TSI Math Vocabulary

PEMDAS

(parenthesis, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, subtraction) work left to right

+ times +

+

- times -

+

+ times -

-

Similar figures

-Have the same shape but not necessarily the same size -The corresponding angles are congruent, but the corresponding sides are not necessarily congruent

Congruent figures

-Have the same size and shape -The corresponding angles are congruent -The corresponding sides are congruent

1,000 mg=

1 g

128 fl oz=

1 gal

100 cm=

1 m

1000 mm=

1 m

1,760 yards=

1 mile

5,280 feet=

1 mile

16 ounces=

1 pound

2 pt=

1 qt

2000 lbs=

1 ton

3 feet=

1 yard

Area of a Triangle

1/2bh

1 centimeter=

10 millimeters

1 meter=

100 centimeters

1 kg=

1000 g

1 kilometer=

1000 meters

1 foot=

12 inches

the sum of the angle measures in a triangle

180 degrees

Supplementary angles

2 angles that have the sum of 180 degrees

Complementary angles

2 angles that have the sum of 90 degrees

Parallel lines

2 lines that are always the same distance apart and never touch

Intersecting lines

2 lines that share exactly one point

1 L=

2.1 pt

Surface Area of a Rectangular Prism

2ab+2bc+2ac (a, b, and c are the lengths of the 3 sides)

Rectangle

4 right angles

Surface Area of a Sphere

4pir^2

Surface Area of a Cube

6a^2 (a is the length of the side of the cube)

Right angle

90 degrees

All angle measures in a circle

= 360 degrees

Symmetry

A line of symmetry divides a figure into 2 parts, each of which is the mirror image of the other

Line Segment

A line segment is named using both end points with a line above them

Plane

A plane is written using 3 non-collinear points

Polygon

A polygon is a closed figure whose sides are line segments that do not cross

Ray

A ray is named using its endpoint first and then any other point on the ray pointing to the right above them

Regular Polygon

A regular polygon is a polygon where all of the sides have equal lengths and all of the angles have equal measures

Chord

A straight line segment whose endpoints both lie on the circle

Acute triangle

All angles are acute

Rhombus

All sides congruent

Square

All sides congruent and 4 right angles

Scalene triangle

All sides have different lengths

Equilateral triangle

All sides have the same length

Radius

Any of the line segments from its center to its perimeter

Diameter

Any straight line segment that passes through the center of the circle and whose endpoints lie on the circle. The longest chord of the circle.

Isosceles triangle

At least 2 sides have the same length

Parallelogram

Both pairs of opposite sides parallel

Transformations

Changing the position of a given figure

Standard Notation

Ex: 5^2= 25; 25 is the standard notation (the answer or solution)

Dividing fractions

Flip 2nd fraction and multiply Ex: 2/5 ÷ 3/9= 2/5 × 9/3

Interest

Formula: I=prt

Percent Increase or Decrease problems

Formula: amount of change÷original number.

Multiplying fractions

Multiply top*top, bottom*bottom

Line

Named using any two point on a line w a two sided arrow above them

Adding or Subtracting fractions

Need a common denominator. Then add numerators.

Obtuse triangle

One angle is obtuse

Right triangle

One angle is right

Trapezoid

One pair of opposite sides are parallel

Collinear Points

Points that are on the same line

Coplanar points

Points that lie in the same plane

Area of a Square

S^2

Surface Area of any Prism

Surface Area = Lateral area + Area of two ends (Lateral area) = (perimeter of shape b) * L Surface Area = (perimeter of shape b) * L+ 2*(Area of shape b)

Central angle

The angle that forms when two radii meet at the center of a circle

Faces

The flat surfaces of a 3-D figure

Vertices

The points formed by intersecting edges

Perpendicular lines

The relationship between 2 lines which meet at a right angle (90degrees). Perpendicular lines= 2 lines intersect at a right angle

Edges

The segments formed by intersecting faces

Circle

The set of all points in a plane that are a a given distance from a given pint, the center

Domain

The set of values of the independent variables (x) for which a function is defined. If there is a duplicate of x values in the domain then it is not a function.

Net

The shape formed by "unfolding" a 3-D figure, shows all the faces that make up the surface area

Surface Area

The sum of the areas of all the faces of the figure

x-intercept

The value of x when y is equal to 0

y-intercept

The value of y when x is equal to 0

Range

The y-values, set of outputs

Reflection

When a figure is flipped over to create a mirror image

Translation

When a figure is turned to a new position

Dilation

When the dimensions of a figure increase or decrease to create a new figure that is similar to the original figure

Acute angle

between 0 degrees and 90 degrees

Obtuse angle

between 90 degrees and 180 degrees

Divide by a negative inequality

flip the sign

Equation of a Circle

h and k are the x and y coordinates of the center of the circle

f(x)=

y