Things I Don't Know: Exam V (Chapter 13 & 17 Homework)
Calcitonin is secreted by which cells?
C cells (parafollicular cells) in the thyroid gland
Thyroxine is released from the thyroid gland in response to the presence of _____.
TSH
How are hormones related to the interaction of the nervous system and muscular system?
The nervous system can control muscle movement by controlling the release of hormones.
How do releasing hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland?
They are released near blood vessels (a capillary bed) in the hypothalamus, travel a short distance, and diffuse out around the cells of the anterior pituitary.
Steroid hormones exert their effect using _____.
a receptor-hormone complex
The anterior pituitary gland produces _____.
adrenocorticotropic hormone prolactin thyroid stimulating hormone follicle-stimulating hormone luteinizing hormone
The thymus produces two peptides that function to _____.
aid in the maturation of T lymphocytes
FSH is produced in the _____ and stimulates both sperm production and egg development.
anterior pituitary
LH is produced in the _____ and stimulates both testosterone production and ovulation
anterior pituitary
What hormone causes the loss of sodium and water, thus lowering blood pressure?
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
The zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex produces what steroid hormone?
cortisol
Hyposecretion of ADH results in _____.
diabetes insipidus
The sympathetic nervous system directly stimulates which amine hormones?
epinephrine from the adrenal medulla
Nonsteroid hormones usually are _____ acting than steroid hormones.
faster
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) triggers the release of _____ in response to stress.
glucocorticoids
FSH is a hormone important to the proper functioning of the ovaries and testes. This hormone will not be released from the anterior pituitary until _____ is released from the hypothalamus.
gonadotropin releasing hormone
The structure that controls hormone release by both the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary is the _____.
hypothalamus
Prostaglandins are important for _____.
local control of blood flow and blood clotting
From which part of the pituitary are the hypothalamic hormones (antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin) released?
posterior pituitary
The hypothalamus secretes _____.
releasing hormones
Aldosterone promotes_____.
sodium uptake and potassium excretion
When the binding of a hormone to a membrane receptor (the "first messenger") activates another molecule within the cell (often cyclic AMP), _____.
that activated molecule is the second messenger
Where is thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) synthesized?
the anterior pituitary gland
During times of stress, _____ releases CRH to stimulate the anterior pituitary to release ACTH.
the hypothalamus
Which two endocrine glands exert the most control over blood calcium levels?
thyroid and parathyroid
In _____ diabetes, insulin resistance is present.
type 2
In _____ diabetes, no insulin is produced.
type 1
