textile final
-business practices that contribute positively to society -Often includes topics of inclusivity and diversity awareness. -The plan a business creates for organization wide accountability internally and externally.
Corporate social responsibility(CSR) refers to____
reduce trade barriers and increase trade among countries for fashion merchandise
Free trade agreements as they relate to the fashion industry are implemented to ______.
true
Lab dips are used as part of a company's color management to ensure accurate color matches. t/f
Ability to raise funds and increase resources
the main reason a fashion company would want to become a publicly held corporation.
true
-Manufacturers' distribution centers facilitate the flow-through of merchandise from manufacturing facilities to retail stores. -Retailers determine the breadth of their distribution territories as local, regional/national, or global. -With the growth of electronic retailing, retailers have expanded their distribution options for fashion merchandise. t/f
true
-Prior to creating a line, designers often visit textile trade shows to see the latest fabric lines. -Line themes are often developed to focus and "sell" the line. -Designers create a line for a specific, clearly defined target market. -Designers usually create a visual representation of their designs in the form of sketches or tech (technical) drawings. t/f
false
A design brief is created after the designers have created the line and selected the styles for production. t/f
Explanation of target customer Color story and fabrics Theme or inspiration for the line
A design brief is used by designers to create a line. A design brief contains:
combined company that is larger than either of the individual companies
A merger of two fashion brand companies results in a __
new styles designed for a specific target market styles that sold well in the past season (carryovers) styles adapted from other successful styles in the market
A new line for a moderate price zone manufacturer consists of which of the following?
hearing directly from consumers as to their preferences
Advantages for fashion brand companies in showing new merchandise to retailers during market weeks include all of the following except -hearing directly from consumers as to their preferences -determining what styles will most likely be produced -showing lines to a number of retailer buyers in a short period of time -gaining publicity through media coverage of fashion shows -interacting directly with retailer buyers better understand their needs and hear ideas for new merchandise
the needs and preferences of its target customer change
An active sportswear apparel company may decide to expand its offerings by introducing a new line of sportswear because _____
fabric yardage costs costs of linings and interfacings cost of findings costs of labor
An estimate of the cost to produce a style to be included in an apparel line is based upon cost estimates for all of the following
omnichannel distribution
An example of _______ is when customers seamlessly research a fashion brand with their smartphones, purchase merchandise online, and pick up the merchandise at stores.
purchasing color predictions of independent color forecasting services conducting color forecasts within the company by looking at past sales by color subscribing to fiber trade association newsletters and reviewing their color predictions belonging to the Color Association of the United States and receiving color predictions
Apparel designers and merchandisers research color trends one to two years in advance of the season by _____________.
goods sold in test markets past sales figures of similar styles earlyseason lines to predict sales
Apparel manufacturers may use which of the following to help determine the quantity of fabrics to order?
false
Companies typically complete the sales of one seasonal line before starting on a new line, so sales statistics can be used in line development. t/f
false
Companies typically wait until all orders are received before they order large quantities of production fabric and trims for styles in the line. t/f
true
Design teams usually want to create a balanced assortment of designs, including a variety of garment pieces in their final adoption decisions. t/f
false
Designers work individually and independently in developing lines, which are shared with merchandisers once the samples are made. t/f
true
Die cutting requires the manufacturing of a special die, similar to a cookie cutter, in the shape of the pattern piece. t/f
mass distribution
Distribution of basic merchandise, such as Hanes hosiery and Jockey underwear, to a variety of retail outlets is which type of retail distribution strategy?
1950-1980
During which time period do we see discount retail stores (e.g., Kmart, Walmart) emerge to fulfill a need for lower-cost apparel?
False
Economic trends, the business climate, and the cost of living expenses are included in the short-range forecasting for apparel companies. t/f
type of services offered to their customers price of their product or service quality of their product or service styling of their products
Fashion brand companies compete with one another on the basis of _
brand differentiation
Fashion brand companies may use a brand positioning map to compare themselves with competing brands in order to determine their ________
true
Fashion brand companies often license their brand name in order to add product categories and expand product lines. t/f
false
Fashion brand companies that use an exclusive distribution strategy will typically distribute their merchandise through mass merchandisers such as Target and Walmart. t/f
1990-present
Fast-fashion strategies of companies such as Zara and H&M based on an ultra-fast supply chain were established during this time period
false
Fit models are seldom used today as computerized fitting has become available to apparel companies at a reasonable cost. t/f
estimate cost is higher than the target customer's expectation styling seems too fashion-forward when compared to the rest of the line styling is too similar to another garment in the line the design, fabrics, and/or trims may pose potential problems in production
Garments may be eliminated at the line review meeting for the following reason(s):
fragmentation of national economies into independent entities, caused by specialization
Globalization has caused all of the following EXCEPT: -need for organizations to facilitate trade agreements between countries, lowering barriers for the exchange of goods/services -countries redefining their respective roles in the process of apparel design, marketing, and production -fragmentation of national economies into independent entities, caused by specialization -continual elimination of quotas and tariffs on domestically produced products
false
Grade rules are used in the layout of pattern pieces to determine the least amount of fabric needed to produce the garment. t/f
sole proprietor
I am the single owner of a fashion brand company and oversee several employees. I borrowed money to start my company and I have unlimited liability in paying any debts. My role is a ____
true
In developing private-label merchandise, the retailer works directly with the sewing contractor or manufacturer to produce the goods. t/f
false
In order to allow sufficient time to produce sales samples, the production order for the garments is placed at the time the first prototype is sewn t/f
publicly held corporation limited partnership LLC private corporation
Limited liability of any debt is an advantage of which of the following types of business ownership?
Los Angeles, CA New York City Chicago, IL Dallas, Tx
Market centers in the United States
offshore contractors
Market research is typically conducted by all of the following except: textile trade associations (e.g., Cotton Incorporated) large retailers offshore contractors apparel trade associations (e.g., AAFA) large apparel companies
true
Measurement specifications include the list of finished dimensions of the garment style at specified points as well as the amount the finished dimensions can vary from the specified dimensions. t/f
conventional marketing channel
My fashion brand company partners with other companies for the production and retailing functions. This strategy is known as _________
customer touchpoints
Omnichannel retail distribution allows retailers to connect through multiple channels including bricks-and-mortar stores, websites, social media platforms, and mobile devices. These multiple channels are known as _____
vertical marketing channel
Private label and SPA merchandise produced for and sold by a specific retailer is an example of __________
true
Producing a sample style in several colorways provides more options for retailers without significantly adding to the design development and preproduction costs. t/f
-advances in technologies that allow for efficient tracking of merchandise -cooperation between the textile, apparel manufacturing, and retail industries -companies along the marketing channel sharing sales information with each other -a consumer-oriented "pull system" where information flows from the consumer back to the manufacturers All of these. cooperation between the textile, apparel manufacturing, and retail industries companies along the marketing channel sharing sales information with each other
Quick Response is based on ___
men
Ready-to-wear clothing was readily available for this group by the mid-nineteenth century and retail stores such as Brooks Brothers were established to provide apparel for this group.
false
Replenishment strategies, also known as lifestyle merchandising, refer to retailers' ability to carry a variety of merchandise to meet the needs of a customer's lifestyle. t/f
at the same time the color and fashion research is conducted
Research for appropriate trims for a style is conducted______
at marts during market weeks at trade shows sponsored by trade associations in their showrooms located in marts or in garment/fashion centers of major cities
Sales representatives sell lines of apparel, accessories, and home fashions to retail buyers _____
true
Single-layer cutting for production goods can be done economically by using a laser cutter. t/f
true
Styles repeated from one line to the next are called carryovers. t/f
logistics
Successful fashion brand companies focus on ________, which are the processes of coordinating the purchasing and movement of materials and components to factories, distribution centers, and retailers.
time for the goods to be delivered timing of reorders cooperative advertising allowances discounts if a certain quantity is ordered
Terms of sale negotiated between sales representatives and retail buyers include
increased accuracy of the pattern improved efficiency with production increased speed in duplicating the patterns increased speed in making minor changes in patterns from one season to the next
The advantages of CAD over traditional pattern making include:
corporation
The advantages of a _______________ include limited liability for any debt owed, flexibility in transferring business ownership, and ability to hire management independent of ownership.
brand identity
The creation of a strong ______ is determined by the company through their brand positioning process
monopolistic competition
The denim jean product category is an example of _______, whereby there are many brands of denim jeans each striving to be unique enough that consumers seek out that particular brand.
true
The garment specification sheet includes all the pertinent information required to complete a pattern and prototype of a design. t/f
false
The initial cost sheet is completed after the new style is selected to be included in the line. t/f
a basic block, also called a sloper a draped muslin a pattern from a similar style from a previous season
The pattern for a new garment style can be created by beginning with:
increasing the complexity of designs and manufacturing processes to encourage design innovation
The success of fast-fashion companies has been dependent upon all of the following EXCEPT: -designers, production planners, and market specialists working together to achieve efficiencies throughout the supply chain -limiting the quantities offered on multiple product styles -gaining a larger control over the many stages of the products' supply chain -increasing the complexity of designs and manufacturing processes to encourage design innovation -creating retail distribution processes that move merchandise from production to stores as quickly as possible
false
The ultimate goal of all retailers is to have a mass distribution strategy. t/f
true
The zeitgeist explains that fashion is a reflection of the times in which it is created and worn. t/f
true
Through the use of vendor marking, manufacturers' distribution centers create floor-ready merchandise. t/f
royalties not being paid to the owner of a trademark
Trademark infringement is a result of which of the following?
products that carry the label of the retailer's brand name and that are manufactured by a contractor for the retailer (e.g., Target's Greatland)
Which of the following are examples of private-label goods?
fast fashion brands
Uniqlo, Zara, H&M, and Forever 21 are examples of ________
true
Unlike Chicago, Atlanta, Los Angeles and Dallas, New York City is a market center without an apparel/merchandise mart. t/f
false
Unlike other product categories, non-store retailing for fashion merchandise has decreased in importance over the past few years as consumers perceive too much risk in purchasing merchandise without being able to try it on. t/f
target customer characteristics color trends fabric trends successful styles from the previous season
When developing a new line, designers and merchandisers consider which of the following?
true
When insufficient orders for specific styles are placed by retailers, retailers' orders for these styles are typically cancelled. t/f
true
When selling merchandise internationally, companies often utilize the services of a selling agent or sell merchandise through international distribution or licensing agreements. t/f
Hardware and software requires a capital outlay. Additional training is needed for designers. Malfunctions can lead to expensive down time.
Which of the following are disadvantages of computerized pattern design systems?
design of a high-heeled shoe
Which of the following fashion items cannot be copyrighted in the United States? design of a high-heeled shoe graphic design on a T-shirt fabric print used in a private label fashion brand item printed upholstery fabric sold by the yard original photography incorporated into a fabric print
basic fashion items such as underwear, hosiery, and socks
Which of the following fashion products would be best suited to an inventory replenishment strategy whereby the manufacturer manages what and how often merchandise is distributed to the retailer.
construction details a fabric swatch
Which of the following information is generally included on the garment specification sheet?
sweater from the Ralph Lauren collection
Which of the following is NOT considered an example of a licensed product? T-shirt with the Coca-Cola logo on it sweater from the Ralph Lauren collection sweatshirt with an official NFL team logo on it women's perfume Beyonce Heat by Beyonce children's pajamas made from fabric printed with Disney characters from the movie "Frozen"
automatic replenishment programs EDI—electronic data interchange increased partnerships among companies involved in the design, production, and distribution of fashion merchandise
Which of the following is a way in which supply chain management is being implemented by retailers?
reading appropriate trade and consumer publications "shopping the market" studying customers "on the street" viewing high-fashion couture and ready-to-wear collections
Which of the following is a way that designers and merchandisers conduct fashion trend research?
a textile mill incorporating looms so that one facility has the technology for manufacturing processes from raw fibers to woven fabric
Which of the following is an example of vertical integration in the textile and apparel industries?
a well-established image-oriented property
Which of the following is necessary for the success of a licensed product?
Fashion shows for consumers to see the latest fashion brands
Which of the following is not a service offered by fashion/apparel/merchandise marts?
domestic fashion magazines popular fashion magazines European fashion magazines
Which of the following publications might be used for fashion trend research?
Fashion is unpredictable and is based on a flick consumer.
Which of the following statements about fashion is FALSE? Fashion is evolutionary and often follows trends. Fashion is unpredictable and is based on a flick consumer. Fashion is a prevailing style during a particular time. Fashion can be a style of consumer product or a way of behaving.
multichannel retailing
Which of the following technologies has NOT been important in the effective implementation of supply chain management? -bar codes on individual items and shipping containers -multichannel retailing -bar codes on individual items and creating an online store -B2B web-based technologies
preferences, attitudes, and personality
Which of the following would be considered psychographic information about a target customer?
chain store retailer
With their centralized buying, multiple units, and similarity in store layout and visual merchandising, JCPenney, Gap, and Victoria's Secret are examples of which type of retailer?
rise of the middle class and technologies to increase production
most probable influence for the rise to the ready-to-wear industry during the Industrial Revolution?
Negotiate terms of sales with retail buyers Provide retailers with product and merchandise information Write orders for merchandise Attend to showroom and/or booth management and maintenance
responsibility of sales representatives for fashion brands?