Topic/Chapter 2- Foundations of Government Review
Which newspaper headline reports a British action that angered colonists and led to the writing of the Declaration of Independence? a. "boycott british goods!" b. "the king grants independence!" c. "british taxes: unfair!" d. "angry colonists dump tea!"
"British Taxes: Unfair!"
This extremely popular pamphlet titled __________ written independence by __________ pushed the colonist to declare independence from Great Britain
1. Common Sense 2. Thomas Paine
We celebrate the adoption of the Declaration on this day______________ of this month __________ of this year_______________________.
4 July 1776
What was the Townshend Revenue Acts?
A new tax placed on tea, lead, paint, paper, and glass.
What was the Constitutional Convention?
A secret meeting between the delegates to create a plan of new plan of government
What is the "social contract"?
A social contract is an implicit agreement among the members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, for example by sacrificing some individual freedom for a state protection.
Who are some famous people who have "quoted" the Declaration of Independence?
Abraham Lincoln, Susan B. Anthony, Martin Luther King Jr., and Barrack Obama.
what happened in 1770? hint: british soldiers killed abt 5 people with no purpose on whhy they killed them
Boston Massacre
what happened in 1773? hint: this event resulted the Intolerable Acts
Boston Tea Party
What was the Boston Massacre?
British troops fired on an angry crowd of Boston colonists, killing five and wounding six
what was the main purpose for "separation of powers?"
Check and Balances Legislative Executive and Judicial
What did the Intolerable Acts do?
Closed the port of Boston until the colonists paid for the tea they dumped. Did away with the local government of Massachusetts. Forced the colonists to allow English soldiers to be quartered, or housed, in their homes. As a result, their desire for freedom from England's rule was at an all time high.
This pamphlet know as _________ influenced colonist to declare their independence from Great-Britain.
Common Sense
What was the popular pamphlet written in 1775-1776 that inspired the colonist to declare their independence from Great Britain & influenced the Declaration of Independence? Who wrote it?
Common Sense, Thomas Paine
Define "despot":
Despot is an evil leader.
Following the Glorious revolution the document known as _____________ guaranteed rights such as the right to bear arms, and protection from "cruel and unusual" punishment.
English Bill of Rights
What does it mean that "all men are created equal"?
Everyone is the same.
The __________ was a gathering of delegates who got together in Philadelphia to decide what to do about the British
First Continental Congress
Describe what happened at Lexington & Concord:
First shots of the Revolutionary War
What was the Stamp Act?
First tax on British citizens; taxed citizens on all paper products
How were Montesquieu's ideas on separation of powers used at the Constitutional Convention?
For checks and balances
What is a "grievance"?
Formal complaint.
Because of this event the __________ the British were in debt and decided to start taxing the colonies
French and Indian War
What did the Declaration of Independence ultimately accomplish?
Independence from Great Britain.
What the British called the Coercive Acts the Americans called the ________ and these were a collection of acts that closed Boston Harbor, banned town meetings, and sent British officials to England for trial.
Intolerable Acts
What does the "Introduction" to the DOI do?
It announces why we were spilt from Great Britain.
What was Clause 39 of Magna Carta?
It established trial by jury
Why is it important to divide power?
It is important because the powers are meant to prevent the concentration of uncontrolled authority and ro provide for checks and balances. In which one branch of government's power are limited by the powers of another branch, in order to prevent abuses of power and avoid dictatorship.
What does it mean to "alter"?
It means to change.
What was Thomas Paine's Common Sense?
It was a popular pamphlet that declared Independence from England. It helped the public towards the cause of revolution.
Describe the Declaration of Independence?
Jefferson showed that the colonists had a right to separate from the king and have their own government. The Declaration of Independence was approved on July 4, 1776. The Declaration is still important because it says the American people believe in equal rights for all.
Name three of the five delegates who were given the job of writing the Declaration of Independence:
John Adams Benjamin Franklin Thomas Jefferson
Name three delegates to the Continental Congress who helped write the Declaration of Independence (DOI):
John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson
What Enlightenment philosopher influenced Thomas Jefferson in drafting the DOI?
John Locke
What enlightenment thinker was Thomas Jefferson influenced by? a. Thomas Jefferson b. John Locke c. George Washington d. Montesquieu
John Locke
On what day was the DOI announced and read to crowds?
July 4, 1776
Who were the "grievances" in the DOI addressed to?
King George the Third.
Who were the "Grievances" of the Declaration of Independence addressed to?
King George ||
Montesquieu said that power should be distributed into what branches?
Legislative Executive Judicial
The battles of _________ and ______ were the "first shots" of the Revolutionary War.
Lexington and Concord
John Locke said the purpose of government was to protect "life, liberty and property." What did Thomas Jefferson change this to?
Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
The DOI lists three right that everyone should have. What are they?
Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.
What did the Magna Carta do or have power of:
Limited Executive Power Protection of property Trial by Jury No taxation without representation leads to parliament
This document written in 1215 A.D. established by the __________
Magna Carta
By submitting to follow the rules established by the __________ the signers were submitting to the "rule of law."
Mayflower Compact
The ______________ established the principle of self-government in New England and also demonstrated the social contract in early-America
Mayflower Compact
I am an enlightenment Philosopher and I am known for separation of powers. My name is: a. Montesquieu b. George Washington c. Abraham Lincoln d. john Locke
Montesquieu
What was the "Glorious Revolution"?
Parliament wanted to protect rights and limit the power of the King.
What does "Consent of the Governed" mean?
People giver their permission to be ruled.
The ________ Act forced the colonist to provide housing for british soldiers
Quartering
What are "unalienable rights"?
Rights that can't be taken away or separated.
What are the four main ideas of the Mayflower Compact?
Self government Social Contract Consent of the govern Rule of Law
when people give their consent to be governed and give up certain right they are submitting to live under __________
Social Contract
This was a tax on all paper goods
Stamp Act
What was the Age of Enlightenment?
The Age of Enlightenment was when people began to think how life could be better.
What was the result on the colonists of the French & Indian War?
The British had a massive debt and to pay the debt he wanted to tax the colonist
What were the Quartering Acts?
The British sent soldiers who were to be "quartered" in housing provided by the colonists.
What document was greatly influences by the writing of John Locke?
The Declaration of Independence
The advisors to King John || who forced him to get their consent for taxation, eventually evolved into: ____________
The Glorious Revolution
what happened in 1774? hint: this happened because of the Boston Tea Party
The Intolerable Acts
What was the first Constitutional Document signed in what would be a United States established Government? What Year and Place?
The Mayflower Compact was signed on November 11, 1620 on the coast of Massachusetts.
What are "natural rights" according to John Locke?
The only purpose of government is to protect: Life, Liberty and Property
Define the meaning of the phrase "No Taxation without Representation":
They didn't have any say in the decisions Great Britain made for the colonist, the decisions were made without the colonist having a say.
What did the colonists do in response to the Stamp Act?
They protested and boycotted British goods. Since that happened parliament repealed the tax.
What were the Founding Fathers trying to create that they needed influence from the Enlightenment philosophers for?
They were trying to create governments, and creating a country and getting rid of the British.
Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? a. George Washington b. Montesquieu c. Thomas Jefferson d. John Locke
Thomas Jefferson
The ______________ Act was a tax on finished goods like glass, lead, paper, and tea.
Townshend Revenue
The Magna Carta refereed to a jury trial as:
Trial by Jury
What was the name of the John Locke book on "natural rights?"
Two Treaties of Government
According to the DOI and Jefferson, when a government starts to take away the people's rights, what do the people have a right to do?
Vote them out of office. You can alter to change, and abolish to destroy.
What four things were the Founding Fathers creating in which they were looking for inspiration:
a. Creating Governments b. Writing Constitutions c. Establishing Rights d. Creating a Country and getting rid of the British
Finish the sentence from the "Natural Rights" that begins: "We hold these truths to be self-evident"...
all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.
Use the quotation to answer the question. the fifth day of March, 1770, by soldiers of the Twenty-ninth Regiment, which with the Fourteenth Regiment were then quartered there; with some observations on the anonymous account, A Short Narrative, Horrid Massacre in Boston, 1770 Who most likely wrote this passage and for what reason? a. a Redcoat, to describe the risks faced by soldiers b. a Patriot, to raise fears about the British army in the colonies c. a Loyalist, to gain support for quartering British troops d. a Federalist, to raise concerns about the Stamp Act
b. a Patriot, to raise fears about the british army in the colonies
The Declaration of Independence lists a number of offenses committed by the British king against the American colonists. Which of the following offenses refers to a protection first established by Magna Carta? a. For cutting off our Trade with all parts of the world b. For imposing Taxes on us without our Consent c. For depriving us in many cases, of the benefits of Trial by Jury d. For transporting us beyond Seas to be tried for pretended offence
b. for imposing taxes on us without our consent
The colonist _________________ British goods in response to the Stamp Act
boycotted and protested
What is the correct sequence of events? 1. The Declaration of Independence is issued. 2. British Parliament passes Tea Act. 3. Boston Tea Party staged to protest British policies. 4. First battles of the American Revolution are fought. a. 2, 1, 3, 4 b. 4, 2, 3, 1 c. 2, 3, 4, 1 d. 1, 2, 4, 3
c. 2, 3, 4, 1
WHAT DOCUMENT IS THIS?: This pamphlet get us fired up to Declare our Independence!! a. mayflower compact b. declaration of independence c. english bill of rights d. common sense
common sense
What pamphlet denounced British rule and fanned the flames of revolution? a. magna carta b. two treaties of government c. mayflower compact d. common sense
common sense
What did the English Bill of Rights do?
consent of parliament the right to petition the monarch included the right to bear arms in defense trial by jury cruel punishment / excessive bail no standing army
Fill in the blanks: "Governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the
consent or the governed.
WHAT DOCUMENT IS THIS?: We signed this document in 1689 guaranteeing that some people had free speech, trial by jury, and protection from cruel and unusual punishment. a. magna carta b. english bill of rights c. common sense d. mayflower compact
english bill of rights
According to John Locke the purpose of government is to protect these three rights:
life liberty property
Is known for thoughts on Natural Rights, said that the purpose of government is to protect:
life liberty property (John Locke)
WHAT DOCUMENT IS THIS?: The Barons made me sign this document in 1215 in which I promised to get their consent before I taxed them. What document was this? a. common sense b. magna carta c. english bill of rights d. mayflower compact
magna carta
What document is this?: We signed this document on our boat establishing a social contract and "rule of law'': a. english bill of rights b. magna carta c. mayflower compact d. common sense
mayflower compact
To cancel or get rid of an act / law was to _____________ it.
repeal
Define the following concepts in the Mayflower Compact. Rule of Law: Social Contract/Consent of the Governed:
rule of law: "nobody is above the law" social contract/consent of the governed: the agreement between society for the better protection
What did the Mayflower Compact do?
self government social contract consent of the govern rule of law
What ideas on government is Montesquieu known for?
separation of powers
also said that people form an agreement with government in which they give the government power and agree to live by the rules known as:
social contract (John Locke)
This part of the Mayflower Compact is an example of how the colonists put which of the following into practice? a. social contract theory b. common law c. statute d. checks and balances
social contract theory
What happened at the Boston Tea Party?
sons of liberty dressed up mohawk indians they boarded 3 ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into the harbor.
A duty is another name for a ________
tax
What was Magna Carta: Parliament?
the legislative party
What happened in 1765? hint: soldiers were sent to stay in colonist house without their consent and had to do stuff for the soldiers that stayed at the house.
the quartering act
How are the Enlightenment ideas that influenced the Founding the Founding Fathers reflected in modern institutions? a. colonies have been re-established to preserve popular sovereignty. b. oligarchies have increased to safeguard natural rights c. the United Nations promotes universal human rights d. the European Union encourages economic stability
the united nations promotes
What happened at the First Continental Congress?
they wrote a letter to King George to ask for piece.
List the main ideas of the "English Bill of Rights.
▪ Consent of Parliament (taxes / laws) ▪ The right to petition the monarch (free speech) ▪ Included the right to bear arms in defense ▪ Trial by jury ▪ Cruel punishment / excessive bail ▪ No standing army
What are the Four main ideas of Magna Carta:
▪ Limited Government ▪ Rule of Law ▪ Trial by Jury ▪ No Taxation w/o Consent
Summary of the four ideas of the "English Bill of Rights.
▪ Limited Kings power ▪ Trial by jury ▪ Free Speech ▪ Influenced the U.S. Bill of Right (1791) and the U.S. Constitution 1789
