The Internet: Tutorial

Blogs:

(an abbreviation of weblog) is an online application for publishing original articles or journal entries. It is similar to a journal, and it stores entries in chronological order. An individual or a group of people can write blogs covering a wide range of topics. Anyone can read the blogs because this information is public. Blogs reflect the opinion of the individual (or the group) that has created them.

What would be considered appropriate netiquette?

-keep messages brief and concise. -avoid racial comments win an argument.

Which of these is the fastest Internet access technology?

-mobile access -satellite access

All computer systems require hardware to connect to the appropriate network. This include:

-router -network card -modem and etc.

Common etiquettes while writing email include: 1. Identify yourself: 2. Add a subject: 3. Use the BCC field: 4. Keep it concise: 5. Don't spam: 6. Proofread:

1. Always identify yourself. Do not assume that the receiver knows who the sender is. 2. Give a short descriptive phrase in the subject line. The subject line should sum up the email in a single line. It is a quick way to let the recipient know what the email is about. 3. Respect the receiver's privacy and use the BCC option when emailing a long list of people. 4. Keep the message concise and to the point. Long, drawn-out messages tend to go off-track and can seem daunting to the reader. 5. Don't spam someone's inbox with unnecessary emails without their permission. 6. Reread the content that has been written. Check for typographical and grammatical errors.

Common etiquette to follow while participating in online discussions: 1. Be respectful: 2. Stay on the topic: 3. Research before posting: 4. Read the guidelines: 5. Avoid harsh language:

1. Online discussions have people from various cultures and backgrounds participating. On such a platform, it is important to be mindful of different mindsets and respectful toward everybody's differing opinions. 2. Avoid veering off the topic. Forums are meant to discuss specific topics using threads. Moving away from the topic may be seen as a diversionary tactic if you are unable to support your side. 3. You may find yourself involved in discussions that you do not have adequate information about. Make sure that you research the topic well before posting. Even if you are certain of some things, research it to be absolutely sure. 4. It is important to read the guidelines of the discussion forum that you are posting on. Every forum will have a certain set of rules, including where you need to post certain topics. You need to be aware of these guidelines. 5. Do not use offensive or harsh language. Use appropriate language, even if you disagree with someone's opinion.

Let's look at some of the common netiquettes that need to be followed while communicating online. 1. Right words: 2. Flaming: 3. Acronyms: 4. Emotions: 5. Reread:

1. Use the right words while writing, since you are completely relying on the written word to convey what you want to communicate. Choosing the right words and phrasing helps you get the message across with the intended tone. For example, if you want to borrow an acquaintance's books, "May I please borrow your books?" sounds politer than "I want your books." 2. Avoid flaming (being hostile through online messages) and typing out in all caps. All caps writing is equivalent to shouting and the reader will consider it rude. 3. Avoid using too many acronyms that are not common. This may make the message confusing. 4. Use emoticons sparingly and in context. Avoid using them in formal communication. 5. Reread whatever has been written before you send it. Errors in the message could reflect badly on you.

1. enable you to publish original articles or journal entries 2. enable you to send text messages as well as multimedia elements 3. enable you to have conversations with others in an online discussion format 4. enable you to send and receive short text messages in real time

1. blogs 2. emails 3. message boards 4. chats

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL):

A DSL connection gives you Internet access through a telephone line without interrupting normal calls. This method uses a frequency band higher than that used by telephonic communication. Typical speeds can reach 20 Mbps and go up to 100 Mbps (depending on the type of DSL system used).

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN):

ISDN gives you Internet access through switched telephone lines, and it can provide higher connection speeds (typically up to 1.9 Mbps). It belongs to a class of high-speed Internet access methods called broadband. All the technologies that follow are also in the broadband access category. With broadband, the combined connection line is not tied up because it uses multiple bands of frequencies for simultaneous telephonic and Internet communication. This allows you to use the same line at the same time for Internet access and telephone calls.

paperless Society

Paper as a resource is used to create books, money, receipts, bills, and many more products. The paper used is mostly recycled but also comes from trees. Cutting down our dependence on paper would mark a huge step in the advancement of human civilization. The Internet is helping this happen. A paperless society is a system that eases its dependence on paper for transactions and information dissemination. With the advent and growth of the Internet, more and more services are beginning to move to the Internet. Banking and financial transactions can now be carried out on the Internet without the need of physical money. You can now purchase flight tickets that are sent to your phone and work without the need of a physical copy.

Internet and Society

Since its evolution, the Internet has been one of the major networks worldwide. It is one of the more widely accessed and largest mass media available. It allows anyone to create and consume information in no time and at no cost. The Internet has also led to major advancements toward creating a paperless society. Let's learn more about the impact of the Internet on the society.

Internet Connections

The Internet is a huge network of hundreds of computers around the world. These computers are connected to their own networks, and these networks connect to each other through devices such as routers. There are many different ways to access the Internet because there are many different types of networks. The access methods depend upon the speed, the media used by the network, and the needs they address.

Wireless Internet access:

Wireless connectivity enables you to connect to the Internet without the use of a cable or wire. Wireless technology uses radio signals to communicate with a wireless device present in the computer system. This type of access is useful when you want to connect portable devices, such as laptops and smartphones, and is mostly of use in businesses, institutions, coffee shops, libraries, and homes. Typically, users with portable devices may connect to the network either permanently or for short periods of time. Most forms of wireless access, such as Wi-Fi connections, are restricted to small areas.

Dial-up access:

You'll need a modem for Dial-up access to the Internet. The connection is through a telephone line. The modem converts your computer's digital communication to analog signals that it transmits over the line. The word modem stands for modulator-demodulator. This form of access permits slow connections, typically 56 kbps or slower. The phone line will be "busy" when you use the Internet because the modem makes a telephone call. The advantage of this access technology is that it does not require any additional infrastructure (other than the modem). Dial-up access has become almost obsolete and has been replaced by other means of Internet access.

Web Page:

a collection of resources presented on a single page over the Internet. Web pages use hypertext markup language (HTML) to display their content. The content may include plain text, images, animation, videos, and so on.

Website:

a collection of several web pages dedicated to a subject, such as news, science, education, careers, sports, TV, and so on. These collections of information generally contain textual, multimedia, and interactive content.

Firewall:

a device (either hardware or software) that monitors communication between a computer system and the Internet. It protects your computer system from attacks by malicious software. Firewalls can also prevent malicious software from leaving an infected computer system.

Web Server:

a hardware device that stores, processes, and distributes web content over the Internet. Computers from around the world can connect to a web server over the Internet. To visit a website, your computer sends a request to a web server by specifying the corresponding web address for the web page you want to view.

Forums:

also called a message board, enables you to have conversations with others in an online discussion format. Forums are convenient channels to post large messages—as opposed to emails, which typically impose restrictions on size. A forum saves all messages for a specific period, and thereby enables you to refer back to them in conversations. You can start conversations by opening new discussions, called threads.

Chat Services:

enables you to send and receive short text messages in real time, or almost instantly, to other users on the Internet. You can also use variations of chat (such as audio or video chat), which enable you to use your voice or video images. Some popular Internet chat services include Google+ Hangouts, Yahoo! Chat, and Apple Messages.

Satellite Internet access:

enables your computer to receive signals from satellites using a ground-based antenna. The service provider broadcasts an Internet signal from satellites placed in orbit around the Earth. These satellites remain in a fixed position over the area where they provide service. Internet users place their antennae in the direct line-of-sight of the satellite to receive network communication signals. This type of access is, by far, the most expensive method. However, it is very useful in remote areas where setting up new infrastructure can be difficult. Unlike other forms of wireless access, satellite access covers a large geographical area. It can support speeds up to as high as 1 Gbps (1,000 Mbps).

Domain Name:

indicates the type of organization that created the website. A two-letter name indicates a country, such as .us for the United States, .uk for the United Kingdom, .au for Australia, and so on. Here are some other common domain names: .com (commercial website) .org (organization, primarily nonprofits) .gov (government organization) .biz (a small business) .edu (educational institute) .net (stands for "network", commonly used by service providers) A domain name can combine two others. For example, .gov.uk represents the UK government website.

Malware:

is a general term for malicious software designed to damage your computer or steal your personal information. Malware can replicate itself, and it typically remains undetected on your computer. It may be in the form of code, links, or programs. Different types of malware act as viruses, worms, or Trojan horses, depending on their behavior.

The word "Internet" is a shortened form of the technical term "Internetwork", which:

is a network of computers connected virtually around the world. It began as a network named Advanced Research Project Agency Network (ARPANET), developed by the US Department of Defense. In the 1970s, universities and other educational institutions started to use this network as well. The network grew as more users began to share information. However, the information shared on this network was limited because of its government ties.

E-governance:

is a term that refers to the use of information technology for the delivery of government services. It also deals with the exchange of information and transactions involved in governance. E-governance services, like most online services, are customer-oriented and make many facilities available to the end user. E-governance also helps improve the efficiency of government-citizen relationships. E-governance provides more transparency in governmental proceedings. It gives citizens more power and holds more accountability to governing institutions. Some services include online voting, campaigning, online availability of documents and services. E-governance services save time and traveling costs and are generally quicker as there is no waiting in queues, allows faster processing, and correct information is obtainable. E-governance services also lend well (along with e-commerce) toward building a society with minimum dependence on paper.

Browser:

is an application program you can use to connect to the Internet and to view and navigate through web pages. Microsoft Internet Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, and Apple Safari are some popular browsers. Browsers identify each web page by its unique address. Typically, the web page address will appear in the address bar of the browser.

Email program:

is an application that enables you to send and receive messages over the Internet. These messages may contain text as well as multimedia elements. Emails represent a method of digital communication that is considered the online equivalent of a formal exchange of mail by post. Some of the popular email service providers include Google Gmail, Yahoo! Mail, and Microsoft Outlook.com.

Antivirus program:

is an application that protects your computer from malware or virus attacks on a network. Antivirus software also prevents malware from copying itself or installing on a computer system. These programs can also disable installed malware by confining or removing it.

Internet etiquette:

is commonly referred to as "netiquette". It refers to the rules of etiquette that you follow while communicating on the Internet. When you communicate with someone on the Internet, they cannot see your body language or hear your tone of voice. You have to completely rely on the written words to appropriately convey what you feel. Because of this, there are certain civilities and courtesies that need to be followed and maintained while communicating online. This is true for any form of online communication including email, social media, discussion forums, chats, and so on.

Home Page:

is the opening page of a website. It contains links that take you to other web pages within the website. Every website typically includes an attractive home page that introduces its basic objective.

Internet service provider (ISP):

offers a dedicated service that enables your device to connect to the Internet. You will need to subscribe to an ISP's service for access. The service availability and speed will depend on your geographical location.

Web Address:

refers to a unique address that pinpoints the location of a web page on the Internet. A browser uses a web address to locate a website or a web page.

Mobile Internet access:

refers to any Internet access that uses mobile technology. These devices contain modems that connect to the Internet through a mobile carrier signal. Cell phones and tablets use this method of access. Laptops and other computing devices need a USB modem called a dongle or data card for this form of access. Current mobile access is called fourth generation (4G). It supports high speeds, with an average speed of 100 Mbps, and it can reach up to 1 Gbps.

E-commerce:

refers to trading of products and services online. With the wide spread of the Internet across the world, more and more companies are beginning to make their presence online. Before the Internet, businesses and consumers were constrained by their location. Now, businesses can sell their products to any person, regardless of location. E-commerce is a blanket term used to describe any online action that involves some financial transaction. This can involve shopping, trading, banking, and so on. E-commerce, as an Internet service, began in 1979, when Michael Aldrich demonstrated the first system for online shopping. Since then, businesses were quick to adopt this model for delivery of services. Some of the advantages of E-commerce include: -It allows businesses and customers to connect anywhere around the world. -It offers a lower cost of set up and maintenance. This enables businesses to make larger profits while offering products at a lower cost. -It offers anywhere, anytime services from a laptop, tablet, or mobile device.

In 1990:

the Internet became open to the public and many companies started to use the Internet for business and personal communications. Many small associated networks developed in the years after the Internet went public. Eventually, these networks merged together and the Internet evolved as a global virtual network.

Service providers may offer:

the required hardware already installed. Ex. laptops and smartphones include wireless connectivity devices that enable them to connect to a wireless network instantly.

Unlike home systems, where only one or a few computers connect to the Internet, businesses and institutions:

typically have a network of computers that connect to the Internet. In such cases, it is not economical to connect each individual computer system to the Internet. Organizations typically connect all the computers together in a network (for example, a LAN network). In turn, this network connects to a server called a proxy server. The proxy server connects to the Internet. Systems that use a proxy server can use centralized measures to control Internet access and traffic over a network. The proxy server generally contains rules that can allow or disallow certain websites or content. They also include firewalls and antivirus software to protect the network from malicious attacks. These protected networks are useful in businesses or institutions. They cut down on the number of connections required while also enabling control and security of network traffic.

Cable Internet access:

uses fiber coaxial cables to connect your computer or network to the Internet. Cables that transmit television signals provide this kind of access. This technology supports speeds ranging from 250 Mbps (residential connections) to 400 Mbps (business connections).