The Cardiovascular and Respiratory Systems
Regular exercise
-30 mins 3 to 4 times a week -Aerobic exercise
Heart murmur
-Abnormal sounds made as blood travvels through the heart -Severity and treatment varies greatly
Three main type of blood vessels
-Arteries -Capilaries -Veins
Blood vessels
-Arteries -Capillaries -Veins
Carbon dioxide leaves body
-Blood from body enters blood vessesl surrounding alveoli -Carbon dioxied moves from blood into alveoli -Carbon dioxide moves from alveoli to the lungs -Expelled from lungs as we exhale
Superior and inferior vena cava
-Blood without oxygen is brought to the heart through this.
Anemia
-Blood's ability to carry oxygen is reduced -Most common cause is iron deficiency
-Veins
-Carry deoxygenated blood to heart -Venules collect blood form capillaries and empty into larger veins -Have valves to prevent backflow
Arteries
-Carry oxygen rich blood away from the heart into progressively smaller arterioles, which delivers blood to capillaries
Cardiovascular Issues
-Congenital heart defects -Heart murmur -Vericose veins -Leukemia -Hemophilia -Anemia
Breathing
-Controlled by diaphragm
Results of hypertension
-Damage to arteries -Aneurysm -Heart failure -Blocked or ruptures blood vessels -Stroke -Trouble with memory and understanding
Congenital heart defects
-Defect of heart at birth -Many known and unknown causes -hereditary -Improper prenatal care
Blood
-Delivers oxygen, nutrients, and hormones to cells -Carries away waste and carbon dioxide
Inhaling
-Diaphragm contract -Chest cavity expands -Lungs expand -Air fills the lungs
Exhaling
-Diaphragm relaxes -Chest cavity shrinks -Air is pushed out of the lungs
Path of air
-Enters body through mouht or nose -Filtered by mucus -Air is warmed as it moves through nasal passage -Goes through pharynx and larynx into trachea -Trachea splits into two tubes called bronchi -One bronchi goes to each lung
Cardiovascular disesase
-Group of diseases that affect cardiovascular system -Includes hypertension, heart disease, and stroje -Many are associated with lifestyle behaviors -The leading cause of death in us
Myocardium
-HEART muscle tissues -Autmatically adjusts to actiivty level -Four main chambers
Prevent Cardiovascular disesase
-Healthy diet -Regular exercise -Maintain healthy weight
Components of cardiovascular system
-Heart -BLOOD -blood vessels
Hemophilia
-Hereditary diseases wehre blood does not clot properly -Can lead to uncontrollable bleeding
Bronchities
-Inflammation of bronchi -Leads to excess mucus roduction -Caused by irritans like tobacco smoke or pollution -Can be chronic
Pneumonia
-Inflammation of lungs caused by infection -Alveoli swell and become clogged with mucus -Potentially deadly -Cause chest pain
Asthma
-Inflammation of trachea, bronci, and bronchioles -Leads to difficulty breathing
-Healthy diet
-Lowi n saturated fat -Low cholesterol -Low salt
Echange of gasses
-Lungs and blood exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide in alveoli
Respiratory system care
-No smoking -Avoid air pollution -Adopt a healthy lifestyle
Vericose veins
-Occur when weakened valves cannot prevent the backflow of blood -Commonly occur in the legs
Platelets
-Prevent the loss of blood by clotting
White blood cells
-Protect the body against infection -Fight infections when they occur
Healthy weight-
-Reduce stress on heart and blood vessels
Capillaries
-Small vessels that carry blood between arterioles and venules -Gases, nutrients, and wastes are exhanged between blood and cells through the whtin capillary walls -Help control body temperature
Bronchi splits into
-Smaller and smaller tubes -Smallest tubes are called bronchioles -End of each bronchiole are millions of air sacs called alveoli
Blood pressure
-Two measurements (systolic (max) diastolic (min)
Emphysema
-Walls of alveoli are slowly destroyed -Causes shortness of breath -Eventually lungs cease to function -aLMOST Always caused by smoking
Leukemia
-form of cancer by abnormaly produced white blood cells
Strucuters of respiratory system
-nose -mouth -pharynx -Larynx -Trachea -Diaphragm
List the three functions blood serves in the body.
1) Defense against infections that can occur in the human body. 2) Distributes nutrients from food in the body 3) It helps to regulate the body temperature of the human.
Prehypertension
120 - 139/80 - 89
Stage 1 hypertension
140 - 149/90 - 99
What percentage of blood is made up of plasma?
55%
Respiratory system issues
=Emphysema -Asthma -Bronchitis -Pneumonia
Components of blood
=Plasma 55% -Red blood cells 40% -White blood cells and platelets 5%
Right atrium > Right ventricle
>Lung>Heart>lEFT atrium>left ventricle>pumped through aorta to body
Vein
A blood vessel which carries deoxygenated blood to the heart from the cells of the body
Artery
A blood vessel which carries oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the cells of the body
Cardiovascular system
A closed one-way system, composed of the: heart, blood vessels and blood, that provides oxygen to all the cells of the body.
plasma
A fluid in which other parts of the blood are suspended.
Diaphragm
A muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen and is used to control breathing.
Heart
A muscular organ which pumps blood throughout the body with repeated automatic contractions.
Lung
A sack-like organ in which air is exchanged with carbon dioxide as part of the respiration process.
Respiratory system
A system of organs, including the lungs, mouth, diaphragm, and bronchial tube, which transfers oxygen to the blood and expels carbon dioxide from the blood.
sTAGE 2 Hypertension
Above 160/100
Blood vessel
An artery, vein, or capillary through which blood circulates in the body.
Blood is transported through
Blood vessels
Explain how smoking damages the respiratory system and name two conditions that can develop when a person smokes.
By smoking, you are actually introducing carbon monoxide into the body, which is toxic. Tars and other chemicals will settle on the cilia of the lungs and cannot be removed; which further degrades the functionality of the respiratory system. Two conditions that develop when a person smokes are emphysema and bronchitis.
Red blood cells
Contain hemoglobin, which ransport oxygen from our lungs
The right ventricle transports oxygenated blood to the lungs.
F
Explain why cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in men and women in the United States.
Generally, many cardiovascular diseases are related to lifestyle behaviors. Factors that contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease include lack of a balanced diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and the lack of regular doctor visits.
Briefly explain why maintaining a healthy weight is important in cardiovascular system care.
Maintaining a healthy weight reduces the stress on the heart and blood vessels.
Describe the location and importance of cilia and mucus in the respiratory system.
Mucus and cilia help filter dust and dirt. Cilia are small, hair-like structures in the nasal passage and trachea. Mucus is also found in the nasal passage and the trachea.
The heart
Pump that makes cardiovascular system work
Air is warmed and moisten as it moves through both the mouth and nasal passages.
T
Each lung is fed oxygen by a separate bronchus.
T
In the human body, the larynx is attached to the trachea.
T
Once entering the nose, air moves through both the pharynx and larynx.
T
The cardiovascular system, which transports blood through the body, is a one-way system.
T
List another name for the larynx and the importance it plays in the human body.
The larynx is also called the voice box. While its main function is to allow a person to speak, it also protects the trachea.
Blood pressure normal
Under 120/80
What respiratory structure controls breathing?
diaphragm
All cardiovascular diseases are caused by poor lifestyle choices.
f
White blood cells prevent the loss of blood by causing clotting.
f
What function do capillaries serve in the cardiovascular system?
help control body temperature
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a healthy diet?
low in carbohydrates
Which of the following is a possible result of hypertension?
stroke
The aorta pumps blood out of the heart to the rest of the body.
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