theories of motivation 100%

All of the following are examples of physiological motives or drives except ___________. A. hunger B. acceptance C. sleep D. thirst

b

All of the following describe an individual who has a high need for achievement except ___________. A. generally being future-oriented B. often delaying gratification in pursuit of goals C. generally handling negative feedback poorly D. often pursuing competitive entrepreneurial careers

c

A drive can be said to pull a person toward a behavior.

false

Studying to make a good grade on an exam is an example of internal motivation. t/f?

false

A drive is a(n) __________ stimulus that motivates behavior, whereas an incentive is a(n) __________ stimulus that motivates behavior. tension-provoking . . . tension-relieving external . . . internal tension-relieving . . . tension-provoking internal . . . external

internal . . . external

Using Maslow's hierarchy of needs as a model, explain how a physical need could be considered more important than a higher-level need.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information:

Which of the following motivational theories represents the claim that individuals are motivated by the expected outcomes of situations? A. expectancy theory B. incentive theory C. intrinsic motivation D. Maslow's hierarchy

a

Which of the following theorists claimed physiological, social, and psychological needs motivated people toward certain behaviors? Please select the best answer from the choices provided John Atkinson David McClelland Abraham Maslow Clark Hull

Abraham Maslow

Describe which three factors motivational researcher John Atkinson claimed influenced one's need for achievement. Briefly explain what each factor involves.

John Atkinson claimed that one's strength of motivation to succeed, incentive value of success, and perceived probability of success influenced one's need for achievement. For example, if desire to succeed is high, then individuals are more likely to pursue a challenge or goal. If an individual believes the probability of success is high, one is also more likely to pursue a goal or challenge. Finally, if one believes that the goal is valuable in some way or is important to an individual, pursuit of a goal will increase as well.

A drive-reduction theorist was taking a walk when he came across a hiker resting against the base of a tree. How would the theorist explain the hiker's nap? Use terms from this course.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Drive-reduction theory suggests that we have a need (like the need for sleep) that activates a drive (need for sleep shows up as exhaustion or tiredness), which propels us to relieve the drive by acting in a particular way (which would be getting rest or sleeping).

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Edith tends to want to do something only if there a tangible reward that results. She will not play sports unless she feels that she has a chance at being the best. Once she has earned the B she wants in school, she in uninterested in completing more work for her class. What best explains the type of motivation that Edith is demonstrating? Why?

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Edith is extrinsically motivated. We know that this is the type of motivation that works for her since she won't do anything without a reward. For example, she won't study in school because she wants to learn—she only wants to earn a grade.

Compare and contrast the drive-reduction theory and the incentive theory of motivation.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Both theories attempt to explain what motivates personal behavior in people. The drive-reduction theory of motivation explains how internal states of tension motivate individuals to act. It also describes the source of motivation as being within the organism, such as the way that hunger or exhaustion lies within us. However, the incentive theory of motivation explains how external things motivate individuals to act, and it describes the source of motivation as being outside of the organism, such as the way that rewards or punishments are external.

What is the difference between extrinsic motivation and intrinsic motivation?

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Intrinsic motivation has to do with motivation that comes from an internal desire, such as self-satisfaction or joy. Someone who plays football because they love the game is intrinsically motivated. Extrinsic motivation has to do with motivation that comes from an incentive outside of the individual, such as a reward or punishment. People who drive the speed limit because they don't want to get a ticket are extrinsically motivated. Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: Intrinsic motivation has to do with motivation that comes from an internal desire such as self-satisfaction or joy. An example is someone who plays football because they love the game. Extrinsic motivation has to do with motivation that from an incentive outside of the individual such as a reward or punishment. An example is someone driving the speed limit because they don't want to get a ticket.

Which of the following statements concerning self-actualization needs is accurate? Self-actualization needs must be partially fulfilled before an individual focuses on esteem needs. The majority of individuals achieve self-actualization after several years of striving to accomplish goals. Self-actualization involves seeking ways to enhance or attain personal growth. Maslow claimed that people who did not strive to attain self-actualization would not accomplish personal goals.

Self-actualization involves seeking ways to enhance or attain personal growth.

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Brian longs to play with the other children in his class, but they don't seem to want to play with him. He spends most recesses playing alone in the sandbox, wishing a classmate would join him. Based on this information, Abraham Maslow would claim that Brian is likely preoccupied with his need for __________. A. self-actualization B. belongingness C. safety D. esteem

b

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Ginny lives in an unsafe neighborhood and walks to school with the threat of being approached by drug dealers. She becomes more frightened every day and wishes to find a different route to school. Based on this information, Abraham Maslow would claim that Ginny is likely to be preoccupied with her need for __________. A. self-actualization B. belongingness C. safety D. esteem

c

Some students work hard in school in order to get high grades. Based on this information, these students are motivated by ___________. A. homeostasis B. drives C. incentives D. instincts

c

Victor Vroom claimed that one's level of motivation toward action is based on all of the following factors except __________. A. expectancy B. instrumentality C. internal needs D. valence

c

Drive-reduction theory best describes the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state, which motivates the organism to satisfy the need. t/f?

true

Someone can be both intrinsically and extrinsically motivated to do the same activity.

true