The Art of Public Speaking Chapter 6

Attitude

A frame of mind in favor of or opposed to a person, policy, belief, institution, etc.

Why must a public speaker be audience-centered?

to figure out common bonds and to make sure you don't say something out of ignorance.

What are the 6 demographic traits of audiences discussed in this chapter? Why is each important to audience analysis?

1. Age 2. Gender 3. Religion 4. Sexual orientation 5. Racial, ethnic, and cultural background 6. Group membership

What factors do you need to consider in situational audience analysis?

1. Size of the audience 2. Physical settings 3. Disposition toward the; Topic 4. Speaker 5. Occasion

Identification

A process in which speakers seek to create a bond with the audience by emphasizing common values, goals, and experiences.

How can you get info about an audience?

Ask questions or by relying on a third party professional pollsters.

Demographic audience analysis

Audience analysis that focuses on demographic factors such as age, gender, religion, sexual orientation, group membership, and racial, ethnic, or cultural background.

Situational Audience Analysis

Audience analysis that focuses on situational factors such as the size of the audience, the physical setting for the speech, and the disposition of the audience toward the topic, the speaker, and the occasion.

What methods can you use to adapt your speech to your audience before the speech? During the speech?

Before: Pregame how they will re-act to your info and adjusting what you say to make it as clear, appropriate, and convincing as possible. During: Adapting to your surrounding is key.

Stereotyping

Creating an oversimplified image of a particular group of people, usually by assuming that all members of the group are alike.

What are 3 kinds of questions used in questionnaires? Why is it a good idea to use all three in audience analysis?

Fixed-alternative, scale, and open-ended questions/ To limit the disadvantages and to increase the advantages.

Audience-centeredness

Keeping the audience foremost in mind at every step of speech preparation and presentation.

Open-ended Questions

Questions that allow respondents to answer however they want.

Fixed-alternative Questions

Questions that offer a fixed choice between 2 or more alternatives.

Scale Questions

Questions that require responses at fixed intervals along a scale of answers.

Egocentrism

The tendency of people to be concerned above all with their own values, beliefs, and well-being.