The neck - Penny chapter 12

A thryoid isthmus that measures greater than ___ is indicative of thyroid enlargment.

10 mm

A normal lymph node will not measure greater than:

10mm

Normally, how many parathyroid glands are found within the adult neck?

4

Which of the following best describes the normal appearance of a cervical lymph node?

A hypoechoic, oblong structure with a distinct echogenic hilum

All of the following are diagnostic findings of benign thyroid nodules:

Anechoic mass, Eggshell calcification, Hyperechoic mass Except: Cold nodule

A cystic mass noted at the mandibular angle is most likely a:

Brachial cleft cyst

Parathyroid glands control the release and absorption of which nutrient?

Calcium

Which of the following would more likely be a malignant thyroid nodule?

Cold nodule

The fluid produced by the thyroid gland that contains thyroid hormones is referred to as:

Colloid

What type of gland is the thyroid gland?

Endocrine

What structure may be confused for a thyroid or parathyroid mass because of its relationship to the trachea and the posterior aspect of the left thyroid gland?

Esophagus

A 30 y.o. patient presents to the US department for a thyroid US with a hx of weight loss, hair loss, and hyperthyroidism. You note that the patient has bulging eyes. What is the most likely dx?

Graves disease

What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?

Graves disease

What is the most common cause of hypothyroidism?

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Which abnormality is associated with the sonographic findings of a thyroid inferno?

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Which vascular structure is located closest to the thyroid lobes?

Internal Carotid Artery

All of the following are sono findings of malignant thyroid nodules:

Internal calcifications, cervical node involvement, Solitary mass Except: Echogenic mass

The thyroid gland utilizes which of the following to produce its hormones?

Iodine

Which muslces are located posterior to each thyroid lobe?

Longus Colli

Which of the following is the most common form of thyroid cancer?

Papillary

Hypercalcemia is associated with which of the following?

Parathyroid adenoma

The superior extension of the thyroid isthmus is referred to as the:

Pyramidal lobe

All of the following are sono findings of an abnormal lymph node:

Rounded shape, calcifications, enlargement Except: Echogenic hilum

Which muscles are located anterior to the thyroid gland?

Strap

What is the first branch of the external carotid artery?

Superior thyroid artery

Benign congenital cysts located superior to the thyroid gland near the hyoid bone are referred to as:

Thyroglossal duct cysts

Which of the following is the hormone that is the most abundantly produced by the thyroid?

Thyroxine

All of the following are hormones produced by the thyroid:

Thyroxine, Triiodothyronine, Calcitonin Except: Iodine

In the presence of Hashimoto thyroiditis, the thyroid produces:

Too few thyroid hormones

Which muscles are located lateral to each thyroid lobe?

sternocleidomastoid