TOM Chapter 3

The human brain contains about _____ neurons.

100 billion

________ act as chemical messengers within the brain's central nervous system;________ act as chemical messengers within the body's endocrine system.

Neurotransmitters; hormones

is associated with high competition, status-seeking, and sexual motivation.It is most strongly related to status-seeking behavior after social status has bene questioned or threatened.

Testosterone

The ____ specifically regulates the emotions involved in self-preservation, such as anger, anxiety, and fear.

amygdala

The _____ monitors motivational conflicts. It resolves emotional and decision-making conflicts by recruiting other cortical brain structures for executive control over basic urges and emotions.

anterior cingulate cortex

If a rat had a lesioned (surgically removed) amygdala and was then placed in the same room with a cat, what would the rat's behavior likely be? The rat would likely:

appear tame, neutral, perhaps even playful.

The brain area most closely associated with the energization and inhibition of movement and motivated action is the:

basal ganglia

If a person took a personality inventory and scored high on the BAS (Behavior Activating Style) and low on the BIS (Behavior Inhibition System) scales, what sort of personality would you expect from this person?

happy but not neurotic

The ____ controls the pituitary gland, hence the body's endocrine system.

hypothalamus

The _is a small brain structure that comprises less than 1% of the total volume of the brain. Despite its small size, it is a motivational giant associated with motivations such as hunger and thirst.

hypothalamus

Which of the following brain structures is most responsive to natural rewards in the regulation of eating, drinking, and mating. It also regulates both the endocrine system and the autonomy nervous system?

hypothalamus

The _____ monitors bodily states (e.g., changes in pain, temperature, heart rate) to produce "gut-felt" feelings.

insular cortex

If you scanned a person's brain activity to find how much more chronic right-side asymmetry was in the activity of the right prefrontal cortex than in that of the left prefrontal cortex, you could expect the person's personality to be characterized as:

neurotic

Which of the following structures plays a key role in arousal, alertness, and the process of awakening the brain so to process incoming sensory information?

reticular formation

Which of the following structures is most closely associated with the subjective experience of "No, I don't want to do this."?

right prefrontal cerebral cortex

Which of the following structures is involved in generating avoidance motivation?

right prefrontal cortex

Many antidepressants work by making which of the following more readily available?

serotonin

The brain's reward center. It responds to signals of reward to produce pleasure, wanting, liking, and approach.

striatum

The _____ brain is associated with urges and impulses and with emotion-rich motivations such as hunger, thirst, anger, fear, anxiety, pleasure, desire, reward, and wanting.

subcortical

The anatomical starting point in the brain's dopamine-based reward system is the:

ventral tegmental area