The Circulatory System Review

Names of electrical conductivity of the heart

1. Sinoatrial (SA) node 2. Atrioventricular (AV) node 3. Bundle of His 4. Bundle branches 5. Purkinje fibres

Path of a drop of blood through the heart

1. Blood reaches heart through superior vena cava(SVC) and inferior vena cava(IVC) 2. To the right atrium 3. To the tricuspid valve 4. To the right ventricle 5. To the pulmonary valve 6. To main pulmonary artery 7. To left pulmonary artery and right pulmonary artery 8. To lungs-- blood receives O2 and releases CO2 9. From lungs to pulmonary veins 10. To left atrium 11. To mitral (bicuspid) valve 12. To left ventricle 13. To aortic valve(largest artery in the body) 15. Blooding with oxygen then goes to all cells of the body

Cardiologist

A cardiologist is a doctor with special training and skill in finding, treating and preventing diseases of the heart and blood vessels the cardiovascular system.

Hemoglobin

A complex protein composed of the protein molecule called globin and the iron compound called heme. Hemo globin carries both oxygen and carbon dioxide. When carrying oxygen, hemoglobin give blood it's characteristic red color.

Hematologist

A hematologist is a specialist in hematology, the science or study of blood, blood-forming organs and blood diseases. The medical aspect of hematology is concerned with the treatment of blood disorders and malignancies, including types of hemophilia, leukemia, lymphoma and sickle-cell anemia. Hematology is a branch of internal medicine that deals with the physiology, pathology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and prevention of blood-related disorders.

Blood types and who can give to whom

A person with type A blood can donate blood to a person with type A or type AB. A person with type B blood can donate blood to a person with type B or type AB. A person with type AB blood can donate blood to a person with type AB only. A person with type O blood can donate to anyone.

Arterioles

An arteriole is a small diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation system that branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries.Arterioles have muscular walls and are the primary site of vascular resistance, which reduces the pressure and velocity of flow for gas and nutrient exchange to occur within the capillaries. Arterioles are innervated and can also respond to other circulating factors to regulate their caliber.

Electrocardiogram

An electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) is a test that checks for problems with the electrical activity of your heart. An EKG shows the heart's electrical activity as line tracings on paper. The spikes and dips in the tracings are called waves.

Plasma

Approximately 90% water, with many dissolved or suspended substances. Plasma helps maintain blood pressure and regulates body temperature. It contains a complex mix of substances used by the body to perform important functions. These substances include minerals, salts, hormones and proteins.

Arteries

Carry blood away from the heart

CVA

Cerebrovascular accident: The sudden death of some brain cells due to lack of oxygen when the blood flow to the brain is impaired by blockage or rupture of an artery to the brain. A CVA is also referred to as a stroke. Symptoms of a stroke depend on the area of the brain affected.

DVT and Pulmonary Embolism

Clots in Veins: Blood clots which form in the deep veins of the body lead to deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). When a clot forms in the deep veins of the body, it is called deep vein thrombosis, often referred to as DVT for short. ... DVT and PE are collectively known as VTE (venous thromboembolism).

Capillaries

Connect arterioles with venules, the smallest veins. Located in close proximity to every cell in the body. They have thin walls that contain only one layer of cells. They transfer oxygen and other nutrients from the bloodstream to the tissues.

FAST

F- face drooping A- arm weakness S- speech dificulty T- time to call 911

Leukemia

Leukemia is a malignancy (cancer) of blood cells. In leukemia, abnormal blood cells are produced in the bone marrow. Usually, leukemia involves the production of abnormal white blood cells -- the cells responsible for fighting infection. However, the abnormal cells in leukemia do not function in the same way as normal white blood cells. The leukemia cells continue to grow and divide, eventually crowding out the normal blood cells. The end result is that it becomes difficult for the body to fight infections, control bleeding, and transport oxygen.

Bright red color of blood is indicative of

Oxygenated blood

Phlebotomist

Phlebotomists are people trained to draw blood from a patient for clinical or medical testing, transfusions, donations, or research. Phlebotomists collect blood primarily by performing venipunctures. Phlebotomy is the process of making an incision in a vein with a needle. The procedure itself is known as a venipuncture

Thrombocytes

Platelets, usually described as fragments or pieces of cells because they lack nuclei and vary in shape and size. Their function is to stop bleeding by clumping and clotting blood vessel injuries.

Erythrocytes

Red blood cells produced in the red bone marrow at a rate of about one hundred million per minute. They carry oxygen from the lungs to the body, and bring carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be expelled

Stroke

Stroke, also called brain attack, occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted. Disruption in blood flow is caused when either a blood clot or piece of plaque blocks one of the vital blood vessels in the brain (ischemic stroke), or when a blood vessel in the brain bursts, spilling blood into surrounding tissues (hemorrhagic stroke);

Aorta

The aorta is the largest artery in the body. The aorta begins at the top of the left ventricle, the heart's muscular pumping chamber. The heart pumps blood from the left ventricle into the aorta through the aortic valve. ... The coronary arteries branch off the ascending aorta to supply the heart with blood.

Endocardium

The endocardium is the inner lining of the heart. The endocardium covers both of the atriums, both of the ventricles, and all of the valves in the heart. This very thin and delicate lining of the heart is made up of three layers: The first layer contains the connective tissue and Purkinje fibers. The connective tissue helps the endocardium attach to the myocardium and the Purkinje fibers help to conduct electricity through the heart muscle. The second layer contains a thin muscle layer and more connective tissue. The third layer contains vascular endothelium which is made up of special cells that line the inside of the circulatory system.

Myocardium

The myocardium is the middle muscular layer of the heart's walls and it functions by providing a scaffolding for the heart chambers, assisting in contraction and relaxation of the cardiac walls so that blood can pass between the chambers and electrostimulation conduction through its own tissues and into the epicardium

Pericardium

The pericardial sac has two layers, a serous layer and a fibrous layer. It encloses the pericardial cavity which contains pericardial fluid. The pericardium fixes the heart to the mediastinum, gives protection against infection, and provides the lubrication for the heart.

Sickle Cell Anemia

The term sickle cell disease (SCD) describes a group of inherited red blood cell disorders. People with SCD have abnormal hemoglobin, called hemoglobin S or sickle hemoglobin, in their red blood cells. Hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.

Veins

Veins are the blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood from parts of our body back to the heart.

Leukocytes

White blood cells (WBCs), also called leukocytes or leucocytes, are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body against both infectious disease and foreign invaders. All white blood cells are produced and derived from multipotent cells in the bone marrow known as hematopoietic stem cells.

Number of cells in a cubic millimeter of blood

five million red blood cells

Hemophilia

is a bleeding disorder that slows the blood clotting process. ... In severe cases of hemophilia, continuous bleeding occurs after minor trauma or even in the absence of injury (spontaneous bleeding). Serious complications can result from bleeding into the joints, muscles, brain, or other internal organs

Systole

the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood from the chambers into the arteries.

Diastole

the phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood.

Aneurysm

an excessive localized enlargement of an artery caused by a weakening of the artery wall.

The amount of blood an adult has in their body (quarts)

approximately 4.7 to 5.5 liters (1.2 to 1.5 gallons) of blood. about 6 quarts of blood