The War Fronts
Why did Germany plan to take France first and Russia second
- Believed France was weaker because of Franco-Prussian war. - Believed Russia was stronger and would run to the aid of Serbia first
Combatants of the Western Front
- Britain - Germany - France - USA (eventually)
WWI in Middle east
- Britain hired Lawrence in order to get Sheiks to rebel against Ottoman Empire
Lawrence of Arabia
- British man who adapted Arabic ways / culture - became intelligence officer for Britain - believed in independence for nationalist groups in the middle east (sheiks)
Outcome of Tannenberg and Masurian Lakes
- Germany defeated Russia and even gained parts and pieces.
Tannenberg and Masurian Lakes
- Germany was forced to take troops from west to east
What were the details of the Sclieffen plan
- Germany would move west to defeat France quickly and then move into eat to fight against Russia.
Which two leaders of the German army defeated Russian army in Tannenberg and Masurian Lakes
- Hindenburg - Ludendroff
WWI in Asia
- Japan joined allies and overtook German controlled land in Asia, especially China - also took over lands in Pacific - wanted to keep overtaken land.
Battle of the Somme
- North France - British offensive - over 1 million casualties - one of the bloodiest battles ever recorded
Battle of Champagne
- North France - Massive German and French offensive - over half a million offensive
Battle of Verdun
- Northeast France - Trench warfare - stalemate - Massive German offensive - "no one who started it finished it"
Who won battle of Dardanelles
- Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria
Why did Winston Churchill believe attacking in the Dardanelles would be good
- Ottoman Empire was weak - Bulgaria was fairly new and not very capable
Who were the combatants on the eastern front
- Russia - Serbia - Ottoman Empire - Bulgaria - Austria- Hungary - Germany
What problem did Germany initially face on the Western plan and what helped destroy Sclieffen plan
- Russia mobilized quickly - Russia advanced into Germany and Austria- Hungary quickly
"Treaty of London"
- Secret Treaty between Britain and Italy
How was the battle of the Dardanelles an international battle
- Soldiers from Australia and New Zealand fought for Britain - French effort as well
How was the Schlieffen plan destroyed
- The first battle of the Marne
What was the taking of Belgium referred to in propaganda
- The rape of Belgium
What did Britain promise Italy if Italy helped over take Austria - Hungary
- They would get Trieste and Tyrol back
What was the Schlieffen Plan
Two front war plan implemented by Germany.
Stalemate
lasted for 4 years
What was the Italian involvement
"Treaty of London" caused trench warfare stalemate between Austria- Hungary and Italy
Battle of Ypres
- "The race to the sea" - Germany wanted port since allies would soon implement a blockade if war continued - Germany was stopped by Britain
What was purpose of the fight of the Dardanelles
- Allies (primarily British) wanted to help Russia
How was Austria dealing on Eastern Front
- Austria was fighting on 3 fronts - being destroyed - Russians advanced into Northeast, this forced Austria to ask for German help - Italian involvement
How was the taking of Belgium significant to Britain
- Belgium was neutral and was promised by Britain aid if ever interrupted.
How did the Schieffen plan appear to be working at first
- Belgium was taken in 2 weeks
Why did Austrian army struggle
- army was composed of many different ethnic groups - lack of unity
WWI in Africa
- colonials had to fight or work in factories
How did Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria win the Dardanelles
- had high ground - fought for a year and won - had lots of natural obstacles such as hills and cliffs
First battle of the Marne
- hopes for a quick victory was destroyed in September 1914 when France proved difficult to defeat
Why was the battle between Austria - Hungary and Italy stalemated
- it was in the Alps mountains - both tried to get high ground
Did Britain fulfill its promise to Lawrence and middle east
- no - Lawrence was upset when he found out Britain wasn't helping
What were the Dardanelles
- strait that connected Black sea to Mediterranean sea - was controlled by the Ottoman Empire
Trench warfare
- trenches were dug - fought from inside trenches - land between own land and and enemy land was called "no man's land" - rain would cause trenches to become muddy and overflown
Why did Falkenhayn order the trenches to be dug
- wanted to hold on to what lands Germany had
What was Serbia's fate
- were defeated and knocked out of war by Germany by 1915
Puck Boards
- wooden boards built in order to keep trenches dry after rain
What did Britain promise middle east
- would help them gain independence after WWI
Ypres
A port city in Belgium
Where was Eastern Front
Baltic sea to Black sea
Trenches extended from where to where
English channel to Switzerland
Who ordered the first trench to be dug
Erich Von Falkenhayn
Who led France in the first battle of the Marne
Joseph Jofree
What was created in order to make sure trenches were filled with water and not muddy
Puck Boards
Why were Puck Boards important
Rain and Mud often caused coldness and many soldiers had to get parts and pieces amputated.
Where was the Western Front
Southern Belgium, Northern France
What did Bulgaria and Ottoman Empire fight in (mostly)
The battles of the Dardanelles
Whose idea was the battles of the Dardanelles
Winston Churchill