The War of 1812
Examine Napoleon's reaction to the Orders in Council
- Threatened to seize all foreign ships that cooperated with British Royal Navy
Describe President Madison's plan and its result
- Adopted a plan that called for a three-pronged attack on Montreal, Niagara frontier, and the Detroit frontier - Campaign ended in failure
Describe Battle of New Orleans
- British assembled troops to strike New Orleans - General Andrew Jackson arrived and planned a counterattack - January 8, 1815 - U.S troops were victorious
Summarize events of August 24, 1814
- British forces struck Washington - Captured city within a day
State what led Congressmen, such as Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, to declare war on Britain
- British had supplied Tecumseh's forces in weapons - Nicknamed War Hawks
Summarize the events of the summer of 1807
- Captain of the British ship HMS Leopard demanded the right to board the USS Chesapeake - Chesapeake's captain refused permission, British opened fire, killing three U.S sailors and wounding 18 others - British seized 4 sailors as deserters, three of whom were native-born Americans
List what the Embargo Act led to
- Drop in value of U.S exports - American farmers and merchants suffered
Identify what ended the British campaign in the Chesapeake
- Failed attack on Baltimore
Examine the U.S war strategy
- Focused on conquest of Canada
Describe the Orders In Council passed by Great Britain in 1807
- Forbade neutral vessels from trading with France or entering ports under French control
Result of Battle of the Thames
- General Harrison defeated the British and their American Indian allies in Canada - British hold on the Northwest Territory was finally broken
Identify what convinced many Americans to have a powerful navy?
- Harassment by the pirates of the Barbary States - Napoleon's wars in Europe spilled over into Atlantic Ocean
Explain why the Embargo Act was repealed
- It had little effect on Britain and France
State who was anti-war
- Many people from Middle Atlantic and Northeast fearing British blockage of their coasts
Explain how the war divided the nation
- New England Federalists had bitterly opposed war so much that they met and suggested negotiating a separate peace with Britain - Majority at the Hartford Convention voted against secession, suggesting instead that the Federalists push for a constitutional amendment to limit the powers of Congress and the southern states
Describe the Non-Intercourse Act
- Prohibited U.S. trade with Britain and France
Identify what Britain did to reduce tension and why it didn't help
- Repealed Orders in Council 1812 - The U.S didn't receive such notice until after President Madison asked for a declaration of war
Examine Tecumseh and his role
- Shawnee leader - Convinced that American Indians; best hope for survival rested in a military alliance among the Indian nations - Rallied Indian antions east of Mississippi River - Urged American Indians not to sell land to settlers
Describe Treaty of Ghent
- Signed by U.S. and British representatives in Belgium on December 24, 1814 - Officially ended the war and restored all conquered territory - Failed to solve problems of impressment and trade embargoes
State who was pro-war
- Southerners and westerners, suffering from an agricultural depression and American Indians troubles that they blamed on Britain
Describe the Embargo Act of 1807 that Jefferson wanted to pass
- Stopped shipments of food and other American products to all foreign ports
Explain how the war was a turning point for the U.S
- Strengthened the U.S. control over the Northwest Territory through the defeat of American Indians and the removal of their British allies - Resulted in peace between the U.S and Britain
Describe the Battle of Tippecanoe
- Tecumseh was in the South seeking support from Cherokee, Choctaw, and Creek fall of 1811 - General William Henry Harrison and troops attacked them along Tippecanoe River - November 7, Indians attacked army camp - Ended in defeat for Indians
Examine the British plan after ending war against France
- To invade U.S from north through Canada and from south through New orleans - Would continue to raid points along Atlantic coast to disrupt American commerce
List some of the U.S Navy's successes
- USS Constitution destroyed several British ships - American privateers disrupted British commerce by raiding British ships - Captain Oliver Hazard Perry won control of Lake Erie
List what events led to tensions between settlers and American Indians
- Westward expansion