Tests and Measurements Test 1
Which of the following statements regarding obesity are correct? I. As of 2010, two out of every three adults in the United States were overweight or obese. II. Genetics may play a more significant role in body fatness than environmental factors. III. Obese individuals have a shorter life expectancy and greater risk of hypertension, certain cancers, and osteoarthritis. IV. Overweight adolescents have a 50% chance of becoming overweight adults. a. I and III only b. II, III, and IV only c. II and IV only d. I, II, and III only
. I and III only
A client should be referred to a physician for medical clearance to begin an exercise program if he or she answers yes to _____ question(s) on the PAR-Q. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. The PAR-Q is not to be used for health screening.
1
According to the classification of physical activity levels using a pedometer, how many daily steps would an adult need to take to be considered active? a. 5,000 to 7,499 b. 7,500 to 9,999 c. 10,000 to 12,499 d. >12,500
10,000 to 12,499
Tachycardia is a fast heart rate and is defined as a resting rate that exceeds a. 70 bpm b. 80 bpm c. 90 bpm d. 100 bpm e. 120 bpm
100 bpm
How many participants are generally needed to ensure that the data are representative of the population for whom the prediction equation was developed? a. 25 to 100 b. 100 to 400 c. 500 to 1,000 d. >1,000
100 to 400
For healthy adults, the average range of motion in hip joint flexion is a. 135° to 160° b. 120° to 140° c. 100° to 120° d. 75° to 95°
100° to 120°
Hypertension is defined as a systolic blood pressure that is equal to or exceeds a. 90 mmHg b. 120 mmHg c. 130 mmHg d. 140 mmHg e. 160 mmHg
140 mmHg
What is the minimal recommended amount of aerobic exercise that adults should engage in per week? a. 30 min of vigorous-intensity exercise b. 60 min of vigorous-intensity exercise c. 90 min of moderate-intensity exercise d. 150 min of moderate-intensity exercise
150 min of moderate-intensity exercise
To reduce the risk of cancer, the American Cancer Society currently recommends participating in a minimum of ______min/wk of moderate-intensity physical activity, ______ min/wk of vigorous-intensity physical activity, or an equivalent combination thereof. a. 100; 50 b. 120; 60 c. 150; 75 d. 200; 100
150; 75
A 40-year-old male office worker who exercises only one day per week is your new client. He has never smoked and both of his parents are in their 70s and still alive. His BMI is 32 kg/m2. A recent checkup with blood work revealed a total cholesterol of 190 mg/dL and a fasting blood glucose of 140 mg/dL. You measure his blood pressure and it is 130/84 mmHg. How many coronary risk factors does he have? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. 5
2
An asymptomatic, young adult (men <45 years and women <55 years) needs to have _____ or more risk factors before being classified as a moderate risk for coronary heart disease. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 e. This person is automatically at high risk.
2
Even modest reductions in blood pressure such as __________ through the use of endurance or resistance training can decrease cardiovascular heart disease risk, stroke risk, and all-cause mortality. a. 2 to 3 mmHg b. 4 to 5 mmHg c. 6 to 8 mmHg d. >10 mmHg
2 to 3 mmHg
Using the body mass index (BMI) classification, what is the prevalence of obesity in the United States? a. about 15% b. about 25% c. about 33% d. about 50% e. about 66%
About 33%
Which statement best defines a MET? a. the energy cost of sleeping in a supine position b. the energy cost of sitting quietly c. the energy cost of walking slowly d. the energy cost of jogging at a comfortable pace
The energy cost of sitting quietly
The auscultation method of blood pressure measurement involves listening for the Korotkoff sounds. Phase IV occurs when the __________ and corresponds to __________ pressure. a. first sharp thud is heard after some pressure has been released from the cuff; systolic b. first sharp thud is heard after some pressure has been released from the cuff; diastolic c. thumping sound becomes muffled; systolic d. thumping sound becomes muffled; diastolic e. sound disappears; diastolic
Thumping sound becomes muffled; diastolic
Actual muscle length can be increased with active static stretching. a. True b. False
True
Aerobic exercise is thought to decrease total cholesterol and the ratio of total cholesterol to HDL-C while increasing HDL-C. a. True b. False
True
An active warm-up combined with static stretching is more effective at increasing range of motion at a joint than either warm-up alone or static stretching alone. a. True b. False
True
Blood pressure of 128/84 would be classified as prehypertension. a. True b. False
True
During passive stretching the muscle being stretched does not contract, but during active stretching the lengthened muscle contracts during the stretch. a. True b. False
True
Generally, blood pressure increases from a supine to sitting to standing position. a. True b. False
True
Having a high level of cardiorespiratory fitness will reduce the risk of coronary heart disease even more than being physically active. a. True b. False
True
Inhibition of the stretch reflex is part of the neurophysiological hypothesis for why PNF is an effective stretching technique. a. True b. False
True
Low cardiorespiratory fitness is responsible for more deaths than other risk factors such as obesity, smoking, and high cholesterol. a. True b. False
True
Physical activity level is thought to be a more important determinant of flexibility than gender, age, and body type. a. True b. False
True
Physical inactivity is a known risk factor for colon cancer and breast cancer. a. True b. False
True
Research suggests that total stretching time may be more important than the duration of each stretch for increasing flexibility. a. True b. False
True
Smoking is the largest preventable cause of disease and premature death. a. True b. False
True
Static stretching done on a vibration platform may increase range of motion beyond that achieved with normal static stretching. a. True b. False
True
Static stretching results in a relaxation of viscoelastic stress. a. True b. False
True
The alternative approach to low back care places an emphasis on increasing lumbar stability and core muscular endurance rather than muscular strength. a. True b. False
True
The long-held belief that stretching before athletic activity prevents injury is not well supported by research, and pre-event stretching may even impair maximal strength. a. True b. False
True
The prevalence of hypertension among black people is substantially greater than that of other ethnic groups in the United States. a. True b. False
True
The relationship between sit-and-reach scores and low back flexibility is poor. a. True b. False
True
The tension in the muscle-tendon unit decreases over time as a static stretch is being held. a. True b. False
True
The validity and reliability of direct measures of flexibility are highly dependent on the joint being measured and the technician's skill. a. True b. False
True
The volume of physical activity recommended for reducing disease risk may not be sufficient for preventing weight gain. a. True b. False
True
There is a great amount of evidence that increasing flexibility will substantially decrease the risk of musculoskeletal injury. a. True b. False
True
Unlike resistance training, the same muscle group can undergo flexibility exercises on a daily basis. a. True b. False
True
If an individual is identified as having risk factors even though she has none, it is known as a a. standard error of estimate b. false negative c. true negative d. false positive
false positive
One of the national health objectives for the year 2020 is to a. increase the proportion of adults who regularly engage in physical activity b. improve access to high-quality health care for greater disease prevention c. decrease the number of smoking-related deaths d. increase education on stroke prevention
increase the proportion of adults who regularly engage in physical activity
Individuals who do not exercise regularly are at a greater risk for developing all of the following except a. hypothyroidism b. cancer c. musculoskeletal disorders d. coronary artery disease
hypothyroidism
Dose-response relationship means a. a higher-intensity workout is associated with larger reductions in weight b. engaging in less than 5 hours of high-intensity activity per week is associated with negative health consequences c. lowering the risk of heart disease is dependent on the frequency of weekly exercise sessions d. improvements seen in health benefits are dependent on the volume of physical activity performed
improvements seen in health benefits are dependent on the volume of physical activity performed
Which instrument used to measure static flexibility is gravity dependent? a. angleometer b. inclinometer c. goniometer d. jointometer
inclinometer
The T wave of an electrocardiogram corresponds to what electrical activity? a. atrial depolarization b. atrial repolarization c. the delay of the electrical impulse at the atrioventricular node d. ventricular depolarization e. ventricular repolarization
ventricular repolarization
_____________________ is proportional to the speed at which the tension is applied. a. plastic deformation b. viscous deformation c. stress relaxation d. elastic deformation
viscous deformation
Moderate-intensity aerobic activity that noticeably increases heart rate and lasts more than 10 minutes would be equivalent to a. 2.0 to 3.0 METs b. 3.0 to 6.0 METs c. 6.0 to 8.0 METs d. greater than 8.0 METs
3.0 to 6.0 METs
Chapter 2 Quiz 5 Your client is a 45-year-old male who takes antihypertensive medications and quit smoking three months ago. His father died of a stroke at age 55 and he reports that his serum HDL-C is 65 mg/dL and LDL-C is 125 mg/dL. How many coronary risk factors does this client have? a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4
4
HDL cholesterol values of less than _____ mg/dL in adult males and less than ____ mg/dL in adult females are associated with a greater risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. a. 40; 50 b. 50; 60 c. 60; 70 d. 80; 90
40; 50
. Chapter 2 Quiz12 When selecting the blood pressure cuff, experts recommend using a cuff with a bladder width that is ____% of the measured upper-arm circumference and a length that encircles at least ____% of the arm circumference. a. 25; 50 b. 35; 60 c. 40; 80 d. 50; 100
40; 80
It is important for exercise specialists to help clients make a firm commitment to an exercise program because, of those individuals starting an exercise routine, ______ will drop out within one year. a. 50% b. 60% c. 70% d. 80%
50%
For individuals who have difficulty controlling their body weight, it is recommended they participate in physical activity for _______ minutes per day. a. 20 b. 30 c. 45 d. 60
60
Which statement best defines the physical activity recommendations for children? a. 30 min of aerobic exercise with some resistance training most, if not all, days of the week. b. 60 min/day of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise with muscle-strengthening exercises incorporated c. 2 days/week of strength training and 3 or 4 days/week of aerobic exercise, with no duration specified d. 60 min 5 days/week of light to moderate aerobic exercise and 2 days/week of muscle building exercise e. The physical activity recommendations for children are the same as for adults.
60 min/day of moderate to vigorous aerobic exercise with muscle-strengthening exercises incorporated
The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) recommends resistance training for adults (18-65 years) a minimum of a. 8- to 12-repetition maximum (RM) on 3 nonconsecutive days per week b. 8- to 12-repetition maximum (RM) on 2 nonconsecutive days per week c. 10- to 15-repetition maximum (RM) on 2 nonconsecutive days per week d. 10- to 15-repetition maximum (RM) on 3 nonconsecutive days per week
8- to 12-repetition maximum (RM) on 3 nonconsecutive days per week
More than ______ of all low back problems are produced by muscular weakness or imbalance caused by a lack of physical activity. a. 50% b. 70% c. 80% d. 90%
80%
A single static stretch sustained for ___________ produces a 30% increase in viscoelastic stress relaxation and decreases muscle stiffness for up to 1 hour. a. 30 seconds b. 60 seconds c. 90 seconds d. 2 minutes
90 seconds
What is a PARmedX? a. a form that a client reads that details the risks and benefits of exercise testing b. a questionnaire that the client completes detailing medication use and past injuries c. a form that the exercise professional completes that helps to classify the client's psychological readiness and motivation to begin an exercise program d. a form that the exercise professional completes that identifies the client's CHD risk factors e. a form that a physician completes for at-risk clients conveying clearance for physical activity participation
A form that the exercise professional completes that identifies the client's CHD risk factors e. a form that a physician completes for at-risk clients conveying clearance for physical activity participation
What is a telomere? a. a newly found lipoprotein b. a new device for assessing angina pectoris c. a repeated DNA sequence associated with the anti-aging effects of exercise d. a new device for measuring osteopenia and one's risk for osteoporosis e. a scale of measurement for assessing low back pain
A repeated DNA sequence associated with the anti-aging effects of exercise
Which of the following are considered to be vigorous-intensity aerobic activities (>6.0 METs)? I. bicycling at 8 mph II. jogging III. hiking uphill IV. aerobic dancing a. I and II only b. II and IV only c. II, III, and IV only d. I, III, and IV only
II, III, and IV only
Which of the following is not a positive risk factor for coronary heart disease? a. Client's father died at age 52 of a myocardial infarction. b. Client has an HDL-C of 67 mg/dL. c. Client has a fasting blood glucose of 134 mg/dL. d. Client's only exercise is walking 4 days/week for 20 minutes each session. e. Client's BMI is 34 kg/m2.
Client has an HDL-C of 67 mg/dL.
The lowest pressure in the artery during the cardiac cycle is called __________ and occurs when the heart is filling with blood. a. diastolic blood pressure b. systolic blood pressure c. myocardial pressure d. pulse pressure
Diastolic BP
Which of the following are considered positive factors related to physical activity participation and exercise program adherence? I. self-efficacy II. climate or season III. satisfaction with exercise facility IV. variety of exercise modes and activities a. I and IV only b. II and III only c. I, II, and III only d. I, III, and IV only
I, III, and IV only
A blood pressure cuff that is too small for the arm will result in an underestimation of the individual's blood pressure. a. True b. False
False
A ratio of high total cholesterol to low HDL-C (TC/HDL-C) is considered protective against coronary heart disease. a. True b. False
False
About half of the adult population in the United States meets both the aerobic and strength physical activity recommendations. a. True b. False
False
Ankylosis is excessive flexibility in the lumbar region. a. True b. False
False
Despite the notion that weak abdominal muscles contribute to low back pain, body mass index (BMI) is not related to low back pain. a. True b. False
False
Dynamic flexibility is easier to measure and more commonly measured than static flexibility. a. True b. False
False
Physician supervision is required for all clients during a maximal exercise test. a. True b. False
False
Resting heart rate is one of the best indicators of cardiorespiratory fitness. a. True b. False
False
Riding a bicycle at 18 mph (29 km/h) would be considered moderate-intensity exercise. a. True b. False
False
To see further improvements in range of motion, the overload principle must be applied to stretching programs by taking the stretch beyond the pain threshold. a. True b. False
False
Type 1 diabetes is far more prevalent but also more controllable with physical activity than type 2 diabetes. a. True b. False
False
When taking blood pressures during exercise, instruct the client to grasp the bike handlebars or the handrails on the treadmill to facilitate the measurement. a. True b. False
False
The criteria for an optimal or desirable total cholesterol classification is a value 240 mg/dL. a. True b. False
False *optimal is less than 200
The prevalence of cardiovascular disease is similar for men and women. a. True b. False
False - more in men
Chapter 2 Quiz 6 Prehypertensive individuals are encouraged to modify their lifestyle in which of the following ways in order to reduce their risk of developing hypertension? I. restricting sodium intake to no more than 3.0g per day II. adopting a healthy eating plan that includes a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy III. losing body weight if overweight IV. stopping all alcohol consumption a. II and III only (2.4g of sodium/day and 1 drink/day alc.) b. II and IV only c. I, II, and III only d. I, II, III, and IV
II and III only (2.4g of sodium/day and 1 drink/day alc.)
Which of the following statements is true regarding progression of exercise? a. With an older adult, it is more beneficial to use the metabolic equivalent (MET) levels when progressing his exercise prescription. b. Increase frequency and duration at the same time while keeping the intensity at the same level in order to minimize the risk of injury. c. For continued improvement, the cardiopulmonary system must be progressively overloaded with periodic increases in frequency, duration, and intensity of the exercise. d. For older or less fit clients, it is better to increase exercise intensity instead of exercise duration.
For continued improvement, the cardiopulmonary system must be progressively overloaded with periodic increases in frequency, duration, and intensity of the exercise.
Which of the following is not recommended as a progression strategy for improving flexibility? a. Gradually increase the duration of each stretch. b. Increase the number of repetitions for each stretching exercise. c. Increase the accumulated time of stretching. d. Gradually push beyond the pain-free ROM.
Gradually push beyond the pain-free ROM
Which of the following is not a risk factor for metabolic syndrome? a. large waist circumference b. high blood glucose value c. high blood pressure d. high triglyceride value e. high HDL-C value
High blood glucose value
A high level of which class(es) of lipoproteins is (are) desirable and thought to be protective against coronary heart disease? a. chylomicrons b. very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) c. low-density lipoproteins (LDL) d. high-density lipoproteins (HDL) e. both b and c
High-density lipoproteins (HDL)
Chapter 2 Quiz 9 For health care and fitness settings that use the aneroid or automated devices instead of a mercury manometer, which of the following recommendations should be considered? I. Ensure regular training of personnel who measure BP. II. Select only high-quality devices that cost more than $150. III. Insist on the use of mercury manometers for calibration. IV. Schedule maintenance and calibration every 5 to 10 years. a. I, II, and III only b. I and III only c. II and IV only d. I, II, III, and IV
I and III only
Chapter 2 Quiz13 The electrode configuration is modified for an exercise 12-lead ECG in which ways? I. The right and left leg electrodes are attached to the right and lefts sides of the trunk below the rib cage. II. The chest leads are positioned one intercostal space superiorly. III. The right and left arm electrodes are placed below the right and left clavicles, respectively. IV. The electrode sites do not have to be cleaned with alcohol. a. I and II only b. I and III only c. II and III only d. I, II, and III only
I and III only
Individuals with _______________________ have a greater resistance to stretching. I. less flexibility II. smaller joints III. tighter muscles IV. larger joints a. I and II only b. II and III only c. I and III only d. I, II, and III only
I and III only
Which of the following suggestions should be followed in order to minimize a client's test anxiety and ensure valid test data and efficiency? I. Project a sense of relaxed confidence. II. Maintain room temperature at 65 to 69 °F. III. Create a test environment that is private, quiet, and comfortable. IV. Calibrate the equipment just before testing the patient. a. I and III only b. II, III, and IV only c. II and III only d. I, III, and IV only
I and III only
What are the most powerful predictors of low back pain? I. balance (as measured by one-leg stand) II. trunk flexibility (as measured by trunk flexion or forward-bending range of motion) III. lower-extremity endurance (as measured by repeated sit-to-stand test) IV. trunk flexibility (as measured by side-bending range of motion) a. I and IV only b. II and IV only c. I, III and IV only d. II, III, and IV only
I and IV only
Chapter 2 Quiz 4 Which of the following prospective clients should obtain a physical examination and signed medical clearance from a physician? I. women 55 years and older II. individuals of any age with two or more major risk factors III. individuals of any age with known metabolic disease IV. individuals of any age with one sign or symptom of cardiovascular disease a. I, II, and III b. II and III only c. II, III, and IV only d. I, II, III, and IV
I, II, III, and IV
Which of the following instruments can be used to directly measure static flexibility? I. flexometer II. inclinometer III. goniometer IV. dynamometer a. II and IV only b. I and III only c. I, III, and IV only d. I, II, and III only
I, II, and III only
Traditional low back programs have been prescribed for which of the following purposes? I. increasing the strength of the abdominal muscles II. improving the range of motion of the hip flexors III. improving strength of hip flexors IV. improving range of motion of hamstrings a. I and IV only b. I and III only c. I, II, and III only d. I, II, and IV only
I, II, and IV only
Which morphological factors affect the range of motion of a joint? I. muscles and tendons spanning the joint II. joint capsule III. bone size IV. joint geometry a. II and IV only b. I and III only c. I, II, and IV only d. II, III, and IV only
I, II, and IV only
Which of the following exercises is not recommended in an exercise program focusing on low back care? I. curl-up II. lumbar extension with pelvic stabilization III. pelvic tilt IV. supine straight-leg raise a. I b. II c. IV d. II and III e. I, II, and IV
IV
Chapter 2 Quiz All but which of the following are parts of a comprehensive pretest health screening? a. If requested by the physician, prepare the client and administer an electroencephalograph (EEG). b. Assess the client's coronary risk factors. c. Explain the purpose of the health evaluation and lifestyle evaluation. d. Measure and classify the client's resting blood pressure and heart rate.
If requested by the physician, prepare the client and administer an electroencephalograph (EEG).
Explain the term dose-response relationship with regard to the effect that physical activity has on health benefits.
Improvements in health benefits depend on the volume. Because the dose-response relationship between physical activity and health, the physical activity recommendation states that, "persons who wish to improve their personal fitness, reduce the risk for chronic diseases and disabilities, or prevent unhealthy weight gain will likely benefit from exceeding the minimum recommended amount of physical activity.
Regarding coronary risk factor analysis, what is the significance of a high HDL-C value ( 60 mg/dL)? a. It should be treated as any other positive risk factor (add 1 to the tally). b. It is an extremely severe positive risk factor (add 2 to the tally). c. It is a protective or negative risk factor (subtract 1 from the tally). d. It is neither a positive nor a negative risk factor and not involved in the risk factor analysis.
It is a protective or negative risk factor (subtract 1 from the tally).
When is it recommended that a client have a graded exercise test (GXT) before starting an exercise program? a. An exercise test is never recommended before starting any exercise program. b. It is recommended for all high-risk clients. c. It is recommended for all low-risk clients. d. It is recommended when there are contraindications to testing.
It is recommended for all high-risk clients
Which of the following is not a known risk factor for coronary heart disease? a. age b. family history c. physical inactivity d. tobacco use e. large caffeine consumption
Large caffeine consumption
_________________ is the largest preventable cause of disease and premature death. a. Hypertension b. Diabetes c. Hypercholesterolemia d. Smoking
Smoking
Which activity would be least useful for developing bone mass? a. weightlifting b. swimming c. backpacking d. gymnastics e. They should all develop bone mass to a similar degree.
Swimming
Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to exercise testing? a. heart murmur b. severe hypertension (e.g., 200/110 mmHg) c. tachyarrhythmias and bradyarrhythmias d. unstable angina
Unstable angina
Which of the following statements regarding vibration-aided static stretching is correct? a. Using a vibration device during static stretching exercise may increase range of motion beyond what is obtainable through static stretching only. b. Using a vibration device was shown to improve posttest explosive strength compared to pretest measurements. c. Using a vibration device during static stretching has not been proven to statistically increase range of motion compared to the use of static stretching alone. d. Whole-body vibration was not as effective as targeted vibration in increasing range of motion.
Using a vibration device during static stretching exercise may increase range of motion beyond what is obtainable through static stretching only.
Which variation of the sit-and-reach test includes a yardstick taped on the floor? a. back-saver b. modified c. modified back-saver d. standard e. V-sit or YMCA
V-sit or YMCA
Slowly bending forward at the waist until you feel muscle tension in the hamstrings and then holding that position for 30 seconds would be an example of what type of stretching? a. ballistic b. active static c. passive static d. active-assisted static e. proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
active static
A stretching technique that involves the client moving the body part without external assistance (i.e., voluntarily contracts the muscle) is a. passive stretch b. active stretch c. active-assisted stretch d. proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretch
active stretch
Chapter 2 Quiz11 White coat hypertension a. affects only the systolic blood pressure in all age groups when compared to blood pressure values taken in a community or home setting b. is more likely to occur in younger adult patients and men c. is three times higher when a physician measures the blood pressure using the traditional manual method compared to an automated reading with the client resting alone in an exam room d. can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease
affects only the systolic blood pressure in all age groups when compared to blood pressure values taken in a community or home setting
Which test was designed to measure the flexibility of one hamstring at a time and relieve discomfort caused by vertebral compression? a. modified sit-and-reach test b. V-sit-and-reach test c. one-leg sit-and-reach test d. back-saver sit-and-reach test
back-saver sit-and-reach test
Which type of joint has the greatest amount of movement? a. hinge b. ball and socket c. condyloid d. pivot
ball and socket
In a comparison of stretching techniques, which method has good practicality, high risk of injury, and poor efficiency? a. ballistic b. slow stretch c. dynamic d. proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
ballistic
Which stretching technique triggers the muscle spindles to respond with a contraction (i.e., stretch reflex) and an increased resistance to stretch in the targeted muscle group? a. ballistic b. active static c. passive static d. active-assisted e. All stretching techniques trigger the muscle spindles equally.
ballistic
The ability of the heart, lungs, and circulatory system to supply oxygen and nutrients efficiently to working muscles is known as a. musculoskeletal endurance b. cardiorespiratory endurance c. maximal oxygen consumption d. physical fitness
cardiorespiratory endurance
Which of the following sit-and-reach tests were designed specifically for older adults (60-90 yr)? a. back-saver b. chair c. modified d. standard e. YMCA
chair
Which of the following applications for activities of daily living (ADL) can be tested using the chair sit-and-reach test? a. lifting a box off the ground b. climbing stairs c. reaching overhead for an item on a high shelf d. getting dressed
climbing stairs
Which type of stretching places a greater strain on the muscle and may cause microscopic tearing of muscle fibers and connective tissue? a. eccentric b. ballistic c. constant-angle d. plyometric
constant-angle
During which type of stretching does viscoelastic creep occur? a. ballistic b. constant-torque c. constant-angle d. slow static
constant-torque
A goniometer measurement is an example of what type of flexibility assessment? a. direct static flexibility assessment b. indirect static flexibility assessment c. direct dynamic flexibility assessment d. indirect dynamic flexibility assessment
direct static flexibility assessment
Chapter 2 Quiz14 When determining heart rate by palpation, a. use either the middle and index finger or the thumb b. if the stopwatch starts simultaneously with the pulse beat, count the first beat as one c. do not apply heavy pressure to the carotid site because this may cause a reflex slowing d. longer counts of time (e.g., 30 seconds) more accurately reflect an individual's actual exercise heart rate
do not apply heavy pressure to the carotid site because this may cause a reflex slowing
The ACSM a. recommends static stretching of the involved muscles before an activity for 30 seconds each after the warm-up is complete b. does not recommend static stretching during warm-up when the activity depends on maximal muscle effort c. recommends static stretching before the warm-up for those engaging in activities that require extreme range of motion (e.g., gymnastics) d. does not recommend static stretching during warm-up unless the activity involves plyometric or ballistic activities, then stretching should be held for longer durations (e.g., 60 seconds or greater)
does not recommend static stretching during warm-up when the activity depends on maximal muscle effort c. recommends static stretching before the warm-up for those engaging in activities that require extreme range of motion (e.g., gymnastics)
The AMA recommends the use of which device for assessment of spinal mobility? a. goniometer b. double inclinometer c. flexometer d. angleometer
double inclinometer
In a comparison of stretching techniques, which method has excellent practicality, medium risk of injury, and good efficiency? a. ballistic b. slow stretch c. dynamic d. proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
dynamic
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), which condition is not only the leading cardiovascular risk factor but also the primary risk factor for all types of stroke? a. elevated levels of low-density lipoproteins b. obesity c. hypertension d. smoking
elevated levels of low-density lipoproteins
Children who do not attain at least 60 minutes of moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity on a daily basis are identified as having a. metabolic syndrome b. dysthymia c. energy (exercise) deficit disorder d. activity deficit disorder
energy (exercise) deficit disorder
In what category is a 22-year-old man who scores a 26 on his standard sit-and-reach test? a. fair b. good c. very good d. excellent
fair
Viscoelastic creep, an elongation of the muscle-tendon unit, is most likely to occur a. during aggressive ballistic stretching b. during sport-specific dynamic stretching c. from static stretching with the stretch held at a constant angle d. from static stretching with the stretch held at a constant torque e. after all stretching techniques
from static stretching with the stretch held at a constant torque
Which type of equation is developed using diverse, heterogeneous samples and accounts for differences in physical characteristics by including these variables as predictors in the equation? a. generalized prediction b. diversity value c. population-specific d. universal prediction
generalized prediction
Physical activity is thought to lower all of the following except a. risk of stroke b. risk of type 2 diabetes c. high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) d. abdominal obesity e. feelings of depression and anxiety
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)
According to the ACSM, which of the following recommendations are correct? a. performing 5 or 6 repetitions of each stretching exercise; holding stretch position for 30 to 60 seconds; frequency of a minimum of 3 days per week for at least 15 minutes b. holding stretch position for 10 to 30 seconds; performing 2 to 4 repetitions of each stretching exercise; frequency of a minimum of 2 days per week for at least 10 minutes c. performing 2 to 4 repetitions of each stretching exercise; frequency of a minimum of 2 days per week for at least 30 minutes; holding stretch position for at least 30 seconds d. holding stretch position for 30 to 60 seconds; performing 2 to 4 repetitions of each stretching exercise; frequency of a minimum of 2 days per week for at least 20 minutes
holding stretch position for 10 to 30 seconds; performing 2 to 4 repetitions of each stretching exercise; frequency of a minimum of 2 days per week for at least 10 minutes
Which principle states that individuals with low physical fitness will show greater relative (%) gains and a faster rate of improvement in response to training than those individuals starting off with average or high fitness levels? a. overload training b. initial values c. specificity d. interindividual variability
initial values
Lumbar stability is assessed with a. flexometer b. inclinometer c. isometric endurance tests d. sit-and-reach test e. skin distraction test
isometric endurance tests
Which of the following is not a correct description recommended for beginners who are starting a low back care program? a. curl-ups with one leg flexed and hands placed underneath the lumbar spine to help maintain neutral b. cat-camel exercises with emphasis on the dynamic spinal mobility for 5 or 6 cycles c. isometric side supports for increasing endurance in the iliopsoas and gluteus medius d. dynamic hollowing for stabilizing the deeper abdominal wall muscles
isometric side supports for increasing endurance in the iliopsoas and gluteus medius
Chapter 2 Quiz15 If the arm circumference is 35 cm, then the recommended cuff to use is a. child b. standard adult c. larger adult d. obese adult
larger adult
Where is the stationary arm located when testing the range of motion of ankle dorsiflexion and plantar flexion? a. parallel to the lateral aspect of the fifth metatarsal b. lateral midline of the fibula, using head of the fibula for reference c. anterior midline of the lower leg d. anterior midline of the second metatarsal
lateral midline of the fibula, using head of the fibula for reference
Which noninvasive method of blood pressure measurement has the greatest validity? a. aneroid sphygmomanometer b. mercury column sphygmomanometer c. automated electronic manometers that fit over the arm d. automated wrist models e. automated finger models
mercury column sphygmomanometer
. Chapter 2 Quiz 3 An asymptomatic individual with two or more coronary risk factors is classified as a. low coronary heart disease risk b. moderate coronary heart disease risk c. moderate to high coronary heart disease risk d. high coronary heart disease risk
moderate coronary heart disease risk
Chapter 2 Quiz10 A resting heart rate of 82 beats per minute (bpm) is classified as a. bradycardia b. normal c. tachycardia d. asynchronous
normal
What is the difference between the standard sit-and-reach test and the back-saver sit-and-reach test? a. the zero point b. position of the hands as they reach across the box c. number of legs tested at one time d. units of measurement (inches versus centimeters)
number of legs tested at one time
What is the axis of rotation for knee flexion? a. centered over the anterior superior iliac spine b. directly on top of the patella c. over the lateral malleolus d. over the lateral epicondyle of the femur (lateral femoral epicondyle)
over the lateral epicondyle of the femur (lateral femoral epicondyle)
If the client relaxes the targeted muscle group as the personal trainer moves the body part through a ROM, you would be observing a. active static stretching b. active-assisted static stretching c. passive static stretching d. ballistic stretching e. PNF stretching
passive static stretching
What is a key requirement for strengthening the lumbar extensors? a. pelvic counterrotation b. pelvic immobilization c. pelvic neutrality d. pelvic mobility
pelvic immobilization
Chapter 2 Quiz 8 When the metallic tapping sound disappears during blood pressure measurement, it is called a. the Korotkoff sound b. phase I value c. phase IV value d. phase V value
phase V value
Which stage of motivational readiness for changing exercise behavior is a client in when she is exercising but not doing the recommended amount of physical activity? a. contemplation b. preparation c. action d. maintenance
preparation
Which stretching technique often involves a partner and combines a muscle contraction followed by passive stretching of the targeted muscle group? a. ballistic stretching b. active static stretching c. proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation d. dynamic sport-specific stretching e. passive static stretching
proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
It is possible for a test to have excellent _________ but poor _____________. a. reliability; precision b. reliability; validity c. consistency; reliability d. stability; reliability
reliability; validity
To assess your client's physical fitness status, select tests that are a. valid, accurate, and systematic b. reliable, objective, and expensive c. objective, specific, and documented d. reliable, objective, and valid
reliable, objective, and valid
The ground electrode for a 12-lead electrocardiogram is placed where? a. right arm b. right leg c. left arm d. left leg e. 4th intercostals space on the right border of the sternum
right leg
Which level of motivation is a person at if he autonomously exercises for improved health benefits? a. amotivation b. other-determined motivation c. self-determined motivation d. intrinsic motivation
self-determined motivation
The probability of identifying individuals who have risk factors for a specific disease or syndrome is test a. reliability coefficient b. sensitivity c. standard error of estimate (SEE) d. specificity
sensitivity
Which of the following is not a direct method of measuring static flexibility? a. flexometer b. goniometer c. inclinometer d. sit-and-reach test
sit-and-reach test
The skin distraction test is a reliable measure of a. lumbar stability b. spinal flexion and extension c. shoulder flexibility d. cervical rotation and lateral flexion
spinal flexion and extension
What is the client's position for measuring shoulder flexion? a. prone b. sitting c. supine d. standing
supine
What is the recommended position for the client's arm when measuring blood pressure? a. hanging freely at the side b. fully extended and unsupported c. supported and positioned at heart level d. Arm position does not affect the blood pressure measurement.
supported and positioned at heart level
. Chapter 2 Quiz 2 The PARmed-X is used by a. the client to indicate any medications they are taking b. the physician to assess and convey medical clearance for physical activity participation c. the client to check off any signs or symptoms of disease that may interfere with exercising d. the exercise specialist to make note of any special conditions that may require monitoring
the physician to assess and convey medical clearance for physical activity participation
Chapter 2 Quiz 7 What is the purpose of inflating the cuff and noting by palpation when the pulse disappears? a. to estimate if the cuff is in the correct position and covers the entire arm properly b. to determine if you are overcuffing the client c. to estimate how much the cuff needs to be inflated to determine systolic blood pressure with the auscultatory technique d. to determine if the arm is in the correct resting position
to estimate how much the cuff needs to be inflated to determine systolic blood pressure with the auscultatory technique
Which overall guidelines for designing a flexibility program are correct? a. 5 to 10 exercises overall; minimum frequency of daily; 6-second contraction followed by 10-second assisted stretch for PNF technique; 1 to 3 repetitions for each exercise b. total time of 15 to 30 minutes per stretching session; minimum frequency of 2 days per week; 2 to 4 repetitions of each exercise so total duration is at least 60 seconds; 10 to 12 exercises overall c. 2 to 4 repetitions of each exercise so total duration is 30 seconds; 10-second duration of hold for each exercise; minimum of 3 days per week; 10 to 15 exercises overall d. 2-minute total time minimum for each flexibility exercise; 5 to 10 exercises; 30-second duration of hold for each exercise; intensity of moderate discomfort for PNF technique
total time of 15 to 30 minutes per stretching session; minimum frequency of 2 days per week; 2 to 4 repetitions of each exercise so total duration is at least 60 seconds; 10 to 12 exercises overall