The Reformation

the church that was created by Parliament and Elizabeth I to return England to Protestantism

Anglican

a meeting of Catholic bishops and cardinals where they agreed on several Catholic doctrines

Council of Trent

members of the society of Jesus who focused on creating schools, converting non-christians to Catholic, and stopping the spread of Protestantism

Jesuits

Christians who were members of non-catholic churches were considered

heretic

a theory that god has known since the beginning of time who will be saved

predestination

What began the Reformation?

Luther's 95 theses

person who holds beliefs that different from official Church teachings

Lutheran

people who believed that a person must be able to decide to be Christian before they can be baptized

anabaptists

What did Henry VIII ask the pope to do to his marriage so that he take a younger wife?

annul

What was Calvin's idea of the "elect" and their place in society?

Calvin wrote that men and women are sinful by nature. Taking Luther's idea that humans earn reach salvation, Calvin went on to say that God chooses a very few people to save. Calvin called these few the "elect." He believed that God has known since the beginning of time who will be saved.

a religion based on the teachings of John Calvin

Calvinism

a movement within the Catholic church to reform itself and help Catholics remain loyal

Catholic Reformation

What role did noblewomen play in the Reformation?

Many women played prominent roles in the Reformation, especially during the early years. For example, the sister of King Francis I, Marguerite of Navarre, protected John Calvin from being executed for his beliefs while he lived in France. Other noblewomen also protected reformers. The wives of some reformers, too, had influence.

What was the religious settlement called that declared that each ruler would decide the religion of their state?

Peace of Augsburg

followers of John Knox who believed that each community church should be governed by a group of presbyters

Presbyters

the group that Luther sand his followers became

Protestant

From where did the term Protestantism originate?

Protestantism is a branch of Christianity. It developed out of the Reformation. There were three distinct branches of Protestantism that emerged at first. They were Lutheranism (Martin Luther -- Germany), Calvinism (John Calvin -- Switzerland), and Anglicanism (King Henry VIII -- England). It spread throughout Europe and then later the whole world. As there were differences in beliefs that developed, new denominations were formed.

What impact did Henry VIII's actions have on England in the second half of the 1500s?

Since Henry tired so hard to have a son with multiple different wives, he went against his religious values to do so and changed England in a way. He made people turn against the pope, so that Henry could be in charge of the churches, allowing him to get a divorce and find a woman who was young, so he could have a son. After Henry died, all three of his children each had a turn of becoming ruler of England. Things didn't go as smooth as Henry has hoped though.

What political, economic, and social factors helped bring about the Reformation?

The social factors that helped bring about the reformation were; 1. The renaissance values of Humanism and secularism led people to question the church. 2. The printing press helped to spread ideas critical of the Church. The political factors that helped bring about the reformation were; 1. Powerful monarchs challenged the Church as the supreme power in Europe. 2. Many leaders viewed the pope as a foreign ruler and challenged his authority. The Economic factors that helped bring about the reformation were; 1. European princes and kings were jealous of the Church's wealth. 2. Merchants and other resented having to pay taxes to the Church.

What were the goals of the Jesuits?

They focused on three activities. First, they founded schools throughout Europe. Jesuit teachers were well-trained in both classical studies and theology. The Jesuits' second mission was to convert non-Christians to Catholicism. So they sent out missionaries around the world

also known as a pardon; released a sinner from the penalty that a priest imposed for sins

indulgence

a government that is controlled by religious leaders

theocracy