The Rock Cycle and Earth's Layers

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How are sedimentary rocks formed?

Layers of sediment are cemented and compacted together over time

What is pressure?

a variable that affects the state of matter of Earth's layers

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

heat and pressure

What is the chemical composition of the crust?

oxygen and silicon

What physical property is important to the asthenosphere?

plasticity

What are the pieces of the lithosphere called?

plates

What state of matter is the inner core?

solid

What state of matter is the mantle?

solid

What is the inner core made of?

solid iron and nickel

What is the rock cycle?

Earth's rocks change from one type into another

What kind of rock is shown in this picture?

Igneous Rock

What kind of rock is shown in this picture?

Metamorphic Rock

What is magma?

Molten rock beneath the earth's surface

Deposition

Process in which sediment is laid down in new locations.

What kind of rock is shown in the picture?

Sedimentary Rock

What are physical properties?

characteristics that can be observed or measured without changing the substance

What are the Earth's layers determined by?

chemical composition or state of matter

What is the mantle made of?

dense silicates

Processes by which rock, sand, and soil are broken down and carried away (i.e. weathering, glaciation)

erosion

What is plasticity?

existing in a solid state, yet able to flow

What parts of the Earth does the crust cover?

land and ocean

What state of matter is the outer core?

liquid

What is the outer core made of?

liquid nickel and iron

What is the cool, rigid, outer layer of Earth?

lithosphere

What is the thickest layer of the Earth?

mantle

What is lava?

molten rock on Earth's surface

What does litho- mean?

rock, stone

Cementation

sediment and water mix together to form rock

Compaction

sediments are pressed together under their own weight

What is density?

the amount of matter in a given space or volume

What is chemical composition?

the elements that make up a substance

What is the crust?

the outermost layer of the earth

What is the asthenosphere?

the upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere

What does astheno- mean?

weak

The breaking down of rocks and other materials on the Earth's surface.

weathering

How is igneous rock formed?

when lava or magma cools and solidifies


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