Types Of Electoral Systems
Instant Runoff Voting
Instant Runoff Voting is when the electorate ranks the candidates that they want to win in order of preference rather than just choosing a single candidate to win it.
Mixed Member Proportional
Mixed Member Proportional is a system that is a hybrid of the party list system and the single member district plurality system. It uses party list as its proportional component and SMDP as its direct component of electing. Mixed Member Proportional is similar to forms of proportional representation in that the overall total of party members in the elected body is intended to mirror the overall proportion of votes received; it differs by including a set of members elected by geographic constituency who are deducted from the party totals so as to maintain overall proportionality.
Single Member District Plurality (SMDP) a.k.a First-Past-the-Post (FPTP)
Often called "first past the post," a horse-racing term, because the winner need only finish ahead of any of the others but need not win a majority of the votes. In each district, the candidate who gains more votes than any other--a plurality--wins the election.
Party List
Party list systems emphasize proportional representation in elections in which multiple candidates are elected through allocations to an electoral list. In this style of voting parties make a list of candidates to be elected, also seats get allocated to each party in proportion to the number of votes the party receives.
At-large voting
Plurality-at-large voting, also known as block vote or multiple non-transferable vote (MNTV), is a non-proportional voting system for electing several representatives from a single multimember electoral district using a series of check boxes and tallying votes similar to a plurality election. Although multiple winners are elected simultaneously, block voting is not a system for obtaining proportional representation; instead, the usual result is that the largest single group wins every seat by electing a slate of candidates, resulting in a landslide.
Two-Round Runoff Voting
Two-Round Runoff Voting is when there is initial election with say four candidates. None of these candidates win the majority of the vote and therefore no winner can be declared. As a result of this, there will be another vote where the electorate can only vote for the top two people to ensure that there is a majority winner in clear sight.
