The Cell - Anatomy and Division Lab Assignment
The nucleus of the cell contains its genes, which are sections of ________.
DNA
True or False: All animal cells have a cell wall.
False
True or False: The end product of mitosis is four genetically identical daughter nuclei.
False
This membranous organelle resembles a stack of flattened sacs with bulbous ends and associated vesicles. rough endoplasmic reticulum lysosomes Golgi apparatus smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
The plasma membrane allows nutrients to enter the cell and keeps undesirable substances out of the cell. It also allows wastes to pass out of the cell and keeps valuable cell proteins inside the cell. This property is called ________. selective permeability checking and balancing resistive permeability impermeability
selective permeability
________ are tiny finger like projections on some cell surfaces that increase the surface area for absorption of materials. Cilia Microvilli Microtubules Flagella
microvilli
Because these organelles are responsible for providing most of the ATP needed by the cell, they are often referred to as the "powerhouses" of the cell. They are the __________. lysosomes mitochondria centrioles ribosomes
mitochondria
In which stage of the cell cycle do chromosomes condense?
prophase
You are observing a slide that contains cells undergoing cell division, and you have focused on a cell that has darkly staining X-shaped chromosomes that appear loose throughout the cell. You cannot see a nuclear envelope. This cell is in ________. telophase interphase anaphase prophase
prophase
________ carry out specific functions inside cells, whereas ________ store glycogen, lipids, pigments, and other substances. Golgi apparatus, organelles Organelles, inclusions Inclusions, mitochondria Organelles, genes
organelles, inclusions
What event immediately precedes anaphase? The mitotic spindle forms. The nuclear envelope forms around chromatin. Chromosomes cluster at the midline of the cell. DNA replicates.
Chromosomes cluster at the midline of the cell (metaphase)
Plasma cells are key to the immune response because they secrete antibodies. Given that antibodies are made of protein, which membrane-enclosed cell organelle would you expect the plasma cells to have in abundance? Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Lysosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
function of mitochondria
contain enzymes that oxidize foodstuffs to produce cellular energy (ATP); often referred to as "powerhouses of the cell"
The nucleus, plasma membrane and ________ are the three major regions of cells that can readily be seen with a light microscope. organelles cytosol cytoplasm cell fluid
cytoplasm
Which of the following is the function of peroxisomes? **Select only those that apply**
detoxifies chemicals coming into the cell
function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum
site of lipid and cholesterol synthesis for membranes
function of nuclear pores
allow ribosomes, mRNA, and many other large molecules, but not the DNA, to pass out of the nuclear membrane.; to allow large molecules, with the exception of DNA, to pass through the envelope
During ________, the shortest phase of mitosis, chromosomes are pulled toward the poles of the cell
anaphase
Name the structural and functional unit of all living things
cells
Proteins are assembled on these organelles. __________
ribosomes
This organelle is particularly important during cell division. It directs the formation of the mitotic spindle. mitochondrion endoplasmic reticulum centriole microtubule
centriole
Which of the following is not considered to be a cytoskeletal element? microtubules centrioles microfilaments intermediate filaments
centrioles
When a cell is NOT dividing, the DNA is loosely spread throughout the nucleus in a threadlike form called __________. cytosol ribosomes chromatin chromosomes
chromatin
________ is/are a contractile ring of actin microfilaments that eventually results in the division of the cytoplasm. Kinetochore microfilaments Centrioles Cleavage furrow Mitotic spindle
cleavage furrow
function of lysosomes
digests material brought in from outside the cell; function to digest worn-out cell organelles and foreign substances that enter the cell organelles and foreign substances that enter the cell; have the capacity of total cell destruction if ruptured and are for this reason referred to as "suicide sacs"
During __________ the cell grows and performs its usual activities. cytokinesis interphase
interphase
This organelle digests other worn-out organelles and foreign substances that have entered the cell. lysosome peroxisome endoplasmic reticulum Golgi apparatus
lysosome
In which stage of the cell cycle do chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell? Prophase G2 S Cytokinesis Telophase G1 Anaphase Metaphase
metaphase
Name the rod-shaped organelles that have a double-membrane wall and that oxidize foodstuffs to make ATP. lysosomes rough endoplasmic reticulum mitochondria ribosomes
mitochondria
This organelle stores and transports proteins, and synthesizes phospholipids and cholesterol. mitochondrion endoplasmic reticulum microtubule centriole
endoplasmic reticulum
These small bodies are found inside the nucleus of the cell. Made of proteins and RNA, these structures assemble ribosomes. They are ________. nucleos nuclear envelopes nuclear poroses nucleoli
nucleoli
During this phase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle forms and the nuclear envelope fragments. metaphase telophase anaphase prophase
prophase
In which stage of the cell cycle does the nuclear envelope disappear?
prophase
The plasma membrane not only provides a protective boundary for the cell but also determines which substances enter or exit the cell. We call this characteristic __________. membrane potential osmosis diffusion selective permeability
selective permeability
In which stage of the cell cycle do chromosomes decondense?
telophase
In which stage of the cell cycle does the nuclear envelope reform?
telophase
In which phase(s) of mitosis do the chromosomes contain a single copy of DNA? prophase metaphase telophase and anaphase prophase and metaphase
telophase and anaphase
DNA replication occurs during __________. prophase interphase cytokinesis metaphase
interphase
________ are membranous sacs that detoxify harmful chemicals. Lysosomes Rough endoplasmic reticulum Peroxisomes Golgi apparatus
peroxisomes
________ molecules form the major component of the plasma membrane and are arranged in the form of a bilayer. sugar (carbohydrates) phospholipid cholesterol protein
phospholipid
In which stage of the cell cycle does the mitotic spindle form?
prophase
The end product of cell division by mitosis is ________. 2 genetically identical daughter cells 2 daughter cells that have different genes 4 daughter cells, each with unique genes 4 genetically identical daughter cells
2 genetically identical daughter cells
In which stage of the cell cycle do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell? Prophase G2 Telophase G1 Anaphase S Cytokinesis Metaphase
Anaphase
Some antifungal medications work by blocking DNA synthesis in the fungal cell. During which phase of the cell cycle do these medications work? S phase Prophase G1 G2
S Phase