Tools of the Trade: Linux and SQL

chmod

change permissions

Numeric Data

consists of numbers that can be used in arithmetic operations

CP

copy a file or directory

Ctrl + X

exits nano

Options

modify the behavior of the command

mv

move a file or directory

Cd

navigates between directories

pwd

prints the working directory onto the screen

Permissions in Linux

read, write, execute

rm

remove a file

rmdir

remove or delates directory

grep

searches a specified file and returns all lines in the file containing a specified string

Digital forensics tools in KALI LINUX

tcpdump (command packet analyzer and to capture network traffic & wireshark (graphical interface)

Basic GUI components

- Start Menu - Task Bar - desktop with Icons and shortcuts

Components of Linux

- User - Applications - Shell - Filesystem Hierarchy Standard - Kernel - Hardware

Filter for 'East%'

-East-120 -East-290 -East-435

common data types

-string -Numeric -Date and time

Type of owners

-users -group -other

echo

A Linux command that outputs a specified string of text

Primary Key

A column where every row has a unique entry

Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI)

A microchip that contains loading instructions for the computer and replaces BIOS on more modern systems

package

A piece of software that can be combined with other packages to form an application

User Interface

A program that allows the user to control the functions of the operating system

SQL (Structured Query Language)

A programming language used to create, interact with, and request information from a database

log

A record of events that occur within an organization's systems

penetration test

A simulated attack that helps identify vulnerabilities in systems, networks, websites, applications, and processes

Bootloader

A software program that boots the operating system

relational database

A structured database containing tables that are related to each other

operator

A symbol or keyword that represents an operation

Command Line Interface (CLI)

A text-based user interface that uses commands to interact with the computer

Package Manager

A tool that helps users install, manage, and remove packages or applications

Graphical User Interface (GUI)

A user interface that uses icons on the screen to manage different tasks on the computer

Root user (or superuser)

A user with elevated privileges to modify the system

virtual machine (VM)

A virtual version of a physical computer

Databases

Accessed by multiple people simultaneously, Store massive amounts of data & perform complex tasks while accessing data

command

An instruction telling the computer to do something

Legacy operating system

An operating system that is outdated but still being used

BETWEEN

An operator that filters for numbers or dates within a range

Database

An organized collection of information or data

peripheral device

Are hardware components that are attached and controlled by the computer system

shell (To communicate with a system)

Command line interpreter

mkdir

Creates a new directory

touch

Creates a new file

String Data

Data consisting of an ordered sequence of characters

Date and Time Data

Data representing a date and/or time

userdel

Delete a user account

Spreadsheets

Designed for a single user or small team & store less data

what is

Displays a description of a command on a single line

Is-a

Displays hidden files

man

Displays information on other commands and how they work

head

Displays just the beginning of a file, by default 10 lines

Is-l

Displays permissions to files and directories

Is-la

Displays permissions to files and directories, including hidden files.

cat

Displays the content of a file

LS

Displays the names of files and directories in the current working directory

standard error

Error messages returned by the OS through the shell

WHERE

Indicates the condition for a filter

Select

Indicates which columns to return

from

Indicates which table to query

standard input

Information received by the OS via the command line

standard output

Information returned by the OS through the shell

Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)

Is a microchip that contains loading instructions for the computer and is prevalent in older systems.

Ubuntu

Is an open-source, user-friendly distribution that is widely used in security and other industries

Principle of Least Privilege

Is the concept of granting only the minimal access and authorization required to complete a task of function

types of outer joins

LEFT OUTER JOIN RIGHT OUTER JOIN FULL OUTER JOIN

Penetration testing tools in KALI LINUX

Metasploit, Burp suite (web applications), & John the Ripper

NOT

Negates a con

Parent distribution

Red hat Enterprise Linux (CentOS), Slackware (SUSE), & Debian (Ubuntu and KALI LI NUX)

INNER JOIN

Returned rows matching on a specified column that exists in more than one table

apropos

Searches the manual page descriptions for a specified string

Problems with logging in as a root

Security risks, Irresitible mistakes & Accountability

Filtering

Selecting data that match a certain condition

I (piping)

Sends the standard output of one command standard input to another command for further processing

Argument (Linux)

Specific information needed by a command

AND

Specifies that both conditions must be met simultaneously

OR

Specifies that either condition can be met

Sudo

Temporarily grants elevated permissions to specific users

shell

The command-line interpreter

kernel

The component of the Linux OS that manages processes and memory

Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS)

The component of the Linux OS that organizes data

Internal hardware

The components required to run the computer

Authroization

The concept of granting access to specific resources in a system

bash

The default shell in most Linux distributions

Distribution

The different versions of Linux

root directory

The highest-level directory in Linux

Operating System (OS)

The interface between computer hardware and the user

user

The person interacting with a computer

Hardware

The physical components of a computer.

Digital Forensics

The practice of collecting and analyzing data to determine what has happened after an attack

Syntax

The rules that determine what is correctly structured in a computing language

permission

The type of access granted for a file or directory

Ctrl + O

To save a file in nano

LIKE

Used with WHERE to search for a pattern in a column

application

a program that performs a specific function or task

application (Word processor or calculator)

a program that performs a specific function or task

query

a request for data from a database table or a combination of tables

useradd

adds a user to the system

Linux

an open-source version of the UNIX operating system