The International Style
The name of the first definitive exhibit of modern architecture in America?
"The International Style", MoMA NYC, Hitchcock and Philip Johnson
Le Corbusier broke furniture down into 3 basic categories:
1)Tables- end tables, coffee tables, dining tables 2)Seating- chairs, lounges, sofas 3)Storage- cabinets, chests of drawers, hutches, armoires
Student entrance requirements to the Bauhaus?
1. Obtain a clean bill from the police and doctor 2. Show adequate means of support while attending the Bauhaus 3. Pass Bauhaus entrance exams
How many students at the Bauhaus?
200 Germans, 14 Austrians, 3 Balitics, 2 Hungarians; ages ranged from 17-40 years, 2/3 served in WWI, majority were men
"Nothing should come in contact with the human body unless it is organic"
Alvar Aalto
Organic furniture designer, formed Artex, "Humanist Architect", architectural titan of the Modern Movement and International Style
Alvar Aalto
Taught textiles and weaving at Bauhaus?
Annie Albers
"To coordinate all creative effort to achieve a new art."
Bauhaus Manifesto
"To unite art and industry to produce prototypes for mass production of things for daily use."
Bauhaus Manifesto
"We must free ourselves of everything decorative!"
Bauhaus Manifesto
Opened her own studio, known for creating numerous domestic articles, both International style and art deco?
Eileen Gray
Expressionist architect, made use of free fluid lines, highly imaginative yet technically feasible structures, saw sculptural possiblities
Eric Mendelsohn
Where did Le Corbusier train?
Europe, including with Peter Behrens in Berlin and Auguste Perret in France
Development of Modernism in Germany at the same time as the Bauhaus in the 1930s?
Expressionist Architecture
Expressed a building's function?
Expressionist Architecture
Typical Bauhaus interiors features?
Floors: wood most common, tile, brick and marble. Windows: Large plate glass and window bands left untreated. Wall & Ceilings: White plaster Fireplace: simple rectangular forms of white plaster with little or no detail Doors: Unadorned and flush Stairways: White rounded bar railings, open risers typical Furniture: Bauhaus and International style classics
Basic philosophy of the Bauhaus-Design premise?
Form follows function
Chilehaus in Hamburg Germany is a striking example of Expressionist Architecture with its undulating facade of stacked brickwork
Fritz Hogar
The names of the Bauhaus members that fled Nazi Germany in the US?
Gropius, Breuer, Albers, Feininger, Mies, and others
German architect and teacher who designed highly imaginative structures?
Hans Poelzig
The aim of Bauhaus and International style in America?
Harness the industrialized design of architecture, furniture, and all useful objects, and the mass production of inexpensive housing for the working man.
The new director appointed by Walter Gropius?
Henri van de Velde- an important designer of Art Nouveau Style in Belgium, served as director of Arts & Crafts school in Weimar until 1919.
The major works of Le Corbusier to the International Style?
Inspired others with books essays exhibitions and lectures, received many awards, recognized for his classic furniture designs
The works of particular American architects that drew inspirations from prototypes of the International style?
Irving Gill, Dodge house in Hollywood- pretty glass house on hill that's always in movies; Richard Neutra, Lovell House in LA first authentic example of the International Style in America; Rudolph Schindler, Lovell Beach House, Newport Beach inspired by International style borrowing from Holland's De Stijl approach
Radical & religious designer, taught his famous 'color theory' at the Bauhaus?
Johannes Itten
Painter known for his "Homage to the Square", often called the "father of op art", fled Germany for US taught at Black Mountain College in NC then later at Yale University?
Josef Albers
Taught basic design principles at the Bauhaus, fled Germany to Chicago where he formed the New Bauhaus?
Laszlo Maholy Nagy (nicknamed Holy Magognay)
"A house is a machine for living?" "All house should be painted white- BY LAW!"
Le Corbusier
"Giant of the International Style"
Le Corbusier
Exchanged the word "furniture" for the term "equipment"
Le Corbusier
Design characteristics in Dessau and the International Style?
Lightweight frame & glass curtain wall construction Open planning Standardized industrial materials Structural Cubistic forms- primarily rectilinear forms A linear geometry of openings Asymmetrical composition= reject symmetry, want to express a 3D character Flat roofs Smooth continuous wall surfaces The rejection of all applied ornament Cool pristine and elegant
"Less is more"
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Trained in Peter Behren's office, responsible for the Barcelona Pavilion and Tugendhat House, director at Bauhaus, instrumental in designing boxy, streamlined steel and glass skyscrapers?
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Only American faculty member, known for abstract & stylized cubistic paintings with overlapping forms, taught at prestigious Mills College for women and in NYC?
Lyonel Feininger
Youngest Bauhaus student, director of new furniture programs in 1925, developed tubular steel for furniture construction, helped invent cantilever furniture design?
Marcel Breuer
Taught design basics as well as creative theater and choreography?
Otto Schlemmer
Painter who taught fantasy dreamlike art at the Bauhaus?
Paul Klee (1879-1949)
Danish architect chiefly known for his vast and extraordinary Grundtvig Church in Copenhagen built with yellow bricks and with an expressionist facade inspired by organ pipes.
Pedar Klint
Revolutionary architect and furniture designer of the International Style in Paris?
Rene Herbst
Bauhaus Curriculum?
Required six months to "liberate" the mind, more formal class work was required for the following 3 years, students were required to serve an apprenticeship for 6 months
Stark cubistic architecture in both International Style and Art?
Robert Mallet-Stevens
Practical experimental design school in Germany
The Bauhaus
The name of the book published by Hitchcock and Philip Johnson?
The International Style
Their belief for the architect and designer?
They should be responsible for not only the design of the house, but for all its details from furnishings and textiles down to the last accessory.
Far reaching influences of the Bauhaus:
United art and industry, created prototypes for mass production, helped unite the craftsman and artist, contributed to defining the term "modern", developed new materials and technology, after much trial and error they developed timeless classics of modern design, influence spread especially to US England Italy and Scandinavia.
Important leader of the constructivist movement in Russia
Vladimir Tatlin
"Design should be a collaborative effort?"
Walter Gropius
"The ticklish problem of combining imaginative design and technical proficiency"
Walter Gropius
Established the International Style of architecture?
Walter Gropius
Formed the prestigious firm: The Architects Collaborative AND accepted the position of Chairman of Architecture at Harvard?
Walter Gropius
Founded the Bauhaus
Walter Gropius
Well-known Russian painter who taught new abstract art?
Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944)
What school was the Bauhaus an extension of?
Weimar School of Arts and Crafts, spring of 1919
The Bauhaus' hostile environment?
Weimar, Germany from 1919-1924
When did a new kind of modern architecture arrived in America?
late 1920s and early 1930s
