The Reformation in Europe

in the year ____ the pope called the ____ which defined catholic doctrine.

1545 ; council of trent

the _________ of 1534 declared that king _____ was "the only supreme head on earth of the new church of England" .

Act of Supremacy ; Henry Will

Predestination

Calvinist belief that God long ago determined who would gain salvation

who was Martin Luther and what idea of his became the chief reaching of the Protestant Reformation?

He was a catholic monk and professor, and he believed that people are saved through their faith in God alone

two new religious orders included: the _____ and the ____ who took vows of complete poverty.

Jesuits ; carmelites

what was the first protestant faith?

Lutheranism

in an effort to restore _____ to England, Queen Mary I had almost 300 ______ burned as heretics.

Rome Catholicism ; protestants

ghettos

Sections of towns and cities in which Jews were forced to live.

The Swiss priest Ulrich Zwingli introduced Protestant reforms in the city of ______ and wanted an alliance with _____.

Zurich ; Martin Luther

indulgence

a pardon releasing a person from punishments due for a sin

salvation

acceptance into heaven,; faith and good works

Some features of society were not changed; ____________, or discrimination against Jews, continued.

anti-semitism

Lutheranism

became a revolution in the early 16th century through the support of many German rulers

annul

declare invalid

who was best known for christian humanism, and what did he believe?

desiderius Erasmus, and he believed that Christianity should show people how to live good lives

Anabaptists, who considered all believers to be _________, called for the complete _______ of church and state.

equal ; separation

Justification

faith in God alone, and inner piety obtained through reading the bible and other fundamental works of Christianity

why did Charles V oppose the reformation?

he wanted to keep the empire united and under the control of his Hapsburg dynasty, he felt the reformation would disrupt the political and social order

Why was Luther made an outlaw within the holy roman empire?

he wanted to overthrow the papacy; he attacked the churches system of sacraments and promoted salvation through faith alone

Who offered opposition to the rule of Charles V?

his man rival Francis I ( king of France ) . he faced opposition from the Lutheran princes in Germany and often the ottoman turks

protestant teachers used ______ methods, and martin Luther believed that the ____ should pay for education.

humanist ; state

women's duties in marriage included bearing children and being obedient to their _____.

husband

where and when did Martin Luther issue his ninety-five theses?

in Whittenberg, Germany on October 31, 1517 . he nailed the to the door of the church

Christian Humanism

major goal was the reform of the Catholic Church, they believed in the ability of humans to reason and improve themselves

why did christian humanists call for reform in the church?

many people thought that church officials were interested mainly in wealth, popes and other spiritual leaders did not seem interested in spiritual duties

John Calvin emphasized the idea of _____ which gave later Calvinists the belief that they were doing God's work on earth.

predestination

Anabaptists

rebaptizers

how and when did the end to religious warfare in Germany come, and what did this mean for Christianity?

the peace of Augsburg in 1555, the treaty recognized the division of religion in Germany