrive and press Enter to unmount the volume from the mount point directory. 2. Mount /dev/sdb2 to /mnt/drive2. a. Type mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/drive2 and press Enter to mount the volume. b. Type mount and press Enter to verify that the volume is mounted correctly.

There is a kernel tools package installed on the server. The IT manager in your organization has asked you to upgrade the package using the new package version, kernel-tools-10.21.2015-54.fc21.rpm, located in the /root directory. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to upgrade the kernel tools package using the new package version, kernel-tools-10.21.2015-54.fc21.rpm.

1. Upgrade the kernel tools package. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type rpm -Uv kernel-tools-10.21.2015-54.fc21.rpm and then press Enter to update the kernel-tools-10.21.2015-54.fc21.rpm package.

You suspect that one of the storage devices on your system has failed. Your need to identify which device it is. In this lab, your task is to: Find out if a device has failed. Use the appropriate command to list devices and their utilization. Answer the question.

1. Use iostat to lists devices and their utilization. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the prompt, type iostat and press Enter. 2. Answer the questions. a. From the top right, select Answer Questions. b. Answer the question. c. Select Score Lab.

You are considering adding an additional hard disk to your system. Before doing so, you need to find out what block devices are connected to your Linux system. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Use the appropriate tool to list the block devices on your system. Answer the questions.

1. Use lsblk to list the block devices connected to the system. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the prompt, type lsblk and press Enter. 2. Answer the questions. a. From the top right, select Answer Questions. b. Answer all questions. c. Select Score Lab.

You need to ensure that email is routed from the internet to your mail server. You want to know the mail server address for corpnet.xyz. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Query the default DNS server for the primary IP address of the corpnet.xyz domain. Query the default DNS server for the corpnet.xyz mail server and determine its IP address. Confirm the corpnet.xyz mail server information by querying the external DNS server (ns1.nethost.net).

1. Use nslookup to find the primary IP address for the corpnet.xyz domain. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type nslookup corpnet.xyz and press Enter. c. From the top right, select Answer Questions. d. Answer Question 1. 2. Use nslookup to find the mail server for corpnet.xyz and its IP address: a. At the prompt, type nslookup -type=mx corpnet.xyz and press Enter. b. At the prompt, type nslookup corpnet-www3.corpnet.xyz and press Enter. c. Answer Question 2. 3. Use nslookup to confirm the corpnet.xyz mail server information by querying the external DNS server (ns1.nethost.net). a. At the prompt, type nslookup -type=mx corpnet.xyz ns1.nethost.net and press Enter. b. Answer Question 3. c. Select Score Lab.

As a systems administrator, you will frequently need to identify the process ID (PID) of a running process. The pidof tool is specifically designed for this task. You are currently logged in as the root user. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to complete the following: Use the ps aux command and redirect its output to the processes.txt file. Use the grep command to search the processes.txt file to find the process ID of rpc.mountd.

1. Use ps and grep to find the process ID (PID) of the rpc.mountd process. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the prompt, type (ps aux > processes.txt) and press Enter. c. Type (grep rpc.mountd processes.txt) and press Enter. The process ID is the number in the second column. 2. Use pidof to find the process ID of rpc.mountd. a. In the terminal, type pidof rpc.mountd and press Enter.

Vera Edwards (vedwards) was recently hired as a new salesperson for your company. She cannot access the files in the sales folder and has asked for your help. Although you thought you had added her to the group, you want to verify this on her system. When you arrive to help her, she tells you that she cannot find a proposal file she has written, and she would like you to help her find it. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to use grep to: Find the current members of the /etc/group named sales. Answer Question 1. Find which proposal file contains the phrase The Fluid Data. The file is either in her home directory or in one of her sub-directories. Answer Question 2.

1. Use the grep command to find the current members of the group named sales. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type grep sales /etc/group and press Enter to find lines in the /etc/group file that contain the word sales. c. From the top right, select Answer Questions. d. Answer Question 1. 2. Find which proposal file contains the phrase, The Fluid Data. a. At the prompt, type grep -r "The Fluid Data" * and then press Enter to find all files in vedwards' home directory that contain this phrase. b. Answer Question 2.

As a part of your daily maintenance, you scan for and kill any zombie processes on the system. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Use the ps command to find zombie processes. Use the kill command to terminate all zombie processes.

1. Use the ps aux command to find zombie processes. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type ps aux | less to view the list of processes. c. Use the up/down arrows to find the processes with a status (STAT) of z. d. Type q to exit the process list and return to the command prompt. 2. Terminate the processes. a. Type kill -9 1301 and press Enter. b. Type kill -9 1570 and press Enter. c. Type kill -9 1980 and press Enter.

You need to create a script file to change and export the SHELL environmental variable as the C shell. You have decided to use the vim editor to do this. In this lab, your task is to: Use vim to open a new file named /etc/pref_shell. Add the following lines to the new file: SHELL=/bin/csh export SHELL Save and close the file.

1. Use the vim text editor to open a new file. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the Terminal prompt, type vim /etc/pref_shell and press Enter to open vim and create the file. 2. Add the required text to the file. a. Press the i key to enter insert mode. b. Type the following text: SHELL=/bin/csh export SHELL

You have just added a custom script to change and export the SHELL environmental variable as the C shell. However, you decided to change from the C shell to tcsh. In this lab, your task is to: Use vim to open the /etc/pref_shell file. Modify the environmental variable line SHELL=/bin/csh to read SHELL=/bin/tcsh. Save your changes.

1. Use the vim text editor to open the /etc/pref_shell file. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the Terminal prompt, type vim /etc/pref_shell and press Enter to open the file. 2. Modify the contents of the file. a. Press i to enter edit mode. b. Move the cursor to the line SHELL=/bin/csh and insert the letter t to make the line read SHELL=/bin/tcsh. 3. Save the changes made to the file. a. Press the Esc key to exit the insert mode. b. Type : to enter the command line mode. c. Type wq and press Enter to save (write) the file and exit (quit).

You have been tasked with checking the status of a recently repaired system that had chronic high utilization. You must determine whether the machine is under a heavy load. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Run the applicable command to view which processes are consuming the most CPU time. Answer the questions.

1. Use top to see running processes. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the prompt, type top and press Enter. 2. Answer the questions. a. From the top right, select Answer Questions. b. Answer all of the questions.

You just got a new PowerMate input device that you want to use on your computer. You do not think that the PowerMate driver was compiled into the kernel of your Linux distribution. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Verify that the device driver was not inserted into the kernel. Insert the powermate module into the kernel. Confirm that you have loaded the module into the kernel.

1. Verify that the device driver for the PowerMate input device was not compiled into the kernel. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type lsmod and press Enter to verify that the device driver was not compiled into the kernel. 2. Insert the powermate module into the kernel. a. Type modprobe powermate and press Enter to insert the module into the kernel. b. Type lsmod and press Enter to confirm that the module was loaded into the kernel.

Your manager has asked you to remove the gameport module from the Linux print server. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Verify that the gameport module has been inserted into the kernel. Remove the gameport driver module from the kernel.

1. Verify that the gameport module has been compiled into the kernel. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type lsmod and press Enter to view all installed modules. 2. Remove the gameport driver module from the kernel. a. Type rmmod gameport and press Enter to remove the module from the kernel. b. Type lsmod and press Enter to verify that the module was removed.

You are the IT administrator for a small corporate network. You need to configure the workstation in the Support Office so that the workstation can connect to the local network and the internet. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Configure the IP version 4 TCP/IP settings for the enp2s0 network connections as follows: Configure DNS using the following addresses: Use the following steps to test the corrections to the enp2s0 interface card: Ping the gateway to confirm that the workstation is properly connected to the small network. Ping the external DNS server to confirm that the workstation is properly connect to the internet. Ping the external DNS server to confirm that the workstation is properly connect to the internet.

1. View the current state of the network card in the Support computer. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. At the prompt, type ip addr show and press Enter to view the current state of the network adapter. c. Type cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts and press Enter. d. Type ls and press Enter to view the files in this folder. (Take note of ifcfg-enp2s0, which is the configuration file for the network adapter.) 2. Configure the IP version 4 TCP/IP settings for the enp2s0 network connection. a. Type nano ifcfg-enp2s0 and press Enter to edit the first adapter. b. Using the keyboard and arrow keys, configure the IP settings as follows: c. Type Ctrl + x to exit the editor. d. Type y to save the modified buffer to the disk. e. Press Enter to save the file using the default name. 3. Configure DNS. a. At the prompt, type nano /etc/resolv.conf and press Enter to configure the DNS server addresses. b. Type nameserver 163.128.78.93 and press Enter to start a new line. c. Type nameserver 163.128.80.93 on the new line. d. Type Ctrl + x to exit the editor. e. Type y to save the modified buffer to the disk. f. Press Enter to save the file using the default name. g. Type ip link set enp2s0 down and press Enter to bring the interface down. h. Type ip link set enp2s0 up and press Enter to bring the interface back up with the new configuration. 4. Use ping to test the corrections to the enp2s0 interface card. a. At the prompt, type ping -c4 192.168.0.5 and press Enter to confirm the connection to the network and default gateway. b. Type ping -c4 163.128.80.93 and press Enter to confirm the connection to the DNS server and the outside network. c. Type ping -c4 www.corpnet.xyz and press Enter to confirm DNS resolution.

You are logged on as Will Adams (wadams), and your working directory is /home/wadams. You need to know some information about the disk usage for Will's home directory. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Use the applicable command to view the disk usage for the /home/wadams directory.

1. View the disk usage for the /home/wadams directory. a. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. b. From the prompt, type du and press Enter to view the disk usage information. c. From the top right, select Answer Questions. d. Answer all questions.

The IT manager in your organization has asked you to change the GRUB_TIMEOUT parameter from 5 seconds to 10 seconds in order to give users more time to make a menu selection from the GRUB menu before the default operating system is booted. In this lab, your task is to: Change the GRUB_TIMEOUT parameter from 5 seconds to 10 seconds. Write the new GRUB settings to the grub.cfg file. Reboot the operating system to verify the changes made to the wait time from the GRUB menu. (Optional) Log in as root using 1worm4b8 as the password.

1.) Change the GRUB_TIMEOUT parameter. a. From the prompt, type (nano /etc/default/grub) and press Enter to open the GRUB2 configuration file for editing. b. Use (GRUB_TIMEOUT=10) as the new first line of the file. c. Press (Ctrl + X) to exit the editor. d. Type (Y) to save the modified buffer. e. Press Enter to save the file with the default name. 2. Write the new GRUB settings to the grub.cfg file. a. From the Terminal prompt, type update-grub and press Enter to write the boot loader changes to the grub.cfg file. 3. Reboot the operating system. a. Type reboot and press Enter to see the changes made to the wait time from the GRUB menu. Notice that the system waits 10 seconds before the OS loads. (Optional) Log in as root using 1worm4b8 as the password.

Use the --help option to learn more about the switches that can be used for the killall command.

1.) Select Terminal 2.) type killall --help and press Enter 3.) Answer question 1.

Save the changes made to the /etc/resolv.conf file.

1.) Type Ctrl + O. 2.) Press Enter to save the file. 3.) Type Ctrl + X to exit the editor.

Modify the /etc/resolv.conf file to use the new nameserver addressees.

1.) Use the arrow keys to move to the nameserver line you want to edit. 2.) Press End to move to the end of the line. 3.) Press Backspace to delete the existing IP address for the selected nameserver. 4.) Type 163.128.78.93. 5.) Repeat steps 2a-2d, but use 163.128.80.93 for the second nameserver IP address.

Use the --help option to learn more about the switches for the usermod command.

1.) type usermod --help and press Enter 2.) Answer question 3

Your organization has added three development servers that will not be part of the Domain Name Service (DNS). To be able to access these servers more easily, you want to add them to the /etc/hosts file. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Use the applicable commands to edit the /etc/hosts file using either the nano or vim editors. Add the following hosts to the /etc/hosts file: Use the cat command to verify the changes.

Add the additional hosts to the /etc/hosts file. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. From the prompt, type sudo nano /etc/hosts and then press Enter. Enter 6or7en as the password for wadams and then press Enter. Using your arrow keys and keyboard, add the following hosts to the end of the hosts file: 192.168.122.84 potato.corpnet.local potato 192.168.122.85 radish.corpnet.local radish 192.168.122.86 lettuce.corpnet.local lettuce Save the changes to the file and exit. Press Ctrl + x to save the modified buffer. Press y to confirm your choice. Press Enter to save the name using the default file name. Verify the changes. From the prompt, type cat /etc/hosts and then press Enter. Verify that the new hosts have been added.

Maggie Brown (mbrown) and Corey Flynn (cflynn) have recently been hired in the Human Resources department. You have already created their user accounts. In this lab, your task is to: Add the hr group as a secondary group for the mbrown and cflynn user accounts. View the /etc/group file or use the groups command to verify the changes.

Add the hr group as a secondary group for Maggie and Corey. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type usermod -G hr mbrown and press Enter to make mbrown a member of the hr group. Type usermod -G hr cflynn and press Enter to make cflynn a member of the hr group. Verify the assignments. Type groups mbrown and press Enter to verify mbrown's group membership. Type groups cflynn and press Enter to verify cflynn's group membership.

The Sales team uses the /sales directory to store documents related to sales, contacts, and orders. Currently, permissions on the directory only allow the user and group owners to view the contents of the directory. Users who are not part of the group owner are unable to list the contents of the directory. As part of a new company policy to increase teamwork, you want to allow all users to be able to see the /sales directory and list its contents. You also want to let all users open any document inside that directory, but you do not want them to make changes to the documents. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Allow the group other to browse the /sales directory. Modify permissions on all files in the /sales directory to allow members of the other group to view the files, but prohibit them from changing them.

Allow the group other to browse the /sales directory. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type chmod o+rx /sales and press Enter to enable the other group to browse the /sales directory.The read and execute permissions are necessary to see the directory and list its contents. Modify permissions on all files in the /sales directory to allow members of the other group to view the files but prohibit them from changing them. Type chmod o+r /sales/* and press Enter to allow the other group to read all documents in the /sales directory.

The wadams user needs access to a file in the /sales folder on your system, but does not belong to the sales group. In this lab, your task is to use ACL utilities to: Check the permissions on the /sales/forecast.txt file. Grant full rights for the /sales/forecast.txt file to wadams.

Check permissions on the /sales/forecast.txt file. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type getfacl /sales/forecast.txt and then select Enter. Grant full rights for the /sales/forecast.txt file to wadams. Type setfacl -m u:wadams:rwx /sales/forecast.txt and then select Enter. Type getfacl /sales/forecast.txt and then select Enter.

The VP of Marketing has told you that Paul Denunzio will join the company as a market analyst in two weeks. You need to create a new user account for him. In this lab, your task is to: Create the pdenunzio user account. Include the full name (Paul Denunzio) as a comment for the user account. Set eye8cereal as the password for the user account. When you're finished, view the /etc/passwd file to verify the creation of the account. Answer the question.

Create a user. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type useradd -c "Paul Denunzio" pdenunzio and press Enter to create the user and set the comment in a single command. Create a password for the new user. Type passwd pdenunzio and press Enter. Type eye8cereal as the password and press Enter. Retype eye8cereal as the password and press Enter. View the passwd file and answer the question. Type cat /etc/passwd and press Enter to verify that the account was created. From the top right, select Answer Questions. Answer Question 1. Select Score Lab.

Linda Blaine (lblaine) and Rhonda Conger (rconger) are temporary employees who were auditing your organization's financial documents. Their user accounts are members of the auditors group. They have completed their work and have moved on to new assignments. You need to remove their user accounts, home directories, and the auditors group from the system. Complete this lab from the terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Delete the following user accounts and their corresponding home directories: lblaine rconger Delete the auditors group. View the /etc/group file to verify the changes.

Delete the user accounts and their corresponding home directories. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type userdel -r lblaine and press Enter to delete the lblaine user account and home directory.The inclusion of the -r switch removes the home directory. Type userdel -r rconger and press Enter to delete the rconger user account and home directory. Delete the auditors group. Type groupdel auditors and press Enter to delete the auditors group. Type cat /etc/group and press Enter to verify that the users were deleted. Type ls /home and press Enter to verify that the home directories were deleted.

An assistant administrator has been modifying permissions on the /hr directory. You want to quickly change the permissions on /hr to match the permission settings documented in your company's security policy. You must modify the directory permissions to be drwxr-xr-x (the octal equivalent of 111 101 101 = 755). Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Determine the current permissions for the /hr directory. Answer the question. Modify the permissions on the /hr directory as follows: User: Read, Write, Execute Group: Read, Execute Other: Read, Execut e

Determine the current permissions for the /hr directory. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type ls -la /hr and press Enter. From the top right, select Answer Questions. Answer Question 1. Modify the permissions on the /hr directory to rwxr-xr-x. From the Terminal prompt, type chmod 755 /hr and press Enter to set these permissions on the /hr directory. At the prompt, type ls -l / and press Enter to verify the change.

The CEO of the company wants to make sure that the employees' personal information, as stored in the /hr/personnel file, is protected. The CEO has asked that you make sure that the human resources (HR) department is the owner of that file. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Find the current owner of the /hr/personnel file. Answer the question. Change the group ownership of the /hr/personnel file to the hr group. Verify the ownership change.

Determine which group is the current owner of the /hr/personnel file. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type ls -l /hr and press Enter to find the current file ownership. From the top right, select Answer Questions. Answer Question 1. Change the group ownership of the /hr/personnel file. At the prompt, type one of the following commands and press Enter: chgrp hr /hr/personnel chown .hr /hr/personnel chown :hr /hr/personnel Type ls -l /hr and press Enter to verify the ownership change. From the Lab Questions dialog, select Score Lab.

The VP of sales has promoted Salman Chawla (schawla) to regional sales director. Now, Salman needs the rights and permissions assigned to the mgmt2 and hr groups. You are logged on as root. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Identify all the groups that the schawla user belongs to. Answer Questions 1 and 2. Add mgmt2 and hr as secondary groups for the schawla user, but make sure that the user is still a member of all current groups. View the /etc/group file to verify the changes.

Locate the groups that Salman belongs to. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type groups schawla and press Enter to view a list of all groups that the user belongs to. From the top right, select Answer Questions. Answer Questions 1 and 2. Add mgmt2 and hr as secondary groups for the schawla user. From the Terminal prompt, type usermod -aG mgmt2,hr schawla and press Enter to add hr and mgmt2 to the secondary group memberships for the schawla user account. Verify the changes. Type groups schawla or cat /etc/group and press Enter to verify the changes. From the Lab Questions dialog, select Score Lab.

Every seven years, your company provides a six-week sabbatical for each employee. Vera Edwards (vedwards), Corey Flynn (cflynn), and Bhumika Kahn (bkahn) are leaving today, while Maggie Brown (mbrown), Brenda Cassini (bcassini), and Arturo Espinoza (aespinoza) are just returning. Complete this lab from the Terminal. The company Security Policy mandates that user accounts for employees gone for longer than two weeks be disabled. In this lab, your task is to: Lock the following user accounts: vedwards cflynn bkahn Unlock the following user accounts: mbrown bcassini aespinoza View the /etc/shadow file to verify the changes.

Lock the required accounts. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type usermod -L vedwards or passwd -l vedwards and press Enter to lock the user account. Type usermod -L cflynn or passwd -l cflynn and press Enter to lock the user account. Type usermod -L bkahn or passwd -l bkahn and press Enter to lock the user account. Unlock the required accounts. Type usermod -U mbrown or passwd -u mbrown and press Enter to unlock the user account. Type usermod -U bcassini or passwd -u bcassini and press Enter to unlock the user account. Type usermod -U aespinoza or passwd -u aespinoza and press Enter to unlock the user account. Verify the changes. Type cat /etc/shadow to verify the changes. The inclusion of the exclamation point (!) in the password field indicates that the account is disabled.

Earlier in the day, you created a user account for Brenda Cassini (bcassini). When she tries to log in, she is unsuccessful. You realize that you misspelled her username as bcasini. You are logged on as wadams, so you will have to address this issue as the root user. The root password is 1worm4b8. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Change the login name from bcasini to bcassini. Change the home directory to /home/bcassini. When you are finished, view the /etc/passwd file to verify the changes.

Option 1 Switch to the root user. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type su - and press Enter to change to the root user. Type 1worm4b8 as the root password and press Enter. Change the login name from bcasini to bcassini. Type usermod -l bcassini bcasini and press Enter to change the account name. Change the home directory to /home/bcassini. Type usermod -d /home/bcassini bcassini and press Enter to change bcassini's home directory. Use cat /etc/passwd and press Enter to verify the changes. Option 2 Change the login name and home directory. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. At the prompt, type su -c "usermod -l bcassini -d /home/bcassini bcasini" and press Enter to complete this task using a single command. Type 1worm4b8 as the root password and press Enter. Use cat /etc/passwd and press Enter to verify the changes.

You are a network technician for a small corporate network, which is connected to the internet. Several issues have recently come up. The employee in the Support Office reports that their workstation cannot communicate with any other computers on the network and cannot connect to the internet. The employee in Office 2 reports that their workstation can communicate with some computers on the network, but cannot access the internet. In addition to these two issues, you have just set up your workstation in the IT Administration office, and the workstation does not connect to any computers on the network. In this lab, your task is to: Use troubleshooting tools such as ping, ip addr show, and route to diagnose the problems in the network. Fix the problem at each workstation. Use the troubleshooting tools to confirm each problem's resolution. The following table lists what should be the correct IP address for each computer:

See Word doc

To limit the number of people who know the root password on the computer used by the marketing team, you need to designate a user that can use sudo to manage the system. You are currently logged in as the root user. Complete this lab from the Terminal. In this lab, your task is to: Use the applicable utility to give wadams sudo privileges as a regular user. Verify that the change has taken effect as follows: Use the su - wadams command to switch to the wadams account. As the wadams user, try to use the touch command to change the modified date and time of the /etc/hosts file. As the wadams user, try to use the sudo touch command to change the modified date and time of the /etc/hosts file. 6or7en wadams's password. Use the ls command to view the modified date and time of the /etc/hosts file.

Use visudo to edit the /etc/sudoers file. From the Favorites bar, select Terminal. From the prompt, type visudo and press Enter. Select 1 to use the nano editor. Press Enter to add a new line. Press the Up arrow to move to the new line added. Type wadams ALL=(ALL) ALL to add wadams as a regular user. Press Ctrl + X to exit the editor. Type y to save your changes. Press Enter to use the default name. Verify that wadams does not have rights to create the /etc/hosts file. Type su - wadams and press Enter. Type touch /etc/hosts to try and edit the file.Notice the Permissions denied error. Verify that wadams now has sudo rights. Type sudo touch /etc/hosts to edit the file. Type 6or7en for the password and then press Enter.Notice that you were able to change the modified date of the file. Type ls -l /etc/hosts and then press Enter to verify that the file modified date was changed.