Topic Test Review

Describe two effective means of preventing the spread of malaria.

1) Ending the infection in the population by spraying surfaces and using mosquito nets 2) Eradicating mosquitoes by spraying insectide and eliminating standing water

Which of the following definitions best characterizes horticulture? A. cultivating plants using primitive tools B. culturing dairy food so it can be preserved C. using horses for transportation D. interacting with a different culture

A. cultivating plants using primitive tools

Which of the following diseases is spread by mosquitoes and most often found in tropical urban areas? A. dengue fever B. malaria C. sleeping sickness D. HIV/AIDS

A. dengue fever

One drawback of desalination is the __________ associated with the process. A. expense B. technology C. water pollution D. reverse osmosis

A. expense

Removing ground water in Mexico City is a problem because it causes __________. A. land to sink B. disputes over water C. floods to occur D. droughts to occur

A. land to sink

What happened in Mexico City in 1629? A. The city fell to Spanish invaders. B. The city was destroyed by a great flood. C. The city was destroyed by a great fire. D. The city suffered a devastating outbreak of plague.

B. The city was destroyed by a great flood.

Desalination is best described as __________. A. creating seawater from freshwater B. creating freshwater from seawater C. combining freshwater with seawater D. combining rain water with ground water

B. creating freshwater with seawater

The Faroe Islands __________. A. were conquered by Polynesians who immigrated from Tahiti B. were settled by Norse and Scandinavian peoples C. were settled by the Japanese about 1600 years ago D. were discovered by Darwin during his travels

B. were settled by Norse and Scandinavian peoples

Analyze the drawbacks of the technologies used to overcome environmental challenges in Dubai.

Both of the major technologies used to overcome environmental obstacles in Dubai require high investment of energy resources. Dubai's climate is regulated by the technologies of evaporative cooling and air conditioning. Both of these technologies rely on a significant amount of fossil fuels to produce the benefit of a more tolerable climate. Therefore, high energy costs and pollution are two drawbacks associated with these technologies. Dubai meets 90 percent of its freshwater needs through the technology of water desalination. Desalination plants also require significant energy resources to operate, creating both expense and pollution.

Compare and contrast horticultural societies with agricultural societies.

Both societies engaged in food production. Horticultural societies used only primitive tools and supported foraging, while agricultural socities used more advanced tools and developed systems of irrigation. Agriculture had more of an impact on the land than horticulture. It also dramatically increased food production and allowed members of a culture to develop more specialized skills.

Which of the following statements best describes the Khmer Empire? A. It was a nomadic empire that inhabited Mesopotamia about 3,000 years ago. B. It was an advanced civilization that developed in South America around 100 CE. C. It developed the world's largest pre-industrial city between 800 and 1431 CE . D. It was an empire of nomads who roamed the grasslands of northern Asia.

C. It developed the world's largest pre-industrial city between 800 and 1431 CE.

Nomadic herding was prevalent in which type of climate? A. mountainous regions B. tropical and subtropical forests C. drier climates with grasslands D. remote islands with limited supplies of freshwater

C. drier climates with grasslands

Which of the following is an example of shifting cultivation? A. hunting and gathering B. crop rotation C. slash-and-burn farming D. planting a vegetable garden

C. slash-and-burn farming

How much water was produced for the city of Dubai each day in 2009 using the desalination process? A. 1 million gallons B. 4 million gallons C. 40 million gallons D. 400 million gallons

D. 400 million gallons

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between horticultural and agricultural societies? A. Horticulture was carried out by more advanced civilizations. B. Horticulture destroyed the land, while agriculture preserved the land. C. Horticulture focused on growing flowers, while agriculture focused on growing vegetables. D. Horticulture used primitive tools, while agriculture used more advanced technology.

D. Horticulture used primitive tools, while agriculture used more advanced technology.

Nomadic herding was prevalent in which type of climate? A. mountainous regions B. tropical and subtropical forests C. drier climates with grasslands D. remote islands with limited supplies of freshwater A. items 1 and 2 B. items 1 and 3 C. items 1, 2, and 3 D. items 1, 2, 3, and 4

D. items 1,2,3, and 4

Describe two technologies that humans have used to overcome environmental challenges in Dubai.

Humans face two major environmental challenges in Dubai. The first is the lack of freshwater resources. The second is the warm and dry climate, which exacerbates pressure on scarce freshwater resources. Rapid population growth due to the discovery of petroleum in the 1960s has dramatically increased the demand for freshwater. Two technologies have helped humans survive in Dubai despite these significant environmental challenges. The invention of climate control technologies like evaporative cooling and air conditioning have allowed humans to survive in a climate with an average daily temperature of 90 degrees. The technology of desalination, which transforms saltwater into freshwater resources through the process of reverse osmosis (the heating and filtering of saltwater), has provided Dubai with 90 percent of its freshwater needs.

Examine three technologies that have allowed humans to survive and thrive in the Nile River Valley.

Humans have survived and thrived in the Nile River Valley by using technology to alter the Nile River to meet their needs. Humans have used flood protection technologies like levees, embankments, canals, and aqueducts to control and divert the flow of water. Flood protection has created greater access to livable land and more transportation opportunities. Humans also have used technologies like dams and reservoirs to store water resources. These technologies have allowed for water conservation and recreational uses of water while also alleviating the threat of floods. Finally, humans have used the technology of dams to produce hydroelectricity from the Nile River and meet energy demands.

Compare the housing styles of Iceland and Vietnam and explain how the environment influences these styles.

Many houses in Iceland are built into mounds of earth. This practice provides thermal insulation from severe weather and uses few wood resources, which are scarce on the island. Houses in Vietnam are open structures that are made with bamboo, which is plentiful. The warm climate requires no thermal insulation.

Explain why the members of the Pueblo culture built dwellings made of adobe.

The Pueblo lived in an area with no indigenous trees to use for construction. Instead, they packed the earth, which is rich in clay, into thick walls that provided insulation from the hot summers and cold winters.

Analyze the benefits and costs of the construction of the Aswan Dam.

The construction of the Aswan Dam in Egypt has provided many benefits, but they have come with a cost. Benefits include the creation of Lake Nasser, one of the world's largest artificial lakes; the production of hydroelectricity to supply 15 percent or more of Egyptian energy needs; and the elimination of unpredictable seasonal flooding. Costs associated with the dam include the displacement of thousands of Nile Valley residents in Egypt and Sudan; the reduction of fertile soil deposits, which has changed native plant species and required the use of more artificial fertilizers in agricultural production; and the billion-dollar price tag of the dam's construction.