The Presidency

Pardon- what does a presidential pardon mean? (435)

Full forgiveness for a crime.

Veto- how can congress counteract the presidents veto power? (438)

2/3 vote in each chamber will counter a presidential veto

impeachment- is impeachment an effective check on executive power? (440)

By definition yes, it determines an act done by the president as unconstitutional and can lead to their removal from office

executive order- Give an example of when the president used an executive order to exercise his independent authority? (443)

Dwight D Eisenhower used a string of executive orders to ensure the school integration orders in Little Rock, Arkansas following Brown v. Board of Education

Presidential directive- what are the forms presidential directive can take? (442)

Executive orders, proclamations, or military orders

executive privilege- what is the basis for executive privilege? (441)

Executive privilege is the presidents right to engage in confidential communication with his advisers. It's justification is under the basis of difficult choices and the fullest information is necessary and can sometimes can only be divulged in privacy.

head of state- How does the president function as head of state? (447)

He is the figure head and representative when dealing with foreign powers

Signing statements- how has the use of signing statements increase the power of the presidency? (444)

It allows the president to issue his interpretation of the law when the bill is signed.

Omnibus bill- why are omnibus bill harder to veto? (438)

It's a very large bill that encompasses many separate bills. And, the president cannot veto certain parts of the bill. (Determined during Bill Clinton's line item veto)

Pocket veto- how is pocket veto different from a regular veto? (438)

It's an automatic veto that occurs when Congress goes out of session within ten days of submitting the bill to the president and he he president has not signed it

entitlement programs- should entitlements be considered rights? (439)

No, the purpose of these programs is to pay out benefits to individuals based on a specified set of eligibility criteria.

State of the Union Address- how has the use of the State of the Union address evolved from its creation in the constitution? (440)

Originally the SotU was given in person, then in letters, and again in person as a way to rally support for re-election or announce new policies in planning.

chief of staff- what is the role of chief of staff? (456)

Person who coordinates and overseas instruction among the president, his personal staff, and his cabinet secretaries

bully pulpit- give examples of presidents using bully pulpit. (446)

The bully pulpit is the nickname for the power of the president to use the attention associated with the office to persuade the media Congress and the public support his policy positions. Typically this is associated with the presidents ability to hold press conferences including Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Lyndon Baines Johnson, and Ronald Reagan.

New deal- how did Roosevelt's new deal expand the role of the government in the economy (458)

The creation of state and federal jobs which offered wages to citizens. This stimulated the poor economy at the time.

Great Society- How did Johnson's Great Society expand the role of government in society? (459)

The federal government and individual citizen were more connected through the forming of social welfare programs

War powers act- how did the events of the Vietnam war lead to the passage of the war Powers act? (449)

The gulf of Tonkin resolution gave the president power to send troops into conflict, realizing this gave the president total power in terms of war they then passed the war powers act. This ensured that a conflict could only last for 90 days, then an extension or declaration of war would be necessary.

imperial presidency- what defines an imperial presidency? (433)

The power of the president to speak for the nation on the world stage and set the policy agenda at home

lame duck- why are legislators lee likely to cooperate with a lame-duck president? (430)

Their presidency is about to end, thus cooperation isn't necessary and new policy issues will arise with the election of a new president.