The Cerebral Cortex

The endocrine system is the body's

"SLOW" Chemical Communication System.

Adam is paralyzed below the waist. He is capable of an erection, _____, if his genitals are stimulated.

A Simple Reflex

A firefighter immediately wakes in the middle of the night at the sound of an alarm. It is likely that his or her ______________ have released epinephrine and norepinephrine in response

Adrenal Glands

In his research on the limbic system, Dr. Harrington electrically stimulates the ____________ of cats and then measures their rage and fear reactions.

Amygdala

Michelle clearly remembers when her grandmother passed away. This may be because this negative experience energized her:

Amygdala.

A drug that inhibits a neurotransmitter's release is called a(n):

Antagonist

Following massive damage to his frontal lobes, Phineas Gage was most strikingly debilitated by:

Antisocial And Aggressive Behavior.

Following massive damage to his frontal lobes, Phineas Gage was most strikingly debilitated by

Antisocial and Aggressive Behavior.

Chan is a concert pianist who practices a great deal. Which area of his brain is likely to be larger than it is in a person who does not play the piano?

Auditory Cortex

This is a deep brain structure that is involved in motor movement.

Basal Ganglia

The brain's oldest and innermost region, the one responsible for autonomic survival functions, is the:

Brainstem

In the early 1800s, Franz Gall proposed his theory of phrenology, which is the study of:

Bumps on the skull that could reveal a person's mental abilities and character traits.

Steve had a stroke last year. Although he can remember many things from his childhood, he is unable to remember what he just ate for breakfast. It is MOST likely that the stroke:

Damaged his Frontal Lobes.

Christine has multiple sclerosis. This is related to:

Degeneration of the Myelin Sheath.

The correct order of the structures of the motor neuron is: A) the myelin sheath, dendrites, axon, terminal branches of the axon. B) dendrites, neuron, terminal branches of the axon, axon. C) dendrites, the cell body, axon, terminal branches of the axon. D) terminal branches of the axon, axon, dendrites, cell body.

Dendrites, The cell body, Axon, Terminal branches of the Axon.

With respect to the relationship between the mind and the brain, the eminent neuroscientist Roger Sperry argued that the mind _____ the brain.

Emerges from

Marge suffered a stroke in the underside of the right temporal lobe. Which brain function is likely to be affected?

Facial Recognition

The textbook states that "when a person performs a perceptual task, a brain scan often reveals increased activity (brain waves, blood flow, and glucose consumption) in the right hemisphere." Which technique would demonstrate this increase in activity by examining blood flow?

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

These cells in the nervous system support, nourish, and protect neurons.

Glial

Most neurons have all of the following parts EXCEPT

Glial Cells.

Professor Carlington studies academic achievement among college students, which can be predicted by variations in the development of the:

Hippocampus.

The first patient who _____ was a 25-year-old man with paralysis who was able to mentally control a TV, draw shapes on a computer screen, and play video games.

Implemented Cognitive Neural Prosthetics

The largest number of neurons within the brain and spinal cord are _____, and they are responsible for the central nervous system's complex internal communications system and intervene between inputs and outputs.

Interneurons

Professor Jones is giving a lecture on neurons and action potential to a group of first-year college students. Which of the following would he use as a model to describe the chemistry-to-electricity process of the action potential?

It is similar to the way batteries generate electricity.

A highly efficient computer engineer would MOST likely have:

Larger Parietal Lobes.

Dr. Barillas is conducting a study in which she is destroying tiny clusters of a rat's brain to see what type of function and behavior is affected. The technique she uses is called:

Lesioning

Each hemisphere's cortex is subdivided into four _____ and separated by _____.

Lobes; Fissures

Dr. Saunders wants to understand how certain tasks influence brain activity. He uses a(n) _____ that can measure the speed and strength of magnetic fields in the brain.

MEG

Ian Burkhart lost the use of his arms and legs at the age of 19. Due to technological advances, he can now use his arms. This is due to the use of:

Machine Learning

Thomas is writing a research report about the cerebellum. He is likely to include a discussion of the role of the cerebellum in relation to all of the following EXCEPT:

Mathematical Skills.

The ____________ is responsible for a person's heart beating and for the person to be able to breathe.

Medulla

The base of the brainstem is the:

Medulla

Professor Kim is studying how the brain is involved in voluntary movements. Professor Kim stimulates the _____ of his participants' brain with mild electrical signals. As a result, the right arm of his participants involuntarily moves.

Motor Cortex

The signals for voluntary muscle movements originate in the _____, which is located on the _____ lobe.

Motor Cortex; Frontal

Scientists hope that they will someday be able to use master stem cells to help the body create new neurons for damaged areas of the brain through the process of:

Neurogenesis.

A brain imaging technique reveals heightened activity in the right hemisphere of Jesse's brain as he completes a task in a cognitive neuroscience experiment. Jesse's task LEAST likely involved:

Performing Arithmetic Computations.

It is common wisdom that if a person does not have the use of one sense, such as vision or hearing, the other senses become more enhanced. This BEST illustrates:

Plasticity

To obtain a scan using this technique, a patient is injected with (or ingests) a low and harmless dose of a short-lived radioactive glucose.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

Marisol has been prescribed _____, which can relieve depression by partially blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin.

Prozac

Shawn is watching a movie while writing a research report for his psychology class. His ability to multitask in this way is related to his:

Reticular Formation.

John had a brain tumor removed. Now he has no vision in his left eye. The tumor was MOST likely located in John's _____ lobe.

Right Occipital

Simone was robbed in the parking garage as she was getting ready to leave work. She experienced reduced arousal to the robbery, which is a threatening stimulus. This may be associated with a(n):

Smaller-than-average Amygdala.

This part of the peripheral nervous system controls the voluntary movements of the skeletal muscles.

Somatic

Jennifer just felt someone touch her shoulder. Her _____ was stimulated

Somatosensory Cortex

Leiko is paralyzed below the waist following an accident. Although she does not respond to erotic images, she does experience an increase in vaginal lubrication in response to genital stimulation. Leiko has most clearly suffered damage to her:

Spinal Cord

The _____ work together to maintain homeostasis in the human body.

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic Nervous Systems

Dr. Render is a neuropsychologist who works with postsurgical patients who have had surgery to sever the corpus callosum (to reduce severe seizures). When she presents the word "SAL-TED" to one patient, "SAL" transmits to his left visual field and "TED" to his right visual field. She then asks him to tell her what he saw. What does this patient say?

TED

Dr. Render, a neuropsychologist, works postsurgically with patients who have had their corpus callosum surgically severed (to reduce severe seizures). When she presents the word "SAL-TED" to one patient, "SAL" transmits to his left visual field and "TED" to his right visual field. She then asks him to tell her what he saw. What does this patient say?

TED

Researchers have discovered that the areas of the motor cortex responsible for precise movements (for example, of the fingers and the mouth):

Take up a larger area of the Motor Cortex in comparison to those areas responsible for larger movements.

Dr. Hauser is a neurosurgeon who works with patients who have major epileptic seizures. What part of the brain might Dr. Hauser sever to help reduce his patients' seizures?

The Corpus Callosum

Kyree was in an automobile accident in which he suffered serious head trauma. When he regained consciousness, he could not remember any new information and experiences that occurred since the accident. Kyree likely had damage to which area of the limbic system?

The Hippocampus

Which area of the limbic system regulates thirst, body temperature, and sexual behavior, and also helps maintain a steady (homeostatic) internal state?

The Hypothalamus

Ralph was hit in the back of the head by a beer bottle during a bar fight. After the blow, he was dazed and could not see for about two minutes. Which lobe was affected?

The Occipital Lobe

Margaret suffered from a stroke over six months ago. She lost the ability to recognize faces and the ability to move her left arm and leg. She went through physical therapy to regain the use of her left arm and leg. Although she is now able to walk with the use of a cane and can do many things with her left arm, she still has problems recognizing faces and is often unable to recognize her own children and grandchildren. Her stroke MOST likely impacted which part of her brain?

The Right Temporal Lobe

The specialized area of the brain at the front of the parietal lobes that registers and processes body touch and movement sensations is:

The Somatosensory Cortex.

A medical equipment company is thinking of expanding by developing a higher tech version of the presently used lie-detection machines that measure perspiration, cardiovascular, and respiration changes. On which of the following systems should its research focus?

The Sympathetic Nervous System

The brain's left hemisphere is specialized for:

The rapid, literal understanding of language.

Jerome was recently diagnosed with Parkinson's disease. He is not alone because more than _____ people worldwide suffer from the disorder.

10 MILLION

The cerebrum accounts for _____ percent of the brain's weight.

85%