TR Models Of Practice
Ecological Model
Addresses the environment, what has to change in the environment: Looks at individual needs & environmental needs. The people around you: Community/family. Changes can occur encompassing both the promotion of abilities & the elimination of individual barriers.
Transtheoretical Model
An integrative biopsychosocial model of intentional behavior change. Key constructs from other theories are integrated. The model describes how people modify a problem behavior or acquire a positive behavior. The central organizing construct of the model is the Stages of Change: Precontemplation (Not Ready) Contemplation (Getting Ready) Preparation (Ready) Action Maintenance
Information Seeking and Health Spectrum Model
Considers the role of leisure education and the relationship of the therapeutic recreation process of APIE to the ICF. Goal: translates the categories of client assessments (functional ability, recreation skills, and leisure constructs)
Leisure and Wellbeing Model
Creation of a whole person; success is based on individual's needs and goals. A life of meaning, value, optimism, potential and overall happiness. Goal: To use TR intervention focused around core concepts of seeking healthy lifestyle, wellbeing, leisure theory, personal growth and positive outcome environment Focus: Strengths of a person, optimism, the importance of physical, social, psychological and cognitive resources.
Medical Model:
Dr. prescribes TR treatment Recreation is treatment> >> as a means to and end, is more clinical; Begins as (1) TRS directed >(2)equal participation between client/TRS>(3) client directed. Poor health>to >optimal health Prescribed activity>directed by CTRS>Recreation mutual participation>Leisure self directed by client.
Health Promotion Model
Each person has power to promote themselves. The purpose of this model is attaining the highest level of health. Goal: all aspects of wellness to maximize each person's functioning Focus: personal responsibility, maximum support to treat or prevent illness
Aristotelian Good Life Model
Emphasis on good life. Client's source of difficulty arises from meeting certain goals in order to progress in hopes of reaching optimal freedom Goal: Increasing freedom and responsibility Focus: Afflictions and Oppressions, Role of therapist from therapist to advocate, and level of freedom
Leisure Ability Model
Leisure is an optimal state of mind and inherently therapeutic. The three main components are functional interventions, leisure education and recreation participation. It is based on the concepts of internal locus of control, intrinsic motivation, personal causality, freedom of choice, and flow. Goal is to provide client with satisfying leisure life Focus: Using leisure education as treatment modality Four Steps: maximum control by specialist>>to>>>minimum control by specialist 1. Assess: ID problem, gather data 2. Treatment: improve functional ability 3. Leisure Education: Acquire knowledge & Skills 4. Leisure Lifestyle: engage in opportunity>participate voluntarily
Optimizing Health and Wellbeing Model
People become active agents in securing and maintaining their own wellbeing over time while maximizing their individual capacities for growth and creative adaptation Goals: Provide educational opportunities and experiences to promote healthy leisure lifestyles, maintain engagement in recreation throughout life course Focus: Engagement, individualizing resources
Self determination and enjoyment model
People should be active participants in their treatment. Self determination, control and enjoyment are linked. Goal: Develop self determination, intrinsic motivation, perception of manageable challenge, investment of attention, enjoyment and functional improvement. Focus: Empowerment, choices, self determination and enjoyment to attain and maintain a meaningful life.
Theories of Play
Psycho-Analytic Theory: Engaging in play to reduce anxiety. ie: play therapy-abused child uses doll to master situation. Catharsis Theory: Play to release repressed thoughts, feelings, and emotions. An outlet for aggression. Diversion Theory: To amuse ourselves. Compensation Theory: To play/recreate, to fulfill needs not met at work. Surplus Energy: To get rid of excess energy.
Therapeutic Recreation Outcome Model
The purpose of recreation is to improve the client's quality of life by increasing functional capacity and health status
Activity Therapy
Therapeutic Recreation is prescribed, but is a "blurring of different departments. Similar disciplines such as art, music, dance, are housed one one department
Outcome and Service Delivery Model
There is a correlation between health status and functional capacity. Goals: Diagnosis/Needs Assessments, Treatment, Rehabilitation, Education Services, and Prevention/ Health promotion Focus: Quality of Life
Optimizing Lifelong Health through Therapeutic Recreation service delivery model
To achieve and maintain leisure lifestyles that will enhance their health and well being across the life course; engagement in healthy leisure lifestyle reduces the probability of pathology or secondary consequences of disability across the life course. Goal/components: Selecting, optimizing, compensating and evaluating. Focus: Health enhancement, reform in health and human services, and life-course perspectives.
Custodial Model:
To maintain one's functioning, to be diversional. To enable individuals whose functional capabilities are chronically impaired to be maintained at the maximum level of health & well being.
