U2C2

Which of the following statements would be an observation of primary succession? a.) "I can't believe how quickly the shrubs regrew after last summer's tornado." b.) "Look at the plants that have regrown on this mountain since the volcanic eruption two decades ago." c.) "The weeds have taken over my neighbor's pasture ever since that fire came through." d.) "I've noticed several species of lichen growing on rocks exposed by a melting glacier."

"I've noticed several species of lichen growing on rocks exposed by a melting glacier."

Which of the following examples corresponds with native species? a.) Chickens were domesticated in Southeast Asia around 5,400 BC; they were first brought to the Americas around 3,300 years ago. b.) Many birds in New Zealand evolved to have very small or completely useless wings; they had no need to fly because there were no mammals to prey on them. c.) Originally from Japan, Kudzu was introduced to the U.S. as a fast-growing vine to curb soil erosion; it has spread across the South and covers about 150,000 acres each year. d.) Asian carp were brought to the U.S. to eat excess algae from ponds but found their way into rivers; the fish eat plankton, the diet of many smaller fish, and can grow to be 100 pounds.

Many birds in New Zealand evolved to have very small or completely useless wings; they had no need to fly because there were no mammals to prey on them

On the graph shown here, the carrying capacity for pheasants is less than ___________.The first time the pheasant population reached carrying capacity was in the year __________. a.) 2,000; 1946 b.) 800; 1941 c.) 1,600; 1951 d.) 1,200; 1956

a.) 2,000; 1946

Which of the following is an example of competition? a.) A red fox and a bull snake both try to eat a mouse. b.) A Siberian tiger hunts for salmon in the river. c.) A tapeworm lives in the human digestive tract. d.) A red-bill oxpecker eats flies off the back of a zebra.

a.) A red fox and a bull snake both try to eat a mouse.

Which of the following organisms is a decomposer? a.) A shiitake mushroom b.) A Bengal tiger c.) A copperhead snake d.) A phytoplankton

a.) A shiitake mushroom

Which of the following organisms is a producer? a.) A willow tree b.) A jackrabbit c.) An earthworm d.) A leopard seal

a.) A willow tree

Beginning at the first trophic level, which of the following answer choices shows the correct food chain order? a.) Algae, Shrimp, Fish, Seal, Bacteria b.) Fish, Seal, Algae, Shrimp, Bacteria c.) Bacteria, Seal, Fish, Shrimp, Algae d.) Shrimp, Fish, Seal, Bacteria, Algae

a.) Algae, Shrimp, Fish, Seal, Bacteria

Which of the following characteristics is associated with secondary succession? a.) New saplings of lodgepole pine begin to grow on land scarred by a recent fire. b.) Moss quickly establishes itself on land recently exposed by glacial retreat. c.) Foliage begins to grow on new land created by cooled lava. d.) Algae and fungus start to grow on bare rock.

a.) New saplings of lodgepole pine begin to grow on land scarred by a recent fire.

Which of the following is an example of symbiosis? a.) Sea anemones attach themselves to the shells of hermit crabs and drive off octopuses with their barbed tentacles in exchange for a free ride. b.) In a forest, taller trees get more sunlight; shorter trees get less sunlight because the taller ones block the sun's rays. c.) A gecko walks straight up a wall because its bulbous toes are covered with hundreds of microscopic hairs that create a physical bond with the surface. d.) With its exceptional eyesight, an osprey can see a fish moving in a shallow lake and easily pluck it from the water with its sharp talons.

a.) Sea anemones attach themselves to the shells of hermit crabs and drive off octopuses with their barbed tentacles in exchange for a free ride.

Which of the following is an emergent property at the community level of organization? a.) The exact species that exist b.) Interactions between living organisms and the area's abiotic factors c.) Climate and weather patterns d.) The number of females versus males

a.) The exact species that exist

When does a non-native species become invasive? a.) When they are outside of their original environment and adversely affect habitats b.) When they have been introduced deliberately or accidentally into a new environment c.) When they occupy specific habitats in their original environment and have natural predators d.) When they have mutually beneficial interactions with other species

a.) When they are outside of their original environment and adversely affect habitats

Which of the following characteristics is associated with primary succession? a.) ​A species establishes itself in a previously unpopulated environment. b.) A plant species starts growing after a fire wipes out an existing plant species. c.) A plant species gets established after overgrazing destroys a previous inhabiting plant species. d.) A species establishes itself following an environmental disturbance.

a.) ​A species establishes itself in a previously unpopulated environment.

Which of the following organisms is a primary consumer? a.) An African lion b.) A Masai giraffe c.) An acacia tree d.) A mound-building termite

b.) A Masai giraffe

Which of the following statements is true regarding the transfer of energy in an ecosystem? a.) Energy is recycled repeatedly by organisms in an ecosystem. b.) Energy is transferred from producers to consumers in one direction. c.) The organisms at the top of the energy pyramid receive more energy than those at the bottom. d.) Compared to large animals, small animals receive less of the available energy.

b.) Energy is transferred from producers to consumers in one direction.

Beginning at the first trophic level, which of the following answer choices shows the correct food chain order? a.) Butterfly, Frog, Snake, Mushroom, Flower b.) Flower, Butterfly, Frog, Snake, Mushroom c.) Mushroom, Snake, Frog, Butterfly, Flower d.) Snake, Flower, Frog, Mushroom, Butterfly

b.) Flower, Butterfly, Frog, Snake, Mushroom

Which of the following environmental events is a result of an invasive species? a.) The health and productivity of an ecosystem are improved. b.) Humans can be exposed to unknown pathogens. c.) Biodiversity increases. d.) Native species thrive or are reinstated.

b.) Humans can be exposed to unknown pathogens.

Beginning at the first trophic level, which of the following answer choices shows the correct food chain order? a.) Cricket, Lizard, Fox, Fungi, Maple Leaf b.) Maple leaf, Cricket, Lizard, Fox, Fungi c.) Fungi, Fox, Lizard, Cricket, Maple Leaf d.) Fox, Cricket, Maple leaf, Lizard, Fungi

b.) Maple leaf, Cricket, Lizard, Fox, Fungi

Choose a likely result of an invasive species being introduced into an area. a.) The invasive species may encounter predators, competition or disease. b.) The health and productivity of the ecosystem may be reduced. c.) Reproduction rates for native species may increase. d.) The balance of a particular ecosystem may be altered in a positive way.

b.) The health and productivity of the ecosystem may be reduced.

Which of the following characteristics is representative of the logistic population growth model? a.) When extended over time, the graph resembles a "J" shape. b.) This model considers limiting factors such as rainfall and food. c.) This model studies population growth without limiting factors. d.) Change in birth and death rates determine the slope.

b.) This model considers limiting factors such as rainfall and food.

In an energy pyramid, which way does energy transfer? a.) Energy transfers from top to bottom and decreases at each level. b.) Energy transfers from top to bottom and increases at each level. c.) Energy transfers from bottom to top and decreases at each level. d.) Energy transfers from bottom to top and increases at each level.

c.) Energy transfers from bottom to top and decreases at each level.

Which of the following is an emergent property at the ecosystem level of organization? a.) The types of ecosystems b.) The differences between organisms within a species c.) The interactions between communities d.) The relative abundance of species SUBMIT MY ANSWER

c.) The interactions between communities

Which of the following characteristics is representative of the exponential population growth model? a.) This growth model produces an S-shaped line. b.) This growth model takes into account limited resources. c.) This growth model may not always be realistic. d.) This growth model notes the population size that an ecosystem can sustainably support.

c.) This growth model may not always be realistic.

Each trophic level captures only about 10% of the level that precedes it, while the rest is __________. a.) gained as metabolic heat due to efficiencies of energy b.) more efficient to consume organisms at higher trophic levels c.) lost as metabolic heat due to inefficiencies of energy d.) biologically unusable energy (sugars) that is not passed on

c.) lost as metabolic heat due to inefficiencies of energy

An invasive species can ___________. a.) increase agriculture health and botanical gardens b.) have many natural predators, competitors, parasites or diseases c.) threaten or endanger native species d.) boost ecosystem health and productivity

c.) threaten or endanger native species

Which of the following examples relates to non-native species? a.) Oolong beetles bred in the lab cannot reproduce in the wild and have no natural protections against predators or disease. b.) Birds such as the loa and the kiwi evolved in isolated New Zealand with no natural enemies, so they built nests on the ground and did not fly. c.) The Pacific yew tree that grows along the coast from northern California into Canada has thin, scaly bark that contains a chemical with anti-cancer properties. d.) A certain beetle species was released in southern Maine to keep the unwanted loosestrife plant from spreading.

d.) A certain beetle species was released in southern Maine to keep the unwanted loosestrife plant from spreading.

Which of the following characteristics is representative of the exponential population growth model? a.) Limited by carrying capacity b.) Restricted by number of resources c.) Reflects realistic limits d.) Demonstrates growth potential

d.) Demonstrates growth potential

Which of the following is an example of predation? a.) Two species of barnacles vie for living space on a rocky shore. b.) Algae lives on a crab's back and its color camouflages the crab. c.) The bat-eared fox develops extra teeth and oversized ears. d.) Hyenas chase and kill a small gazelle.

d.) Hyenas chase and kill a small gazelle.

Which of the following is an emergent property at the population level of organization? a.) The geographical distribution of species in relation to each other b.) The number of communities c.) The interactions between ecosystems d.) The relative number of different ages of a species

d.) The relative number of different ages of a species