Truman Doctrine + Marshall Plan
How much did the USA spend overall between the years 1948 to 1952 in both Cash and Commodities through MA?
*$13.7 billion*
KEY INTERPRETATION: US DOLLAR DIPLOMACY
*-* USA wanted to avoid a repeat of the *GREAT DEPRESSION* *-*Historians interpret Truman's desire to promote trade with the Western Europe + Japan as an attempt to *stimulate the US Economy through trade.*
Give some examples of successfully Stalinised countries and year:
*-**Hungary:* *1947* Elections were rigged to ensure communist victory. *-**Czechoslovakia:* *1948* Staged a coup to overthrow the elected government + replace it with a Communist government. In addition, Foreign Minister Jan Masaryk was murdered.
When was Cominform established? In what years was Cominform successful for the Stalinisation of Eastern Europe?
*-*1947 *-*1947 to 1949 *-*By 1949 a majority of EE states had been *reduced to Soviet satellite states.*
How did Stalin react to MA?
*-*He made it clear that the Eastern Bloc would not accept what they considered to be a form of dollar imperialism.
What year was the Truman Doctrine set out? What was it?
*-*March 1947 *-*Truman committed the US to provide military + economic resources to stop the spread of Communism. This Policy was known as Containment.
In what ways did Cominform mirror Stalin's model of government?
*-*Rigged elections *-*Sponsorship of Coups It created *ONE-PARTY DICTATORSHIPS*
What did Truman hope to gain through the MP?
*1*He hoped that an economic recovery in Europe would lead to increased trade with the US + sustained economic growth for them. *2*Also hoped that MA would tie European nations into a relationship with the US.
What did European countries have to agree to in order to receive MA?
*FREE TRADE*
What year was the Marshall Plan + What was it?
1947 *-*It was an *aid package* designed to provide US money to *promote economic recovery in Europe.*
What was Stalin's alternative to MA?
Comecon 1949
How did the Soviet leaders respond the TD?
Established *Cominform* to ensure Soviet control of its satellite states.
Why is the year 1947 significant?
It was a turning point in SP relations, especially because of the significant change that occurred when Truman set out his approach to SP relations in the Truman Doctrine.
What was Comecon?
It was designed to facilitate *economic so-operation across the eastern bloc and therefore promote economic growth.*
How did the Marshall Plan benefit West Germany?
MP led to the economic recovery of the Western Zones of Germany, which led to the stabilization of a WEST GERMAN STATE, *outside of the Soviet sphere of influence.*
KEY INTERPRETATION: US DOLLAR DIPLOMACY
Superpower conflict came about due to the US DESIRE to have the dominant POLITICAL + ECONOMIC position in WESTERN EUROPE + JAPAN. e.g it could be argued that the MP was a form of 'dollar imperialism' as *US Economic aid was dependent on POLITICAL COMPLIANCE.*
What was the significance of the Marshall Plan AND Comecon?
They both led to the led to the emergence of *2* *economic areas in Europe,* one sponsored by the USA and the other by the USSR.
KEY INTERPRETATION: US DOLLAR DIPLOMACY
Truman encouraged Superpower tensions in order to *justify massive government spending on arms to stimulate the US Economy.*